When Shang Ying changed the law, why did fathers, sons and brothers live in the same house?

The reform of Shang Ying included a series of measures such as "abandoning well fields", "emphasizing agriculture and mulberry", and "awarding military merits", which were respectively from top to bottom, from the inside to the outside, from light to heavy, and rectified the Qin State with a fierce medicine to eliminate the disease. Although Shang Ying's practice threatened the interests of some strata of the Qin State, as far as the overall situation is concerned, Shang Ying's practice is very correct.

In Shang Ying's reform decree, we will mainly talk about the "household separation system" that he strictly ordered to be adopted. As we have said above, there are two stages in the reform of the Shang Dynasty, and this so-called "household separation system" exists in the second stage of the reform of the Shang Dynasty.

In the second reform, Shang Ying took measures to enforce it by law in order to change the remaining Rongdi customs in the Qin state, that is, a large family living together. In his decree, he stated that "fathers, sons and brothers are forbidden to live in the same room".

The implementation of this decree was actually the beginning of the small family system from another point of view. Because in the division of the Warring States, Qin is the west of the vassal states, and it is also a country closer to Rong Di, it is precisely because of the water with Rong Di that the Qin State maintains the military and warlike customs, but also because of the water with a strip of water, it has led to the lack of development in all aspects of the Qin State except for the military. Therefore, Shang Ying's reform of the old customs of Rong Di this time has two meaningsThe first meaning is to help the Qin State get out of the primitive way of life, which is equivalent to China moving from a feudal society to a democratic society, but because Rong Di's life in the Qin State is deeply rooted, Shang Ying found a breakthrough from another specific aspect.

The second significance of Shang Ying's implementation of the "household separation system" is that the original family head was changed to a small family residence. This practice is "drunkards do not mean to drink", because Shang Ying wanted to bring them out and catch them from the original backward Rongdi way of life from their most fundamental way of life. Because the cultural customs are subtle, and far-reaching and long-lasting, so the formation of a living environment is formed by the accumulation of time and habits, and if the Shang Dynasty wants to strengthen the Qin State, they must be driven out of the previous way of life to carry out a new way of life, and in the way of reform closest to the people, to send a signal to the entire Qin State, this signal is "I Shang Yang want to carry out a thorough reform of the Qin State".

The reason why Shang Ying forbade fathers and sons to live in the same house was mainly to increase taxes, rectify customs, and increase the number of labor and conscription, so as to strengthen the rule of society. During the Qin Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty was very powerful, allowing one country to gradually swallow up other countries, and it was transformed economically and politically. The reason why the Qin state was strong was not only that it had a strong army, but also that it was successful in the Shang Dynasty.

The reason why the Shang Yang reform was successful was that it had some systems, such as the Shang Yang reform prohibiting fathers, sons and brothers from living in the same house, and then we will talk about its benefits.

The Shang Dynasty changed the law to prohibit fathers and sons from living in the same house, and the reason why this was done was to increase taxes for large households to become small households. At the time when the Shang Dynasty reform had not been carried out, there were many large families in the Qin State, and they all hid their household registration, which caused the phenomenon of evading military service and walnut taxes, and such large families had a lot of money, and they could achieve their goals by bribery. It can greatly increase the money of the state treasury.

The Shang Dynasty Reform Law forbade fathers and sons to live in the same house, which was conducive to increasing the number of forced labor and conscription. At the time of the Shang Dynasty reform, a family only needed to send a man over 17 years old to participate in fixed labor service or military service, but now that fathers, sons and brothers can not live together, there are more and more households, so the number of men who can participate in labor service and conscription is also increasing, which makes the military power of the Qin State gradually increase, and some infrastructure construction is completed. Lay a solid foundation for them to be able to unify the six countries.

The Shang Dynasty Law stipulates that after the age of 17, fathers and sons are forbidden to live in the same house, first of all, this provision represents the progress of Qin civilization, and secondly, after the separation of the family, the household registration can be increased, which will increase the country's tax revenue, which will help the country expand the source of tax and soldiersIn addition, after the division of households, the threat of clan power to the state can be reduced, because in this way, the clan power will be divided, so that no clan can compete with the state anymore.

In addition, after the division of households, everyone's enthusiasm can be mobilized, and there will be no more interdependence, which will also promote the development of society and the progress of production, which can be said to have benefited the Qin Dynasty a lotWhen it comes to Shang Ying, I think many people should know that he is also a great man, and he has brought a lot of contributions to the Qin State, but his ending is a bit tragic, Shang Ying was killed by a car split, there is no corpse, very desolate, and the car crack is also a very cruel and painful punishment, for the Qin State to be cautious, but in the end it ended up like this.

Qin was located at the intersection of Huaxia and Rongdi, and it fought a century-long war with Xirong, and finally won the victory, annexing many small states in Xirong, but it was precisely because of this that Qin retained a large number of backward cultures of Rongdi."Father and son are indistinguishable, living in the same room" is the bad habit left by Rong Di, and this provision of the Shang Dynasty reform law completely abolished this bad habit, which not only marked the progress of the Qin state, but also re-produced a new civilization.

And this regulation has indeed brought very good results to the Qin State, the people are full of enthusiasm, and there are fewer people who are lazy and lazyThe country has also become richer, more prosperous and prosperous, it can be said that without the Shang Dynasty reform, there would be no prosperity of the Qin State, and the most important thing is that this provision can also prevent tax evasion.

During the Qin period, Shang Ying persuaded Qin Xiaogong to implement law changes in the country, and successively issued orders that "if the people have more than two men and no differences, they will be given double their endowment", and "it is forbidden for the people, fathers, sons, and brothers to rest in the same room". Therefore, when Shang Ying changed the law, it was forbidden for fathers, sons and brothers to live in the same house, this statement isReally。Reasons include:

The division of the family increases the number of households, which can increase the payment of taxes; Divide clans into small family units and strengthen state management; It is conducive to the promotion of administrative orders and the cultivation of a good social atmosphere

Shang Yang is famous in the history of the Qin State and even in the history of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. A large part of the reason is that the implementation of the law during the reign of Qin Xiaogong made the Qin state a strong and Johnson state. So, why did Shang Ying prohibit fathers, sons, and brothers from living in the same house when the law was changed?

The reasons include the following:

First, the division of the family has increased the household registration, which can increase the tax

During the Warring States period, taxes were not collected per capita, but on the basis of household registration. Prohibiting fathers, sons, and brothers from living in the same house is a disguised increase in the number of household registrations, which can fundamentally open up sources for taxation.

2. Divide clans into small family units and strengthen state management

The clan power is too large, and it is easy to form a group, forming a secession regime and power on one side, which can be seen from the Jin State divided into three parts of the world, and the division of the clan into small family units will undoubtedly strangle this kind of sprout in the cradle, so that it cannot rebel.

Third, it is conducive to the promotion of administrative orders and the cultivation of a good social atmosphere

The formation of a family-based management policy is more conducive to the state's administrative decrees, so that the decrees can effectively reach the localities, on the one hand, it can achieve high efficiency, and on the other hand, it promotes the civilization of the people, which is conducive to the implementation of the monogamous system in the Qin State and the cultivation of a good social atmosphere.

Shang Ying's reform played a fruitful role and laid the foundation for the unification of the six kingdoms of Qin. It's just a pity that he was later suspected by King Qin Huiwen and died by a car.

The Shang Dynasty reform can be described as a very successful reform in history, which also transformed the Qin state from a weak country into a country that the six states of Shandong did not dare to despise. However, there are some rules in the Shang Dynasty that are very strange: after a certain age, fathers and sons cannot live together, mainly due to the following considerations.

First of all, to prevent the common people from fighting. The state of Qin is located in a remote area in the northwest, and the folk customs are particularly strong. Before Shang Ying came here, there were often fights due to friction.

It is precisely because of the habit of getting together to live together that both sides can gather a large number of young adults to fight. At that time, there were many people who died as a result of fighting.

In order to put an end to civil brawls, Shang Ying not only explicitly prohibited brawls, but also proposed that the men of a large family should be separated. In this way, large families are divided into small families, and each family is busy with its own affairs, and in addition to the long distance, it is more difficult to organize large-scale battles.

The second is to better enforce political orders. In the past, when families got together, when a new policy was issued, there was often a collective resistance from the family. The members of the family often obey the orders of the elders in the family, which also leads to the poor passage of the orders issued by **.

The Shang Dynasty implemented a small family system, where clan ties were broken, and separate families were often made up of husband and wife, so that they could no longer ignore the law.

The last point is for fiscal taxation. At that time, the taxes of the Qin Dynasty were collected according to the head of the household, and if there was only one man in a household, then the tax collected was one. However, a family with two laborers still only needs to pay one tax, which is obviously tax evasion in the eyes of the rulers.

So starting from Shang Ying, a family can live with two men, but the tax has to be doubled.

The Shang Dynasty stipulates that fathers, sons and brothers are prohibited from living in the same house in the Shang Dynasty Reform Law, which is actually due to many considerations. There are political factors, but also economic factors.

First of all, such a provision of Shang Yang is suitable for the tax system of the Qin Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty's tax payment method went through many changes, and finally chose to collect taxes according to households. By way of separation,It can help the Qin State pay more taxes and increase the financial resources of the Qin State.

In addition, the Qin State was able to greatly improve labor productivity by dividing households.

With men as the core of the family, families with a large number of men live separately and support their own families。Then more men will be put into production, which is very conducive to promoting the economic development of the Qin Dynasty. In addition, through the method of household separation, it will be conducive to the state's management of the people, and the gradually growing big family is difficult to control.

The small family is more convenient for the country to manage. Shang Ying's purpose is to let the people form a small familyKnowledge, which will also reduce the pressure on the parents of the extended family.

Another reason is that through the way of separation, it is conducive to increasing the population of society. And for ancient societies, people were very important. The way of the extended family is not conducive to population growth, and the system of sub-households can be the population expenditure of the Qin Dynasty.

Reserve talents for national developmentAnd in such an era of frequent wars, conscription was very frequent. The growth of the population is conducive to the expansion of the armed forces and the enhancement of a country's military strength.

Therefore, the Shang Dynasty Reform Law stipulates that fathers, sons and brothers are prohibited from living in the same house, which is due to many considerations, and in modern view, the advantages of the Shang Dynasty Reform Law still outweigh the disadvantagesAt least this provision was largely beneficial to the development of the Qin state.

Parents and children are harmonious and fraternal, and children are brothers and sisters, which is extremely undesirable in Shang Ying's view, so in order to break this most solid social force, it is necessary to eliminate the relationship between parents, children, and brothers of the common people by law, so that they can isolate each other.

The prohibition of fathers and sons from living in the same house is actually due to many considerations. There are political factors, but also economic factors.

It is because Shang Ying thinks that the father and son are all men, and it is very easy to quarrel with the blood and blood, and living in the same house will also cause a kind of doting on the child.

It is because he is afraid that there will be some conflicts between them, which will lead to family infighting, which will make the family perish.

This can reduce the internal friction of the same clan and the internal friction of the state, and at the same time, it can also increase the tax revenue of the Qin state.

Fathers, sons, and brothers all need to be independent of each other in order to make their families flourish everywhere and promote their prosperity.

Because such a provision put forward by Shang Ying, in terms of the law at that time, it was the household separation system, and this household division system is what we now call the household division, for example, when the children of a certain family grow up, they will separate their household registration and set up their own door, and such a self-supporting family will also have an independent social status. Of course, such a decision made by Shang Ying at that time was not to ensure everyone's independence, but also to political considerations.

If the country's taxes were less, the country would not be rich and the army would not be strong. After the Shang Dynasty changed the law, the statutory tax rate was one-fifth, namely. The income of each household shall be turned over to the state.

In addition to this, there is military service, hard labor, and other military service that is carried out by the people. Although there are many generations of the same family, they are taxed according to the normal income of a family, which will lead to tax evasion by investing in the whole population. After the Shang Dynasty reform, men and women had to marry within a certain age and then separate.

In the pre-Qin era, the power of the clans was very strong, and it was strictly forbidden for generations to live together without separation, which greatly increased productivity and increased the country's tax revenue. The same surname often lives in the same village, forming its own system. A village or several villages have the same surname.

The affairs of these villages were managed by powerful elders. They had the right to reward and punish the people for their survival, and the existence of clans, like the local emperors, often led to large-scale internal struggles, that is, for the struggle for land and water, these clans often organized private conflicts between entire clans and other clans. Such private conflicts create serious social security problems.

The hatred in the hearts of the Qin people was strong, and thousands of people died in private fights every year.