What are the classifications of test and measurement instruments?

Measuring instruments are third-party standards required to measure certain property values of the target, and measuring instruments generally have scales, volumes, and other units. The common types of measuring instruments are: 1. Electronic measuring instruments; 2. ACG, ACG is also known as imager, image measuring instrument, two-dimensional image measuring instrument, etc., automatic image measuring instrument; 3. Coordinate measuring instrument, which is classified into three types according to the operation mode: manual, motor driven and CNC.

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Classification and application of commonly used electronic measuring instruments.

1.Oscillograph.

An oscilloscope is an electronic instrument that measures the voltage waveform, which can display the law of the measured voltage signal with time. The oscilloscope can not only visually and visually observe the changes of the measured physical quantity, but also measure voltage and current, compare frequency and phase, and depict characteristic curves through the waveform it displays.

2.Signal generators.

Signal generators, including function generators, provide a signal source for overhauling and commissioning electronic equipment and instruments. It is an oscillator that produces a certain waveform, frequency, and amplitude. For example, sine waves, square waves, triangular waves, oblique waves, and rectangular pulse waves are generated.

3.Transistor Characterization Diagram.

A transistor characteristic grapher is a specialized oscilloscope that can directly observe various transistor characteristic curves and curved clusters. For example, the input, output characteristics and feedback characteristics of transistor co-injection, co-base and co-set connections; Forward and reverse characteristics of diodes; Regulator or Zener characteristics of the regulator tube; It can measure the breakdown voltage, saturation current, self or a parameters of the transistor, etc.

4.Infrared tester.

Infrared tester is a non-contact temperature measuring instrument, which includes optical system and electronic circuits, and achieves the purpose of indication, display and control after modulating and linearizing the information. At present, there are two kinds of infrared thermometers, photon thermometers and thermal thermometers, which are mainly used for temperature measurement and control occasions such as electric furnaces, crops, railway rails, deep underground ultra-high voltage cable joints, fire protection, gas analysis, laser reception, etc.

5.Integrated circuit tester.

This kind of instrument can test the functions and parameters of TI1, PM0S, and CM0S digital integrated circuits, and can also determine the chip model of the erased word and the functional test and state test of the integrated circuit.

Parametric tester.

The inductance, capacitance, and resistance parameter measuring instrument can not only automatically judge the properties of the component, but also display the symbol graphic and display its value. It can also measure parameters such as Q, D, Z, LP, LS, CP, CS, KP, KS, etc., and display equivalent circuit patterns.

7.Spectrum analyzer.

Spectrum analyzers have a wide range of applications in frequency domain signal analysis, testing, research, and maintenance. It can measure the amplitude and frequency of signals at the same time, test and compare multiple signals and analyze the composition of signals. It can also test the signals of the phone's logic and RF circuits.

For example: control signals and baseband signals of logic circuits, local oscillator signals, intermediate frequency signals, and transmission signals of RF circuits.

In addition to the above commonly used electronic measuring instruments, there are also time measuring instruments, bridges, phase meters, dynamic analyzers, optical measuring instruments, strain gauges, flow meters, etc.

Measuring instruments include theodolite, level, flat instrument, electromagnetic wave rangefinder, gyro-theodolite, laser measuring instrument, hydrostatic level, etc.

The basic content of the concept of measuring instruments includes: accuracy, error, measurement standard equipment, length measurement, angle measurement, shape measurement, and traditional optical instruments. applications in precision measurement, etc.

There are two kinds of measuring instruments: contact test and optical test measurement (the most used) Contact test: general measuring tools and 3D measuring tools (coordinate measuring machine is also called three-dimensional) three-dimensional measuring machine, which can measure many complex space dimensions: such as molds and automotive products.

The theodolite is the main goniometric instrument in the surveying work.

1. The theodolite is composed of a alignment part, a horizontal reading plate and a base.

2. The role of each part of the theodolite.

1) Alignment part braking spiral: fix the alignment part so that it can not move in the horizontal direction Alignment part micro motion spiral: make the alignment part make a slight rotation in the horizontal direction, so as to accurately align the target.

2) Telescope braking spiral: braking the telescope so that the telescope cannot rotate in the vertical direction.

3) Telescope micro-motion spiral: make the telescope rotate slightly in the vertical direction.

4) Vertical plate indicator horizontal tube micro spiral: adjust to make the vertical plate indicator in the correct position.

5) Shaft seat fixed spiral: fixed alignment part.

Pointer ammeter, voltmeter, power meter, digital power meter, power quality power analyzer, standard power source, frequency meter, phase meter, leakage current measuring instrument, clamp meter, electronic load, three-meter calibrator, clamp meter calibrator, electric measuring instrument multi-function detection device, variable frequency power supply, transformer test system, electronic ballast test system, RTU verification device, RCD tester, magneto, relay protection tester, leakage protection tester, battery test system, transmitter, Household appliances production testing line and other electrical parameter measurement equipment, digital multimeter, multi-function standard source, acidity meter verifier, etc.

Standard resistance, standard battery, DC bridge, potentiometer, DC resistance box, voltage divider box, high resistance box, wire tester, ultra-high resistance meter, loop resistance tester, electrostatic belt tester, surface resistance tester, wood tester, shunt, current sensor, ground network tester, battery performance tester, etc.

High Voltage Voltmeter, Electrostatic Voltmeter, Withstand Voltage Tester Calibrator, Withstand Voltage Tester, Current Calibrator, Withstand Voltage Tester, High Voltage Console, Test Transformer, Pulse High Voltage Tester, High Voltage Discharge Tester, DC High Voltage Generator, Oil Withstand Voltage Tester, Shoe Withstand Voltage Tester, Flashover Breakdown Tester, Withstand Voltage Tester, Spark Tester, Electrostatic Tester, Electric Test Rod, Insulating Rod, Insulating Gloves, Insulating Boots. There is a transformer verification device, which can detect: current transformer, voltage transformer, transformer calibrator, transformer load box, high-voltage power metering box, low-voltage power metering box, transformer ratio bridge, variable turn number calibrator, coil measuring instrument, etc.

Gauge Block, Gauge Block Accessories, Level, Standard Flat Crystal, Flat Crystal, Parallel Flat Crystal, Plane Equal Thickness Interferometer, Platform Plate, Knife Edge Ruler, Knife Edge Right Ruler, Triangular Ruler, Quadrangular Ruler, Flat Ruler, Rectangular Ruler, Square Box, Grinding Flat Ruler, Filter, Angle Block, Angle Gauge, Combination Angle Gauge, Angle Ruler, Angle Gauge, Protractor, Sine Gauge, Rectangular Ruler, Goniometer, Multi-Sided Prism, Multi-Tooth Indexing Table, Indexing Head, Collimator, Level Tester, Level Zero Detector, Level, Optical Quadrant, Surface Roughness Sample, Marking Sample, Roughness (Contour) Meter, Three Needles, Inductance Comparator, Oblique Block Micrometer Inspector, Caliper Corrector, Depth Gauge Corrector, Internal Micrometer Corrector, Height Gauge, Step Gauge, Altimeter, Altimeter (Quadratic Element), Scraper Fineness Meter, V-Frame, Engineering Quality Tester.

There are many types of measuring instruments, for example, we can have a mage like that kind of song, even if it is a measuring instrument. For example, the measuring cup and measuring cylinder, these are also counted. And there are a lot of these more advanced ones, including electronics now.

There are many instruments for measurement, such as weight distance. Temperature, humidity are all measures that need to be measured, as well as capacity, dissolution will be used rulers, scales, scales and other measuring instruments.

There are so many measuring instruments.

There is a thermometer to measure the temperature; altimeter for measuring height;

level of measurement;

a direction finder that measures the direction;

Measuring distances, analyzing spectra, analyzing chemical compositions, ......Wait a minute.

level, theodolite, infrared level, etc.

Commonly used engineering measuring instruments are:

1. The level, it is to provide a horizontal line of sight for the level measurement and read the level scale, the main function is to measure the height difference between two points, measure the elevation, use the principle of line-of-sight measurement, and also measure the horizontal distance between the two points.

2. Theodolite is to measure the horizontal angle and vertical angle, the main function is to measure the horizontal angle and vertical angle between the two directions, with the help of the level, the use of the line-of-sight measurement principle, but also to measure the horizontal distance and height difference between the two points.

3. Total station, once the total station is observed on the side station, the necessary observation data such as oblique distance, vertical angle and horizontal angle can be automatically displayed, and the coordinates and elevation of the horizontal distance, height difference and point can be obtained at the same time. If the data terminal collected by the total station field is connected with the computer and plotter through the transmission interface, and the data processing software and drawing software are matched, the mapping automation can be realized. The total station is generally used for site coordinate measurement and design of large-scale projects and positioning and detail measurement of complex projects.

There are 12 measurement methods, which are direct measurement, indirect measurement, absolute measurement, relative measurement, contact measurement, non-contact measurement, single measurement, comprehensive measurement, active measurement, passive measurement, static measurement, and dynamic measurement. The measurement method refers to the synthesis of the measurement principle, measuring instruments and measurement conditions used in the measurement, that is, the method of obtaining the measurement results.

For example, measuring the shaft diameter with a micrometer is a direct measurement method, and measuring the cone angle of a cone with a sinusoidal ruler is an indirect measurement method. In the International System of Units, there are three basic units in physics, namely the length meter (l), the time second (s), and the mass kilogram (kg). Units in all other physics can be represented or derived in these three basic units.

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Measuring instruments: stopwatch, ammeter, voltmeter, resistance meter, spring dynamometer, barometer, micro piezometer, thermometer, tray balance, energy meter, electric pen ......

Physical experiments: the causes of sound, the characteristics of liquid pressure, the factors that affect how much electrical heat is generated by conductors, ......

Instance. The deformation or change of motion of an object can prove that some objects are subjected to a force; The Magdeburg hemispheric experiment proves the existence of atmospheric pressure; The appearance of fog can prove that the air contains water vapor; The formation of shadows can prove that the loss of light travels in a straight line; The phenomenon of a lunar eclipse proves that the moon is not a source of light; The Oersted experiment proves the existence of a magnetic field around an electric current; The compass compass north can prove the existence of a bright geomagnetic field; The phenomenon of diffusion proves that molecules move randomly; The lead block experiment can prove that there is a gravitational force between molecules; The fact that a moving object can do work externally proves that it has energy; The magnetic strength of the electromagnet can be shown by the number of electromagnets attracting iron nails; It can be explained by the bounce of the ping pong ball caused by the tuning fork that everything is vibrating with the sound emitter.

The common types of measuring instruments include electronic measuring instruments, two-dimensional imagers, three-coordinate measuring instruments, etc. Among them, the two-dimensional image meter includes a manual image measuring instrument and an automatic image measuring instrument. There are three types of CMMs: manual, motor-driven and CNC.

The measuring instrument is the third standard required to obtain the value of certain properties of the target, which generally has scales, volumes, and other units.

The basic content of the concept of measuring instruments includes: accuracy, error, measurement standard equipment, length measurement, angle measurement, shape measurement, and traditional optical instruments.

The measuring instruments include contact test and optical test measurement, among which the contact test is the most. For example, CMMs can measure many complex space dimensions, such as molds and automotive products.