How to distinguish primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, urgent!

1. There are 2 hydrogen on the carbon atom attached to the hydroxyl group as primary alcohols, and the structure is simply r-ch -oh.

2. Secondary alcohol is an alcohol with two carbons (or substituents) attached to the carbon (i.e., hydroxyl carbon) where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is located, that is, R1-CH(R)-OH.

3. The tertiary alcohol is an alcohol with three substituents at the position of the hydroxyl group, namely R1-C(R)(R)-OH (no -H alcohol), the alcohol hydroxyl group cannot be oxidized, and the tertiary alcohol can oxidize with oxygen.

There are 2 hydrogens on the carbon atom adjacent to the hydroxyl group as primary alcohols.

There is 1 hydrogen as a secondary alcohol.

There are 0 hydrogen for tertiary alcohol.

In the chemical reaction, primary alcohols become aldehydes, acids, secondary alcohols become ketones, and tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized.

Lucas reagent can also be used.

The carbon connected to OH is a primary alcohol if it is connected with two Hs, if it is connected with only one H, it is a secondary alcohol, and if it is not connected to H, it is a tertiary alcohol.

Do you know what are the classifications of alcohols?

Primary alcohols refer to the carbon atoms attached to the hydroxyl group with 2 hydrogens on them, and the structure is simply R-CH2-OH. Secondary alcohol is an alcohol with two carbons (or substituents) attached to the carbon (i.e., hydroxyl carbon) where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is located, i.e., R1-CH(R2)-OH. Tertiary alcohols are alcohols with three substituents at the position of the hydroxyl group, i.e., R1-C(R2)(R3)-OH (alcohols without -H).

The differences between them are as follows:

1. The chemical structure is different. There are 2 hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom linked to the hydroxyl group of primary alcohol, and the structure of primary alcohol is R-CH2-OH. Secondary alcohol is a carbon group where the hydroxyl group is located with two atoms, namely R1-CH(R2)-OH; Tertiary alcohol (is an alcohol with three substituents at the location of the hydroxyl group, i.e., R1-C(R2)(R3)-OH.

2. Different chemical properties. The hydroxyl group on the tertiary alcohol is the most active and prone to substitution reaction, followed by secondary alcohol, and primary alcohol is the least active.

3. Hydroxyl substitutes are different in alkalinity. Primary alcohol hydroxyl substituents are the most alkaline, secondary alcohols are secondary, and tertiary alcohols are the weakest.

1. With Lucas reagent (concentrated HCL ZNCL2), the primary alcohol has no reaction, it is turbid after heating, the secondary alcohol is turbid after a few minutes, and the tertiary alcohol is immediately turbid.

2. The three alcohols can also be oxidized with oxygen first, and then the products can be tested separately. After oxidation, primary alcohols become aldehydes, acids, secondary alcohols become ketones, and tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized.

There are 2 hydrogens on the carbon atom adjacent to the hydrocarbon group as primary alcohols.

The structural formula is R-CH2-OH

There is 1 hydrogen as a secondary alcohol.

The structural formula is R1-CH(R2)-OH

There are 0 hydrogen for tertiary alcohol.

The structural formula is R1-C(R2)(R3)-OH

r,r1 denotes hydrocarbon group or hydrogen.

R2, R3 denote hydrocarbon groups.

Oxidized with Lucas reagent, primary alcohols become aldehydes, acids, secondary alcohols become ketones, tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized--- primary alcohols refer to -CH2-OH secondary alcohols refer to the hydroxyl group of the ortho-carbon with one hydrogen on the tertiary alcohol, which means that there is no hydrogen on the ortho-carbon.