What type of nuclei can be fissioned and fused

Any atom can be nuclear fusion. Any atom except hydrogen can be nuclear fission.

Nuclei that are lighter than iron (excluding iron) can release energy when they fuse into nuclei that are not heavier than iron (which can contain iron). For example, hydrogen fusion into helium, carbon + oxygen fusion into iron, etc., can release energy. Conversely, the fission of these nuclei requires the absorption of energy (e.g., helium fission into hydrogen, iron fission into carbon and oxygen, etc.).

Energy can be released when a nucleus heavier than iron is fissioned into a nucleus that is not lighter than iron, such as uranium fission, and cobalt fission into iron can also release energy. Similarly, when iron fuses into a heavier element than iron, it needs to absorb energy (which often comes from supernova explosions).

Nuclear reactions are also reversible, e.g. the energy released by hydrogen fusion into helium is equal to the amount of energy that helium fission into hydrogen needs to absorb. During a star's life cycle, when the core fuses to iron, the fusion of iron can no longer produce energy, causing the star's core to collapse, triggering a supernova explosion. In a supernova explosion, the star injects more energy into the iron core, causing the iron atoms to fuse into elements heavier than iron (such as gold, platinum, and uranium).

Therefore, it can be said that the energy produced by the world's nuclear power plants (nuclear fuel) actually comes from the energy injected into the iron nucleus by supernovas billions of years ago, and it is this energy that makes the iron fusion into the nuclear fuel needed by nuclear power plants today.

Atoms with a large mass can fission, and atoms with a small mass can fuse. The specific basis is the magnitude of the specific binding energy.

Applications for nuclear fission include nuclear power plants and atomic bombs; Applications for nuclear fusion include hydrogen bombs.

First, the application of nuclear fission, nuclear power plants and atomic bombs are the two major applications of nuclear fission energy, and the difference between the two mechanisms mainly lies in whether the chain reaction speed is controlled. The key equipment of a nuclear power plant is the nuclear reactor, which is equivalent to the boiler of a thermal power station, where the controlled chain reaction takes place. There are various types of nuclear reactors, which can be divided into the following according to the neutron energy that causes fission

Hot neutron reactors and fast neutron reactors.

The energy of thermal neutrons is around electron volts) and the energy of fast neutrons is around 2EV on average. The operation is a thermal neutron reactor, in which a moderator is required to moderate fast neutrons into hot neutrons by their atoms colliding with neutrons. Moderators are water, heavy water or graphite.

There is also a heat-carrying coolant in the reactor, which includes water, heavy water and helium. According to the different moderators and coolants and fuels, thermal neutron reactors can be divided into light water reactors, heavy water reactors and graphite water cooled reactors, and light water reactors are divided into pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors.

Second, the application of nuclear fusion, the application of nuclear fusion is mainly inertial confinement fusion hydrogen bomb, hydrogen bomb is an artificially realized, uncontrollable thermonuclear reaction, and it is also the only way to obtain fusion energy on a large scale by artificial methods on the earth so far, but it must be ignited by fission, so it is essentially a mixture of fission and fusion, and the fission energy and fusion energy in the total energy are roughly equal.

Nuclear fission is the fission of heavy nuclei into small nuclear elements, such as nuclear power plants or YZD** is the fission of uranium, plutonium, etc.; Nuclear fusion is the fusion of light nuclei to form heavy nuclei, such as the reaction that occurs on the sun, hydrogen fusion to produce helium, qd**, etc.

Atomic DAN is nuclear fission, and hydrogen DAN is nuclear fusion.