What are the types of lubricants used in automobiles

The lubricants used in automobiles are divided into:

Engine lubricants, also known as internal combustion engine oils, are used for the lubrication of engines and are further divided into two categories: gasoline engine oil and diesel engine oil.

Drivetrain lubricants, also known as vehicle gear oils, are used in manual transmissions of vehicles such as automobiles, tractors, and construction machinery.

and lubrication of transmission mechanisms such as drive cars.

Hydraulic transmission fluids, also known as automatic transmission fluids, are used in modern cars, buses, heavy goods vehicles, and construction vehicles.

Lubrication and control of torque converters and automatic transmissions.

Grease, commonly known as butter, is used in many parts of the automobile drive train, driving system, steering system and so on.

For example, universal joints, ball joints.

pins, hub bearings, etc. lubrication.

Other lubricants, such as graphite, are used for the lubrication of leaf springs.

The role of PVC lubricants is to reduce the friction between the polymer and the device, as well as the internal friction between the polymer molecular chains. The former is called external lubrication, and the latter is called internal lubrication. It has external lubrication such as silicone oil, paraffin, etc., and has internal lubrication such as monoglycerides, stearyl alcohol and esters.

As for metal soaps, it's a bit of both. In addition, it should be noted that the statement of internal and external lubrication is only a habitual name for us, and there is no obvious boundary, some lubricants play different roles in different conditions, such as stearic acid, at low temperature or a small amount, it can play an internal lubricating role, but when the temperature rises or the amount increases, its external lubrication effect gradually prevails, and there is a special case of calcium stearate, which is used alone as an external lubricant, but when it is used in conjunction with hard lead and paraffin, it becomes an internal lubricant to promote plasticization.

In rigid PVC plastics, excess lubricant can lead to a decrease in strength and also affect process operations. Peeling can occur in the case of injectable products, especially in the vicinity of the gate. For injection products, the total dosage of stearic acid and paraffin is generally in parts

Extruded products generally do not exceed 1 part.

In soft product formulations, too much lubricant can cause frosting and affect the strength of the product and the high-frequency welding and printability. Too little lubricant will stick to the roller, and for blown film, too little lubricant will stick to the mold, which is easy to make the plastic coke in the mold. At the same time, in order to improve the stickiness of the blown film, it is advisable to add a small amount of monoglycerides, an internal lubricant.

In the production of PVC soft products, the amount of lubricant added is generally less than 1 part.

Three kinds. They are castor oil-alcohol type, synthetic type, and mineral oil type.

1. Castor oil-alcohol type: It is made of 45%-55% refined castor oil and 55%-45% low carbon alcohol (ethanol or butanol), and is precipitated to obtain a colorless or light yellow clear and transparent liquid, that is, alcohol-type automobile brake fluid. Castor oil plus ethanol is alcohol type No. 1, and castor oil plus butanol is alcohol type No. 3.

The raw materials of alcohol-type brake fluid are easy to obtain, the synthesis process is simple, and the product has good lubricity; The disadvantage is that the boiling point is low and the properties are unstable at low temperatures. Ethanol vapor appears above 45 °C in alcohol type 1, resulting in gas resistance; At -25 °C, castor oil precipitates as a milky white gelatinous substance, and increases with the decrease of temperature, blocking the braking system and making the braking system fail heavily.

2. Synthetic type: made of ether, alcohol, ester and other additives mixed with lubrication, anti-oxidation, anti-rust, anti-rubber swelling and other additives.

3. Mineral oil type: made by adding thickeners and other additives to the refined light diesel oil fraction.

Category 1: Fully synthetic lubricants.

Generally speaking, fully synthetic lubricants*** provide a better driving experience when used. The all-synthetic lubricant provides a smoother cold start, ensuring smooth driving in extreme weather and harsh driving conditions. Fuel savings, oil change intervals are times or longer than ordinary lubricants, and have better fuel economy.

In addition, the cleanliness of the fully synthetic lubricant is superior and the engine block is cleaner, which can effectively extend the life of the engine and reduce the maintenance rate.

The second: semi-synthetic lubricants.

Semi-synthetic lubricating oil is a lubricant made of three international base oils, which is the product purified by hydrofission technology on the basis of mineral oil. It is made from a 4:6 blend of mineral oil and fully synthetic oil.

Semi-synthetic oils are very close to fully synthetic oils in purity, but slightly more expensive than mineral oils, making them an ideal transition product from mineral oils to synthetic oils.

The third: mineral oil.

Mineral oil is extracted from **, that is, after extracting oil and gas, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and heavy oil, the mineral oil base is extracted, and finally asphalt is left. The mineral oil-based color is transparent, with a slight hint of amber, just like salad oil. Usually the cost of mineral oil is very low, but because the mineral oil base is easily oxidized, various imported additives are added, but the service life is still about six months.

Engine – Engine oil is divided into diesel engine oil and gasoline engine oil.

Transmission train - vehicle gear oil for manual transmission and AMT ATF automatic transmission fluid for automatic transmission CVTF continuously variable speed oil for continuously variable transmission.

Brake fluid - also called brake fluid with dot3 dot4 antifreeze - specifications according to the freezing point, according to the low temperature degree and the working conditions of the car to divide the freezing point and light and heavy load.

There is also the use of grease, and construction vehicles may use hydraulic oil.

If it helps you, please be prompt.

There are generally three kinds of lubricating oil for automobiles, one is the commonly used engine oil, the other is the gear oil used for parts, and the third is butter (grease oil used for bearings).

Shell Mobil The latter is more upscale, the former belongs to Volkswagen, and the cost performance is also good.

German Volkswagen Maintenance Group is looking for lubricant suppliers.

It is generally recommended to use general automotive lithium-based grease for general automotive grease, which is suitable for use at various friction points of general automobiles. Wheel bearings are the main grease parts, and 2 grease (southern) is used throughout the year, or 1 grease is used in winter, and 2 grease is used in summer (north). Many users are accustomed to using 3 grease all year round, the consistency of the grease is too large, which will increase the rotational resistance of the hub bearing, and 3 grease is only suitable for use on tropical heavy-duty vehicles.

Wheel bearing grease must be replaced before it can be used until it is severely depleted, stratified or softened, and it is common practice to change the grease during secondary maintenance. When changing the grease, it should be filled reasonably, and no-load lubrication should be used as much as possible.

In addition to the hub bearing, for the lubrication of other parts, the amount of grease should also be appropriate, not the fuller the better. Generally speaking, it is advisable to install only 1 2 2 3 of the free space. For parts with large loads and low sliding speeds, such as automobile leaf springs, graphite calcium-based grease can be used, and graphite is not easy to extrude from the friction surface as a solid lubricant, which can play a long-lasting lubricating role.

Fill grease into each lubrication point in a timely manner according to the provisions of the instruction manual. It is required to inject grease into the water pump bearing, clutch pedal shaft, brake pedal shaft, transmission shaft, front and rear leaf spring pins, steering knuckle kingpins, steering horizontal tie rods, etc. every 20,000km. Try to avoid mixing different greases.

Due to the different chemical composition and properties of various greases, when mixed together, there may be negative effects such as increased oil separation and decreased dropping point.

Even if it is the same type, because the old grease contains a lot of organic acids and impurities, if mixed with the new grease will accelerate its oxidative deterioration. Therefore, when changing the grease, the old grease on the parts must be cleaned and new grease must be added.

It is mainly used in the movable joint part and the wheel shaft part, and what to use should be determined according to the position, and the manual shall prevail.

Automotive Directional Bearing Grease: Formulated with high viscosity index synthetic oil and lithium complex soap base, advanced additives to provide high temperature oxidation resistance, and other additives to improve the oxidation, wear and corrosion resistance of the grease. It is especially suitable for various gears used under high temperature and high speed conditions.

Bearing grease features:

1.Excellent mechanical stability Consistency levels remain stable for long periods of time under severe vibration conditions.

2.Enhanced extreme pressure performance Excellent load-bearing capacity.

3.Good waterproof performance Even in the presence of large amounts of water, it ensures long-term effective protection of the equipment.

4.High dropping point at high temperatures, long service life.

All car engines.

The composition of the lubrication system is roughly the same, generally composed of the following parts: oil pan, oil collector, bypass valve, pressure limiting valve, primary oil filter, main oil channel, oil sensor, oil warning indicator, etc. In addition, some engines have oil filters, oil radiators, oil pressure gauges, etc.

The function of the lubrication system is to continuously deliver sufficient clean lubricating oil to the friction surface of all transmission parts when the engine is working, and form an oil film between the friction surfaces, so as to reduce the friction resistance, reduce the wear of the parts, and improve the reliability and durability of the engine.

There are two types of automotive engine lubricants: oil and grease.

1.Lube.

1) Function of lubricating oil:Lubrication: The lubricating oil forms an oil film between all the friction surfaces of the moving parts to reduce the friction between the parts.

CoolIn the process of circulation, the lubricating oil flows through the working surface of the part, taking away the heat and reducing the temperature of the part. Washing

Lubricating oil can carry away metal debris and impurities from friction surfaces. Sealed: The oil film attached to the cylinder wall, piston and piston ring has the effect of sealing and leaking.

Rust prevention: Lubricating oil has the effect of preventing corrosion of parts.

2) Classification and selection of lubricating oil. The American Petroleum Institute (API) performance classification method is widely used internationally, which classifies the engine according to the degree of intensification of engine performance and the severity of working conditions. It should be pointed out that the higher the level of lubricating oil, the more demanding it is to adapt to the working conditions of the engine, and the higher grade of lubricating oil can replace the lower grade of lubricating oil, and vice versa.

The grade of lubricating oil used in an engine is determined by the manufacturer according to the working conditions of the engine.

2.Grease.

Grease is a solid or semi-solid product made by thickening one (or more) lubricating liquids with one (or more) thickeners, and various additives are added as needed. General purpose lithium grease has good low-temperature applicability, can be used in the temperature range of -30 120, has good water resistance and rust resistance, can be used in wet and water contact parts; It has good stability and lubricity, and does not deteriorate and does not lose in high-speed mechanical parts, so it is recommended to use general-purpose lithium-based grease for imported and domestic automobile engines.

The components that make up the lubrication system are, oil pan, oil pump, oil filter, main bearing, crank pin, which are relatively common components. More common lubricants, engine lubricants, drive train oils, hydraulic transmission oils, greases.

The components are the oil collector, crankcase ventilation, including nozzles, and oil ducts, etc.; The more commonly used lubricants are lubricating oils, but also solid lubricants and so on.

The lubrication system of automobile engine includes oil pan, oil pump, and oil filter. Common lubricants for main bearings are engine lubricants and drive train lubricants.

First, the classification of grease.

1) Classified by thickener.

According to the classification of thickeners, they can be divided into soap-based greases, hydroxyl greases, inorganic greases and organic greases. Soap-based grease can be divided into single soap-based grease, mixed soap-based grease and compound soap-based grease according to different soap thickeners.

Depending on the composition of the thickener, the classification of greases has significant limitations. The same thickener can be used to produce a wide range of greases with different properties. Even with different types of thickeners, it is often difficult to accurately distinguish between their properties.

Therefore, according to the classification of thickener ingredients, users will be confused, have no experience in use, cannot find the corresponding standard, and it is difficult to choose.

2) Classification according to operating conditions.

This classification standard mainly refers to the international standard (ISO), and is suitable for lubricating various types of grease such as equipment, mechanical parts, vehicles, etc., but is not suitable for special purpose grease, that is, it is only suitable for grease, and is not suitable for special grease for seal protection. Greases belong to Group X (greases) of category L (lubricants and related products).

According to the regulations, each type of oil is represented by a set of (5) capital letters, each of which has a specific meaning. Letter 1 refers to the group code of the grease, letter 2 refers to the minimum operating temperature, letter 3 refers to the maximum operating temperature, letter 4 refers to its water resistance and rust resistance level under water pollution conditions, and letter 5 refers to the lubrication performance under high or low load conditions.

Second, the choice of automotive grease.

1) Clarify the purpose of using grease.

When choosing a grease, the first thing to do is to clarify the purpose of using grease. According to the main function of grease, grease can be divided into three categories: friction reduction, protection and sealing. The choice of grease depends on which grease plays a major role in the parts used, and the grease that meets the requirements should be selected.

2) Consider the operating temperature of the lubricated part.

The temperature and temperature changes of mechanical friction parts have a decisive impact on the lubrication function and service life of grease, and the working temperature of lubricated parts is an important basis for selecting grease. The grease is selected according to the maximum temperature of the lubrication part.

3) Consider the load on the lubrication part.

Load refers to the pressure per unit area of the friction surface. Depending on the high load and low load conditions, extreme pressure grease (B) and non-extreme pressure grease (A) are selected respectively.

Gears, bearings, worm gears, worms, etc. Heavy machinery and equipment are subjected to heavy loads, so it is necessary to consider the use of greases with anti-wear extreme pressure additives. In order to improve the anti-wear effect and enhance the resistance to vibration and shock loads, greases containing molybdenum disulfide, graphite or other solid lubricants can also be selected.

4) Consider the speed of the lubricated part.

Since greases are rheological systems, their similar viscosity varies with the shear rate. Therefore, the physical state and lubricating effect of the grease are particularly sensitive to the operating speed of the lubricated parts, which is different from the operating speed of the lubricating oil. The greater the speed, the greater the shear stress of the grease, the greater the damage to the structure of the thickener, and the shorter the service life.

The above is about the classification and selection requirements of grease.