How to use pesticides correctly? How to use pesticides correctly?

In order to protect the trees and fruits from pests and diseases, pesticides are often sprayed in the garden. However, apple pears are sensitive to certain pesticides and are often prone to pesticide damage when used improperly. Some pesticides damage the fruit surface and affect the appearance of the fruit; Some pesticides cause leaf damage, affect photosynthesis and reduce flavor quality; Some pesticides have the effect of thinning flowers and fruits, and improper use will cause flowers and fruits to fall and reduce yield.

Therefore, care must be taken when using pesticides. From the perspective of improving fruit quality, the problems that should be paid attention to in the use of pesticides are briefly introduced

First, the young fruit of apple and pear is sensitive to copper ions, and when spraying Bordeaux liquid to prevent and control scab and other diseases at the young fruit stage, improper use often increases the fruit spots and rust spots, and the fruit surface is rough. Therefore, it is safer to replace Bordeaux liquid with "Shigao", "Fuxing" and "Enozole" at the young fruit stage. If Bordeaux liquid must be used, the lime ratio should be increased to reduce the concentration of the agent. Local experience believes that it is advisable to use 240 times Bordeaux solution (copper sulfate, lime and water weight ratio of 1 3 2 240) in lime 3 times or double weight.

Second, pear trees are sensitive to certain sulfur preparations, and improper use is also prone to pesticide damage, such as stone sulfur mixture and sulfur suspension. The use of stone sulfur mixture on pear trees is preferable after leaf fall or before germination, and it is generally not suitable for use during the growing season. If it is necessary to use sulfur suspension agent to control hawthorn leaf mites and powdery mildew, the concentration and frequency should be reduced.

Especially in the hot season, 400 500 is safer. When the temperature is low, it can be used 300 400 times, and it should be sprayed in the morning and evening of the day.

Third, some other pesticides that are easy to cause pesticide damage on pear trees should be avoided or used less as much as possible; When it must be used, it should be used with special caution, and it is best to do a small efficacy test first. For example, mancozeb has a good effect on the prevention and control of pear scab and black spot, but it is easy to cause pesticide damage on the leaves and fruit surface when used in the young fruit stage of apple and pear. When using 70% mancozeb wettable powder in the young fruit stage, the concentration should be controlled at 1200 1500 times, and less than 1000 times is easy to produce pesticide damage.

In addition, pears are also sensitive to insecticides such as mite, hydroamidophos, and amiformamidine. If it must be used, special care should be taken.

Fourth, some insecticides and fungicides have the effect of thinning flowers and fruits at the same time, and should be avoided in the flowering and young fruit stages. For example, stone sulfur mixture is a flower thinning agent, and carbaryl is a fruit thinning agent. In addition, the use of trichlorfon and dichlorvos in the young fruit stage of apples and pears will also reduce the fruit setting rate, and it is usually safer to use after July.

Fifth, at present, there are many pesticide manufacturers, and some manufacturers of the same product are prone to pesticide damage (such as carbendazim, etc.). Therefore, when using a new dosage form of pesticide for the first time, it should be tested first to verify that there is no pesticide harm before using it in a large area.

The use of chemical pesticides to control sunflower diseases, insects and weeds is a necessary measure in agricultural production. On the basis of mastering the performance of pesticides, the following principles must be paid attention to in order to use pesticides scientifically, reasonably and safely.

1) Symptomatic and timely medication. According to the types of sunflower diseases, insects and weeds and the occurrence of diseases, insects and weeds, different types of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides were selected. Different pesticide varieties have different control effects on different control objects.

Before applying pesticides, we must carefully investigate the diseases and cordyceps, and apply pesticides in the best prevention and control period to achieve symptomatic medication. Generally, it is chosen in the early stage of the occurrence of Cordyceps to achieve timely prevention and control.

2) Ensure pesticide application technology and quality. Pesticide application to choose quality assurance spray equipment, accurate weighing of pesticides, this is an important part of the prevention and control of pests and weeds, must be according to the pesticide instructions to take pesticides, can not increase the amount of pesticides, especially herbicides, to avoid waste and pollution to the environment, agricultural products. Do not use a single pesticide for a long time, and mix pesticides scientifically and reasonably to delay the emergence of resistance to Cordyceps.

3) Pay attention to safe medication. Ensure safe intervals and scientific application of pesticides to avoid human and animal poisoning. Pay attention to the cleaning of pesticide application equipment, and use water to dispense.

At present, some herbicides used in production are ultra-efficient, and once a certain type of pesticide remains in the application device, or the water used to prepare the pharmaceutical solution is contaminated by a certain type of pesticide, it is easy to cause pesticide damage to sensitive crops.

4) Ensure the quality of pesticides. It is noted that the regular pesticide sales department purchases pesticides with three certificates.

First, before the use of pesticides, it is necessary to carefully read the pesticide instructions or consult plant protection technicians to clarify the use method and scope of use. The second is to wear masks, rubber gloves, and appropriate clothing when dispensing and administering pesticides to prevent pesticides from contaminating ** and eyes. The third is not to use a broken or leaky sprayer, do not operate in the wind when applying pesticides, and stop applying pesticides when strong winds and high temperatures at noon.

Fourth, you can not eat, drink, or smoke when applying pesticides, and you should change your clothes in time after applying pesticides, and wash your hands and feet and places that may be contaminated with pesticides. Fifth, warning signs should be erected in places where highly toxic pesticides are applied to prevent people, animals, and poultry from entering. Sixth, do not let children, patients, and women in the "third period" (pregnancy, lactation, and menstruation) apply medicine.

The applicator should be a healthy young adult. Seventh, if the operator has symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, etc., he should immediately leave the pesticide application site, take off contaminated clothes, gargle, wipe his hands, face and other exposed parts, and send them to the hospital in time.

Spraying 1000 1500 times of water with 80% dichlorvos EC can control inchworms, stinging moths, poisonous moths, canopy caterpillars, dead leaf moths, scaphoid caterpillars, nest moths, moths, star caterpillars, corianders, leaf miner moths, military match insects, aphids, red spiders, mealybugs and newly hatched scale insects and nymphs. For woodworm moths, longhorn beetles, gidding insects and other boring pests, 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate can be injected into the fecal discharge hole with a syringe 20 50 times of water, and then the insect hole is sealed with slime to kill the pest. Fumigation in greenhouses and flower rooms for the prevention and control of whiteflies, etc., with 1 2 ml of stock solution per cubic meter.

The vast majority of pesticides are toxic chemicals. When dispensing and spraying, the operator must wear rubber gloves, hats and masks to prevent the liquid or powder from sticking to the **. Do not apply the medicine in the middle of the day, in the hot middle of the day.

When spraying or dusting, it is best to choose a windless day. If there is a light breeze, spray it in the direction of the downwind to prevent the liquid or powder from splashing on the face or inhaling poisonous gases. Do not drink water, eat, or smoke while spraying.

Wash your hands with soap immediately after application. Empty medicine bottles for medicine should be destroyed immediately and should not be used as action tools. Appliances that have been equipped with pesticides should be soaked in alkaline water for more than one day, and then rinsed with water.

Also pay attention to the safety of flowers. It is easy to cause pesticide damage at noon when the temperature is high and the sunshine is strong, so the summer application should be carried out in the evening. Generally, flower seedlings, young shoots, and young leaves are prone to pesticide damage, and most flowers are sensitive to pesticides during the flowering period, so they should be cautious with medication.

1.The type of pesticide that uses the gate feng shui

According to the different crops of different farmers have different diseases, the appropriate selection of the required types of pesticides to ensure the right symptoms, otherwise, not only the actual effect is poor, but also will continue to consume pesticides, delay the opportunity for prevention and control, and cause damage to agriculture.

2.Moderate medication

Diseases, insects, and weeds with different development processes have different resistance to pesticides. At the level of pests and diseases, generally speaking, the juveniles before the 3rd instar have weak drug resistance, and it is recommended to take the drug before the 3rd instar, and the actual effect is good. At the level of pests and diseases, the spores of the pathogen are dormant and the resistance of the spores becomes weaker when they germinate.

At the level of weed damage, weeds are more sensitive to drugs in the germination stage and new generation, and then the resistance to pesticides gradually increases with growth and development. Therefore, when applying pesticides, it is necessary to investigate and analyze the meteorological forecast according to the total number of diseases, insects, grasses and nemesis, so as to take drugs immediately when the control index value is taken.

3.Strictly control the dosage

The highly recommended dosage on the pesticide label or instructions for use is generally clarified through continuous experiments, and can not be adjusted at will in the application to prevent crop fertilizer damage or harm to the prevention and control effect.

4.The medication should be evenly proportioned and thorough

Most of the systemic insecticides and pesticide fungicides used today are dominated by the transmission to the upper end of the main stem, and very little is transmitted downward, so it must be evenly proportioned and thoughtful when spraying, and it is not necessary to spray when the open field cultivated crops are windy, so as to ensure that the better control effect is obtained.

5.Effective blending of pesticides

When mixing and mixing pesticides, it is important to follow the standard: two or more pesticides may cause a chemical reaction when mixed. Because this kind of chemical reaction may cause the dissolution of related components to be ineffective, and may even cause harmful substances, resulting in fertilizer damage.

For example, carbamates, pyrethroid insecticides and dithiohydroxybenzoic acid compound pesticide fungicides are more sensitive to alkaline standards and should not be mixed with alkaline pesticides or chemicals. Most of the organic chemical sulfur pesticide fungicides are more sensitive to acidity and cannot be mixed with acid and alkaline pesticides.

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In the process of agricultural planting production and management, the use of pesticides is not missing stage, the proper use of pesticides, the first thing to ensure safety and high efficiency, wrong operation, not only harm plants, but also hurt the spraying staff, grasp the appropriate spraying method, you can get half the actual effect,So what are the correct ways to use pesticides?

First, the choice of pesticides

There are some farmers who only hear that a certain type of pesticide is good or not, and regardless of the manufacturer and authenticity, they only nominate the most important drugs, do not follow the advice of professional and technical personnel, and blindly follow the trend to take medicine.

Second, the selection of sprayers and nozzles

Some sprayers that have been used for more than ten years have long been unable to meet the requirements of sprayers, and they are still used and cannot achieve the effect of giving full play to the medicinal power. Nozzles should be selected according to the spraying crops and methods, and different pesticides cannot be used with all types of nozzles.

Third, the mastery of spraying opportunities

In fact, this kind of method is very incorrect, not only does the cost increase, but it is especially susceptible to the rapid increase of pest resistance, so that it cannot be controlled.

Fourth, the amount of spray is not as much as possible, but the spray is evenly applied

Usually farmers often tell me that when spraying a few buckets of water per acre of land is suitable, in fact, this is also a problem that can not be said, the most effective spray amount when spraying is to spray the leaves wet and just do not seepage for the best, scientific experiments show that if sprayed to the leaf seepage, the residual amount of liquid medicine on the leaf is only about half of the liquid medicine on the leaf when the drop is not dropped, so spraying to seepage not only leads to a lot of consumption, and the specific control effect is also greatly affected.

Fifth, the prevention goal of spraying is different, and the spraying site is different

If spraying to prevent whiteflies, aphids, whiteflies and other insect pests, it should be sprayed at the tender position or middle and upper part of the stem, if the prevention of general pests and diseases, the key spraying of the lower end of the old leaves that are prone to concurrent to prevent Verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, leaf blight and other pests and diseases, should be sprayed at the tip of the stem.

Sixth, the preparation of liquid medicine

When configuring the liquid medicine, you can choose the secondary dilution method, that is, the pesticide is dissolved in a certain amount of water first, and then filled with oil and water after being evenly proportioned, so that the drug can be melted in the water more evenly and the actual effect is stronger.

Seventh, the order of pesticide mixed use

If a variety of pesticides are sprayed at one time, if there are insecticides, pesticide fungicides, leaf fertilizers, etc., everyone must remember that when configuring the liquid medicine, it is necessary to put leaf fertilizer first, and then add the sterilization or insecticide of granule preparations, and finally add pesticides of emulsifiable concentrate preparations. According to this order, the effect of the drug is less affected, on the contrary, it is likely to have greater harm to the actual effect of various pesticides, or even ineffective.

Eighth, spraying method

If you use a manual sprayer, it is best to use a sprayer facing the leaves, if you use a mist machine or a high-pressure electric sprayer, you should spray the sprayer towards the parallel surface of the stem, if you are facing the green plant sprayer, there will be a lot of liquid spray on the road, resulting in consumption.

Choose the best application period, do a good job in the work of pests and diseases, grasp the occurrence law and characteristics of various pests and diseases, follow the policy of prevention first, comprehensive control, adhere to the principle of prevention and pest control, and grasp the key prevention and control period according to the investigation of on-site pest and disease hazards, so as to achieve early treatment and small treatment. Choose the best time to apply pesticides, cloudy or sunny, 9 to 10 a.m. after the dew is dry, 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. before and after sunset, spraying pesticides when pests are active, can improve the control effect.

Be aware of the weather changes and do not spray in case of high winds, rain, rain or dew. If it has just rained heavily after spraying pesticides, spray again after the sun shines. Spraying pesticides is prohibited during flowering and before harvest, and crops and fruit trees are vulnerable to damage when pesticides are applied during flowering.

If applied before harvesting, pesticides can create residues on crops that can cause food poisoning. Generally speaking, the residue period of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides is about 60 days, and the residue period of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides is about 15 days. Therefore, whether it is grain, vegetables or fruit trees, it is forbidden to use drugs before harvest to avoid food or food poisoning.

Many vegetable farmers are accustomed to spraying every three or four days, thinking that they can rest. In fact, this approach is very wrong. Not only does it increase costs, but it also leads to a rapid increase in pest resistance that becomes uncontrollable once it occurs.

The rational approach is to use drugs early in the occurrence of pests and use drugs that are highly effective, low toxicity, and have a long duration. For diseases, it is recommended to regularly spray protective fungicides, such as mancozeb, chlorothalonil, methyl tobuzin, etc. In the early stages of the disease, symptomatic fungicides are taken depending on the type of disease.

For example, for downy mildew and Phytophthora, enoylmorpholine and methamethaline are used, and some copper reagents are used for bacterial horn spots, etc.

Vegetable farmers often ask me if it is appropriate to pump a few buckets of water per mu when spraying. The most reasonable amount to spray is to spray the leaves wet without dripping. Scientific experiments have shown that if the leaves are sprayed with dripping water, the amount of liquid medicine left on the leaves is only about half of what is not drip when the liquid is not dripping, therefore, when spraying dripping water, it not only causes a lot of waste, but also greatly reduces the actual control effect.

Some vegetable farmers are accustomed to spraying a small amount of liquid, and the drug concentration is very high, which is also unscientific, because it is not only easy to cause drug damage, but also leaks seriously, fails to reach the target, and the control effect is not ideal.