Is labor a product of labor? 5

No, because that's the official definition.

The product of labor refers to the social product created by human labor.

Labor force refers to the population with the ability to work (I directly gave a narrow definition of labor force based on your question).

So the population is a product, you can't talk about it like that, it's not the same thing.

Commodities must be products of labor, yes, all commodities are produced by human processing, so they are all products of labor.

The commodity of labor actually refers to the surplus value and labor value of human beings, which involves another concept, that is, Marxist political economy.

The theory of surplus value.

Let's take it briefly, the theory of surplus value probably says that after people work, for example, I make a piece of soap, which costs one dollar, and can be sold for two dollars and fives, and these two dollars and five yuan are reduced from the cost of one dollar, and the remaining piece is five.

It is the income of my labor, but when your factory actually pays wages, it does not give me all these five cents, but gives me five cents for each piece, and the remaining piece is earned by the factory director, which is unreasonable, and the factory director is squeezing the surplus value of the workers.

But in fact, this thing, I can't say wrong, I don't agree very much, you count the cost of labor, don't you count capital? If the factory director does not invest capital.

This question seems to be the logic of a syllogism, pay attention to the scope of the concepts mentioned in it, and you can infer whether the syllogism is valid or not.

The commodity of labor is an important category of Marxist political economy. Marx's judgment on the particularity of labor commodities laid a scientific foundation for the theory of surplus value and the theory of labor value. A comprehensive understanding of the particularity of labor commodities is of great theoretical significance and practical value for a comprehensive and accurate understanding of Marxist economic theory and for correctly understanding and scientifically managing and utilizing labor as a factor of production.

Labor commodities refer to the labor capacity of workers to become commodities.

It must meet two conditions: first, the owner of the labor force is a "free man" who can freely dispose of the labor force; Secondly, he had to have nothing but his own labor and had to sell it for a living.

Extended Materials. Labor is a commodity. It has the same use value and value as other goods.

The value of the commodity of labour is determined by the socially necessary labour time for the production and reproduction of the commodity of labour. The socially necessary labor time for the production of labor products can be summarized as the labor time necessary for the production of the means of subsistence, including the value of three parts:

the value of the means of subsistence necessary for the maintenance of the reproduction of the labour force;

The value of the means of subsistence necessary for the worker to raise his children is used to continue the supply of labor;

The cost of education and training of workers is used to train a labor force suitable for capitalist reproduction. The determination of the value of labor also includes historical and moral factors.

The use value of labor is the ability of the laborer to produce labor, and the process of its use or consumption is the labor process of the laborer. The use value of a labor commodity is the value of a general commodity. The use of labor can not only create new value, but also create value that is greater than its own value.

When the capitalist buys the product of labor, he is concerned with this special use value of the product of labor. The value of the commodity of labor has a special structure. There is a minimum or minimum of the value of the commodity of labour, which is not the case for other commodities.

The minimum or minimum value of labor power refers to the value of the quantity of commodities in which people cannot renew their life process without it every day, that is, the value of the means of subsistence necessary for life. Body. In general, in most cases, the ** of labor goods should be higher than this minimum**.

The commodity of labor should refer to the ability of the worker to bring value to the recipient in exchange.

Or the effective labor time that the worker uses in exchange.

Its value is determined by the industry in which the worker is engaged and his or her own intellectual and physical strength.

It fluctuates according to the balance between supply and demand in the market.

Migrant workers on the streets, as well as empathetic psychologists in the office, are essentially exchanging their labor goods for equivalent value with customers. It's just that the labor force is forced to accept the ** proposed by the customer, and the customer is forced to accept the ** proposed by the doctor, and the difference is just the balance between supply and demand.

In terms of the scope of things, commodities refer to the products of labor under the premise of satisfying the other two conditions, and the labor rock ruler here refers to undifferentiated human labor.

Under capitalist conditions, labor power is a commodity, valuable or **, and the capitalist buys labor power, not the labor of the workers. Labor is not a commodity, and it has no value or **. Because, first, if labor is a commodity, it must exist independently in materialized form before it can be sold on the market.

If a worker can transform living labor into materialized labor, condense labor in commodities and then sell it, then he is a commodity producer, not a wage worker.

This view is one-sided, first of all, the commodity must be the product of labor, this assertion is correct, the commodity is the condensation of social labor; Secondly, the product of labor is exchanged only as an exchange and in the form of money (of course, there are many forms of money, there are things, there are gold and silver, etc.).

In summary, this view is incomplete.

A valuable product of labor must be a commodity – and rightly so.

The undifferentiated human labor condensed in the commodity forms the value of the commodity. So value can only exist in a commodity.

The product of labor used for exchange is a commodity, which has a use value and value; The product of one's own labor is not a commodity, and has only use value but not value.

A commodity is a product of labor to be exchanged" From the concept we find that in order for an object to be a commodity, two conditions must be satisfied:

First, it must be a product of labor;

Second, it must be for exchange.

Obviously, these two conditions are indispensable.

Commodities are the products of labor that are used and exchanged, and have two attributes: value and use value; Labor creates value, and since it is a product of labor, it must have value. Being able to exchange illustrates value and use value. So this statement is correct.

Labor force represents the benefits brought by labor, and it is the embodiment of different labor forces for different workers. But the value of labor itself is not profitable.

It is the labor force that the worker sells to the capitalist in exchange for money wages. There is a difference between labor power and labor, which is the actual use of human productive forces to change the use value of commodities and increase the value of commodities. The products of labor can be bought and sold as commodities.

However, it is impossible to give a precise meaning to the concept of labour itself, that is, the buying and selling of productive activities. The laborer, who cannot sell the product of his labour, must sell his labour-power, and agrees to expend his labour-power in the interests of the purchaser and at the direction of the purchaser, in exchange for a certain amount of money, i.e., wages.

The characteristics of labor commodities that are different from ordinary commodities are manifested in the following aspects.

1. The attributes of the use value in the process of use are different

The process of using labor commodities is a process of creating value, and labor can create value in the process of use, and can create value greater than its own value.

And the process of using ordinary goods is the process of people's consumption of goods.

2. It has different structural properties

There is a minimum, or minimum, of the value of the commodity of labor.

The minimum or minimum value of labor power refers to the value of the quantity of commodities that the bearer of labor power, that is, the person who does not get it every day, cannot renew its life process, that is, the value of the means of subsistence that are indispensable for the maintenance of the body. ”。

Generally speaking, the ** of labor goods should be higher than this minimum in most cases.

This is not the case for other common goods.

3. It has different constituent attributes:

The composition of the value of the commodity of labor power includes not only the socially necessary labor time required to produce and reproduce labor power, but also a historical and moral factor.

The value of ordinary goods is not affected by these factors.

4. Different forms of exchange:

The exchange of labor goods does not take place without the transfer of ownership.

The owner of the labor force must always sell only a certain amount of labor power, and cannot sell it all at once, otherwise he will become a slave from a free man, from a commodity owner to a commodity, and he will not give up his ownership of it when he transfers his labor power.

The exchange of ordinary commodities inevitably leads to the transfer of ownership.

5. The meaning of the exchange is different:

Labor cannot be sold, the worker is unemployed, not only is its value equal to zero, but for his owner, he will face a cruel oppression of survival.

Ordinary commodities cannot be sold, and they can be temporarily withdrawn from the circulation field, and their value still exists as a commodity inventory.

The two conditions that must be met for labor to become a commodity are: first, the owner of labor is a "free man" who can freely dispose of his labor force; The second is that he must have nothing but his own labor force, and he has to sell his labor power to survive.

Labor is a commodity, and it has use value and value just like other commodities. The value of the commodity of labor is determined by the socially necessary labor time for the production and reproduction of the commodity of labor.

It takes certain socio-economic conditions for labor to become a commodity.

The owner of the labor force has personal freedom and can move freely.

The owners of labor do not own the means of production and cannot create wealth for themselves by independent management and production.

the peculiarities of labor commodities in three aspects;

Peculiarities of the conditions for the formation of the commodity of labor (freedom of life, nothingness) The worker has personal freedom.

The laborers have lost all the means of production and subsistence, have nothing but their own labor power, and must rely on selling their labor power to survive.

peculiarities in the composition of the value of labor commodities;

the value of the necessities of life; (the value of the means of subsistence necessary for the reproduction of the working person), the cost of education and training, historical and moral factors. That is, the composition and quantity of the means of subsistence required by the laborers vary according to the level of socio-economic development and the natural and historical conditions of each country.

The peculiarity of the use value of labor commodities.

The use value of labor is labor, which is characterized by the following:

It is the source of value, and it is the source of value that is greater than its own value. It is the peculiarity of the use value of the commodity of labour power that can create surplus value for its purchaser that is decisive for the capitalist mode of production. The transformation of labor power into a commodity is the prerequisite for the transformation of money into capital, so the necessary condition for resolving the formal contradiction of the general formula of capital is the purchase of labor power, a special commodity.

The generation of surplus value is neither in the field of circulation nor inseparable from the field of circulation.

There are two basic conditions for labor to become a commodity:

1. Laborers are free people who can control their labor power as their own commodities;

2. The laborer has no other commodity to sell, is "free" to nothing, and does not have any material conditions necessary to realize the value of his labor power.

The transformation of labor power into a commodity marks a new stage in the development of simple commodity production to capitalist commodity production. At this stage, the relationship between the capitalist and the worker is formally a relationship of "freedom" and "equality", but in essence it is a capitalist wage-labor relationship.