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Official literature, also known as imperial literature or endorsement literature, refers to literature that the government firmly controls the right to publish literature, organizes literary workers, and produces literature in batches, in large quantities, and in a mechanized manner. These literary workers are routinely given the title of writers, and according to their contributions, they are divided into various ranks, associations**, life members, long-term members, short-term members, temporary members, associate members, etc., corresponding to the treatment of various official ranks. The 20th century was a shining era of official literature.
In the middle of the 20th century, the number of official literature in the world exceeded the number of documented works of all literary works of all dynasties in the world by 73 times" (Russian literary critic Lipovetsky). The Su Writers' Association and its subordinate publications were collectively packaged and sold to the merchant Buratov. Joining Buratov's writers' association is subject to a fee.
Literature has been transformed from an official club into a businessman's club.
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"Analysis of the Characteristics of Russian Literature and Its Causes".
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Please go here**, there is an answer.
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It has a distinct political color, has a democratic tendency, and satirical allegorical poems and comedies have reappeared successively, and aesthetic poetry and ** have appeared.
17th century: with democratic tendencies.
Thanks to the formation of an all-Russian market and the development of international cultural exchanges, Russian literature has gradually become richer. The creations of the priest Avakum and the court poet Simion Polotsky show a new development in religious literature. The chaotic situation in the early 17th century, caused by the armed intervention of Poland and Sweden and the change of dynasties, hindered the development of Russian literature.
By the 20s, political writings on the "chaotic period" flourished. In the second half of the 17th century, thanks to the formation of the all-Russian market and the development of international cultural exchanges, literature began to break through the pattern of the Middle Ages, and the subject matter and genre increased, and a large number of secular stories with democratic tendencies appeared that described social life, or reflected a hazy vision of a new life and a betrayal of old traditions, or exposed and satirized social ills.
At the same time, religious literature also took on a new character.
18th century: Satirical allegorical poems and comedies reappear.
The literature of the time of Peter I is still a mixture of old and new, with a transitional character. Classicism, which arose in the 30s on the basis of Peter's reforms, was the basic school of Russian literature for almost half a century after that, showing the struggle between the principles of Enlightenment and medieval thought.
Lomonosov standardized the literary genre and language, and changed the syllabic style to syllable and accented poems that were more suitable for the characteristics of the Russian language, which contributed to the formation of a unified Russian national culture and the development of poetry. In classical literature, satire grew faster. In the 50s, satirical allegorical poems and comedies reappeared.
Mid-to-late 19th century: Aesthetic poetry and ** appeared.
In Russian literature, the more famous ones are Tolstoy's romantic poetry and **, Fett's (1820-1892) and Druzhnin's (1824-1864) aesthetic poetry and **, etc., but their achievements and influences are far from being comparable with realism.
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All the works of Tolstoy are worth it.
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Tolstoy! Tolstoy!
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Dosfuevsky Tolstoy.
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Dostoevsky's "The Insulted and the Damaged", "The Brothers Karamazov".
Bulgakov's The Master and Margaret
Pasternak's "Doctor Zhivago".
s. a.Alexievich's "The Sorrow of Chernobyl".
If it can also be counted as Russian, Nabokov's "Lolita".
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A classic of classics.
Crime and punishment are the quiet Don River.
Anna Karenina.
Chekhov's short story**.
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1. Hunter's Notes.
2. Anna Karenina.
3. Resurrection. 4. War and peace.
5. The Karamazov brothers.
6. Childhood. 7. How steel is made.
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Rus' literature, especially Russian literature before World War II and in the 19th century, is one of the most important in the world, in terms of the ideas in which it operates, the questions it raises, and the analysis of human life as an individual and society that interacts with the world. Russian literature of the 19th century was known for the realist current, championed by Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, but also by other writers. I think it's worth reading these literary works,1 "The Brothers Karamazov" 2 "Tales of the House of the Dead" "The Devil" 4 "Notes on the Underground".
I think that if you want to understand the human mind and the problems that exist, you have to read it.
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Childhood, how steel is made, resurrection.
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"How Steel is Made".
It's very good, my machine was bought in Suning, it's been used for almost 3 years, and there has been no problem, it's best to catch up with them when they have ** activities, and there will be a lot of discounts. If you have friends there, you should be able to have a *** or more supporting things for you, which is great.
Both in the show and in private relationships are very good. >>>More
Since the reform and opening up, the major of Chinese language and literature has made rapid progress, and at present, almost all comprehensive universities and professional colleges have set up majors in Chinese language and literature in the Chinese Chinese departments and related departments, among which the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Peking University, the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Chinese of Renmin University of Chinese, the Department of Chinese Chinese Language and Literature of Tsinghua University, the Department of Chinese and Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing Normal University, the Department of Chinese of Capital Normal University, the Department of Chinese and Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing Second Foreign Chinese University, and the Department of Language and Literature of the School of Culture of Beijing Language and Culture University are the most famous. In the Chinese and related departments of the above institutions, many have also opened master's and doctoral programs, taking the Chinese department of Peking University as an example, there are 2 research institutes, 2 research centers, 2 national key teaching and research bases, 5 national key disciplines, 7 doctoral programs, 11 master's programs, and 1 postdoctoral program. In terms of faculty, there are 126 teaching staff, including 51 professors, 39 teachers with doctoral degrees, and 58 teachers under the age of 45, and over the past decades, a large number of outstanding talents have been cultivated for the country (more than 6,000 undergraduates, more than 1,000 master's students, and more than 300 doctoral students). >>>More
Suzhou University Driving School is in the North Campus of Soochow University, easy to learn to drive, elegant environment, the reputation of the coaches is not very good, but after the efforts of the management of the driving school, the coaching team has been reborn, all the new coaches, the old coaches of the previous school have all returned to the school, therefore, the current Suzhou University Driving School has a good service attitude, high teaching level, no random charges, is constantly changing the corporate image, and the pass rate of the test is also improving.
I just feel that there is a lack of rhythm, and it is difficult to start first. It's still in the wind, but it's barely in the wind. It's a large group lineup, and you can push it once at a time, and then play money, and then push it down or take Roshan again, or it depends on it. There's so much to think about in the game.