The origin of Roman law is well developed, where did Roman law originate?

Roman law originated in the Roman city-state. With the continuous expansion of Rome's territory, from the unification of Italy, the monopoly of the Mediterranean, to the establishment of a slave empire spanning Europe, Africa and Asia, Roman law also developed from the narrow customary law and civil law of the city-states to the universal civil law, and finally formed the first legal system with universal quality. After the formation of Roman law, it went through several stages: the period of "royal government", the period of the republic and the period of empire.

After the emergence of Roman law, it continued to evolve as the history of the Roman state continued to meet the needs of the Roman political, economic, and ruling class. In the 5th century B.C., the Senate of the Roman Republic set up a codification committee, and in 451 B.C., ten tables of laws were formulated, and two tables were added the following year, constituting the first written law of ancient Rome, the "Law of the Twelve Tables". This law is a milestone in the history of the development of Roman law, which provides a preliminary summary of the customary law in the early Roman society and lays a solid theoretical foundation for the development of Roman law in the future.

In the latter part of the Roman Republican era, legal research activities began to rise, which strongly promoted the development of Roman law. In the 6th century, during the reign of the Eastern Roman Empire, Emperor Justinian personally presided over the compilation of the "Justinian Code", "Compendium of Doctrines" and "Ladder of Jurisprudence", which marked the maturity of Roman law, the stage of completeness. This code completely and systematically preserves the essence of Roman law and has an unparalleled influence on the formation and development of the legal systems of European countries.

Engels called it "the first universal law".

1. Origin and development:

1. Citizenship Law.

In 509 BC, the Roman Republic was established. From the founding of Rome until the middle of the 3rd century BC, the laws that emerged from Rome were collectively known as citizenship laws. It was a law that applied exclusively to Roman citizens and was a staple of early Roman law.

2. Civil law.

With the development of the commodity economy and the increase in the number of immigrants, various new social contradictions have become increasingly prominent. Thus the later part of the Republic formed the universal law that applied to the relations between Roman citizens and foreigners, and between foreigners and foreigners.

3. Jurist activities.

Jurists played a very important role in the development of Roman law, and they promoted the development of Roman law and Roman jurisprudence.

In the 1st century BC, Rome entered the imperial period. In the early period of the Empire, jurists were very active, and the development of Roman jurisprudence also entered a period of prosperity. Many jurists were also granted the right to answer the law by the emperor, and their answers became an important source of law.

4. Encyclopedia of national law.

Emperor Justinian (527 565 AD) established the Codification Committee to rebuild and revitalize the Roman Empire. In 528 534 AD, three compilations of laws and regulations were completed.

2. Reason: The civil law breaks through the limitations of civil law, becomes concise, flexible and effective, and pays attention to the regulation of economic and civil disputes such as ** and property, so it can adapt to the new social development requirements of the imperial period.

Origin: The ancient Roman slave state originated in Italy. Before the 8th century BC, Rome was in the period of clan communes.

Legend has it that Romulus founded the city of Rome in 754-753 B.C., and Rome in the 8th-6th centuries B.C. is called the period of kingship, when Rome was still in the transition from a clan society to a class society.

This period was dominated by the customs of the ancient clans and the customs prevailing in society, which gradually evolved into customary law by the time the state was finally formed in the late royal period.

Development: After the 7th century BC, with the development of productive forces and the emergence of private ownership, Roman society gave rise to two basically opposing classes, slave owners and slaves, and the clan system tended to disintegrate. At the same time, a "plebeian" class gradually formed.

The commoners bore most of Rome's taxes and Roman military obligations, but because they were not members of clan communes, they could not enjoy political rights, intermarry with nobles, or occupy commons. It was the long-term struggle between the commoners and the aristocracy for their rights that objectively accelerated the collapse of the Roman clan system and promoted the formation of the Roman slave state and law.

Dominance

In the middle of the 6th century BC, the Roman aristocracy was forced to give in, and the sixth king, Servius Tullius, reformed Roman society, abolishing the original clans and tribes based on blood ties, dividing the inhabitants according to territorial relations, and dividing the inhabitants into five classes according to the amount of property. This reform marked the complete collapse of the Roman clan system, the formal emergence of the Roman slave state, and the entry of Rome into the period of the Republic.

With the eventual formation of the Roman slave state, Roman law was born. Of course, the early sources of law in the republic were mainly customary law. Roman law was a system of social norms that reflected the will of the Roman slave-owning class, protected the exploitative relations of slavery, consolidated the dominance of the slave-owning class in state institutions, and had unlimited power over slaves.

The development of Roman law: 1. Customary law. 2. Twelve copper table method.

3. Citizenship law, a law that arose from the founding of Rome to the middle of the 3rd century BC. 4. The Law of All Peoples, formed in the late Roman Republic. 5. The activities of jurists promoted the development of Roman law and Roman jurisprudence.

6. The Code of Justinian, Justinian's General Treatise on Jurisprudence, Justinian's Doctrine Compilation, and Justinian's New Law were compiled into the Civil Law, marking the maturity of Roman law.

The Book of Roman Law.

Roman law, generally referred to as the general term for the laws of Roman slave states, existed throughout the historical period of Roman slave states. It includes the laws of the period from the birth of the Roman state to the fall of the Western Roman Empire, as well as the orders of the emperor, the proclamations of the senate, statutory law, and some ingenious customary law.

With the eventual formation of the Roman slave state, Roman law was born. Of course, the early sources of law in the republic were mainly customary law. Roman law was a system of social norms that reflected the will of the Roman slave-owning class, protected the exploitative relations of slavery, and consolidated the dominance of the slave-owning class in the organs of the state and the unlimited power over slaves.