Introduction to Literature Search? What are the references of literature search papers

Classification Language: Language Subject language.

Word Order Table Subject Heading Change Table Tree Structure Table Sub-Thesaurus CBM Default Field Connotation Chinese Title Abstract Author Keywords Subject Headings and Title Logical Priority Not and or Any Wildcard %

The pubmed database consists of three parts: Medline, In Process Citations, and Publisher-Supplied Citations.

1. All kinds of commonly used literature: monographs (including historical and chronicles in ancient books), collections, newspaper articles, journal articles, degrees, research reports, standards, patents, monographs, precipitated literature in a collection, and other types of literature not specified.

2. Types of electronic literature: databases, computer programs, electronic bulletins.

3. Types of electronic literature on non-paper carriers: online databases, tape databases, CD-ROM books, disk software, online periodicals, and online electronic bulletins.

1. Requirements for the number of literature: the number of citations can not be too little and not too much, the number of references can be reduced by citing the review ** or citing the ** containing the literature review**, and some common sense and general knowledge (such as the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius) can not be cited.

2. New and old literature: The main literature should not be too old, unless it is a pioneering document, an important node literature, or a document whose results you have used.

3. Self-citation and other citation: Don't cite too much of your own literature, and in general, don't just cite the literature of a group of scholars.

4. Original literature and second-hand literature: cite first-hand literature (original literature) as much as possible, that is, cite whose literature is cited when it is working. If you can't find a primary document and need to cite a secondary document, you need to cite it in the form of "see literature (the code of the secondary document or the author's publication year)".

6. Respect for the original meaning of the document: When pointing out the idea or point of view of the document, the meaning of the original text should not be misinterpreted.

Literature search**References include journals, reports, monographs, academics**, etc.

The format of different types of references is also very different, so you must pay more attention when writing references and do not ignore the details. The traditional way to find references is through the library, and library books are the main way to find traditional references.

Journal articles are one of the most common types of literature that students refer to when writing **. Its standard reference annotation specifications are: [serial number] the main responsible person, the title of the document [j], the title of the journal, the year, the volume (issue): the beginning and end page number.

Annotation of references

Collections, monographs, degrees, and reports. The labeling specifications for this type of reference are: [serial number] the main responsible person, the title of the document [document type identification], the place of publication, the publisher, the year of publication, and the page number of the beginning and end (optional).

With the development of science and technology, electronic literature is increasingly used in students' lives. Therefore, the writing of electronic literature is also essential. The annotation specification is:

Serial number] the main responsible person, the title of the electronic literature [identification of the type of electronic literature and carrier], the address of publication or acquisition of the electronic literature, and the date of publication and update Citation date.

Literature retrieval is a method of obtaining literature according to the needs of study and work.

In modern times, literature refers to articles and books with historical value or important library materials related to a certain discipline, and with the development of modern network technology, literature retrieval is more done through computer technology.

Literature distribution law

Patents, standards, archives are managed by the specialized departments of a country, which are the State Patent Office, the State Bureau of Technical Supervision and the State Archives Office, as well as the corresponding agencies in various localities.

Academic** is jointly collected by the National Library of China, the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China and the degree-awarding institution.

Books, periodicals, conference proceedings and reports are mainly provided by the National Documentation Information System.

The National Documentation Information System includes four systems: the Science and Technology Information System, the Library System of the Academy of Social Sciences, the University Library System and the Public Library System.

1. In the vast ocean of knowledge, successful explorers must not only be able to drive the split-early high-speed boat to the predetermined target, but also be able to row a small boat to search calmly; It is necessary not only to master the latest retrieval methods of Internet and electronic resources, but also to learn to use traditional methods to obtain resources from paper books and periodicals.

2. It can expand the field of vision. Marx once likened the use of literature to standing on the shoulders of giants. Possession of literature can broaden the researcher's thinking, deepen the understanding of the problem, and inspire deeper thinking.

Frequent reference to the literature can stand at the forefront of the research field, track the latest research results and methods at home and abroad, and get inspiration from them, find possible answers to solve problems, and make the research topics stand at a higher starting point.

3. Unnecessary repetition can be avoided. One of the basic purposes of literature retrieval is to avoid duplication of work, to avoid repeating problems that others have solved, to avoid repeating mistakes that others have made, to avoid detours, and to improve research efficiency.

The role of literature retrieval in the whole research is even important, and the value of research results is related to the quantity and quality of the literature in possession. Conducting research in the face of a lack of literature and information is often either blind or repetitive at a lower level, which is a waste of people and resources.

Literature information retrieval is a relevance search rather than a definitive search.

Literature retrieval can be based on the process of obtaining literature according to the needs of study and work. In modern times, literature refers to articles and books with historical value or important library materials related to a certain discipline, and with the development of modern network technology, literature retrieval is more done through computer technology.

Literature classification language.

It is a retrieval language that classifies and arranges a large number of concepts that express the content of literature information and the topics of prosecution and solicitation, according to the nature of the discipline to which they belong, and becomes a logical system that basically reflects the classification system of ordinary scientific knowledge, and uses numbers to represent concepts and their positions in the system, and even expresses the relationship between concepts.

The Chinese Library Book Classification Law is the basis of China's book classification method, and the Chinese Library Book Classification Law classifies all knowledge categories"The five-point rule"The collapse is divided into five major divisions. On this basis, a system series consisting of 22 categories has been built.

Literature retrieval (information retrieval) refers to the process of organizing and storing information in a certain way, and finding out the relevant information according to the needs of information users, so its full name is also called "information storage and retrieval", which is information retrieval in a broad sense. Information retrieval in the narrow sense refers only to the second half of the process, that is, the process of finding the required information from the information collection, which is equivalent to what people usually call information search.

Data retrieval is a process or technology that stores selected, collated, and evaluated (identified) data into a certain carrier, and retrieves accurate data from a certain data set according to the user's needs. According to the requirements of the query problem, it is divided into simple search (i.e., single factor search) and comprehensive search (i.e., comprehensive condition search). The technical methods of data retrieval vary depending on how data files are organized.

For sequential structure files, common methods include sequential search, block search, and two-part search. For random-structured files, the direct address method, hash method, etc. are often used. Spatial data retrieval in GIS often involves the comprehensive conditions of the spatial distribution range of the target (administrative area, geographical scope or spatial relationship, etc.) and the type of target attributes (terrain height, slope, land use status, etc.).

Fact retrieval is a type of intelligence retrieval. Fact retrieval in a broad sense includes the retrieval, arithmetic, comparison, and mathematical derivation of numerical data, as well as the retrieval, comparison, deduction, and logical reasoning of non-numerical data (such as facts, concepts, ideas, knowledge, etc.). It requires the retrieval system to be able to not only find out the data or facts that were originally stored in the data (facts) collection, but also be able to deduce, deduce, or create new data or facts from the existing basic data or facts.

For example, the following facts are stored in the system: Li Ming is a student at School A. A School students all learn foreign languages.

If the system is a fact retrieval system, it should be able to ask a user "Does Li Ming learn a foreign language?" "This kind of shirt pie makes problems. Fact retrieval is one of the most complex types of intelligence retrieval.

It requires that the data and facts in the system be stored in or close to natural language. It is necessary to store not only the various data or fact units, but also the semantic and syntactic relationships between the units, as well as various relevant background knowledge. Allows users to ask questions in natural language and be able to answer in natural language.

More importantly, the system must have certain logical reasoning ability and natural language understanding capabilities.