A brief description of various legal interpretations from the Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty

The main forms of law in the Qin Dynasty were law, order, legal Q&A, and "Sealed Diagnosis", which was performed by the court. Law.

Shang Ying brought Li Kui's "Book of Law" into Qin to assist Qin Xiaogong in changing the law, and in the process of changing the law, he changed the "law" to "law", and the name of the law began in Qin. There are "Eighteen Kinds of Qin Laws", "Miscellaneous Copies of Qin Laws", "Imitation Laws" and so on, and the words "Law Said" in the "Questions and Answers on the Law" also show that "law" has become the main legal form of the Qin Dynasty.

The order "order" is an edict of the emperor, which is a single line of law. Qin Shi Huang once said: "The order is the system, and the order is the edict."

It can be known that there is no difference between edicts and orders. However, in the Qin Dynasty, laws, orders, and laws were often mixed, and the distinction was not very clear, for example, there were "Tian Laws" and "Tian Orders" in the Qin Jian, and there were also words such as "Legal Decrees" and "Amendment of Laws Order" in the "Book of Words".

Legal Q&A. Qin Jianzhong's "Questions and Answers on the Law" is an interpretation of Qin Law's legal text in the form of questions and answers, because this interpretation was officially issued and became the basis for judicial trials at that time, so it is also a new form of law.

The "Sealed Diagnosis Style" in Qin Jian contains the "Sealed Diagnosis Style", which is a document program about the investigation, inquest and trial procedures of the case. As a form of law, "shi" began in the Qin state.

The "court act" refers to the jurisprudence of the court. Wang Niansun, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, said in his book "Reading Magazine": "Those who do, what they say and do, the old precedents become the law."

The Han people wrote that those who said 'act' and 'accomplished' all mean the same. Qin Jian's "Questions and Answers on the Laws" often contains the phrase "court acts", which shows that the Qin Dynasty has taken the precedents of judicial organs as the basis for adjudication in judicial practice in addition to legal texts.

Answer]: a, b, c, d

It took 11 years to revise the Zhenguan Law, and the length of its revision time and the frequency of revisions and changes are enough to show that the completion of the revision of the Zhenguan Law marks the finalization of the Tang Dynasty legal code. Therefore, item A is correct. The "Famous Laws and Regulations" is the general principle of the "Tang Laws and Regulations", which embodies the basic spirit and basic principles of the Tang Dynasty.

Therefore, item b is correct. The Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty was promulgated in the period of the Tang Xuanshou Liquid Sect, and was the first relatively systematic feudal administrative code in the history of our country. Therefore, item c is correct.

During the period of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, six people supervised the six departments of Shangshu Province respectively, called the "Great Inspector", and this was the origin of the Ming Dynasty's "Six Departments to Things". Therefore, item D is correct.

Answer]: a, d

The Tang Dynasty's Fahao Tanlu forms included four types: law, order, grid, and style. Therefore, items A and D are selected. The law is the legal form of the Han Dynasty, and the legal matter is the legal form of the Song Dynasty.

Answer]: The principles of conviction and sentencing in the Han law basically follow the Qin system, but there have also been developments and changes:

1) Regarding the age of criminal responsibility. The Qin law determines criminal liability based on height, while the Han law directly determines criminal liability according to age, and there is a distinction between the minimum age and the maximum age, a method that was followed by later feudal codes. The age of criminal responsibility in the two Han Dynasty can be roughly divided into 8 years old and 80 years old, 7 years old and 70 years old, or 7 years old and 80 years old, and 10 years old and 80 years old.

Within this age, the severity of the sentence is determined according to the circumstances of the offence, but the sentence is generally light or waived. Although it has the meaning of "cherishing the elderly" and "caring for the young", in fact, people under the age of seven and over 70 who commit crimes are less harmful to society, and these people are different from normal Suishu crimes in terms of punishment.

2) Kiss the prime minister. It means that between the three generations of blood relatives and between husband and wife, except for rebellion and rebellion, criminal acts can be concealed from each other, and the punishment can be reduced. According to this principle, the inferior and the young do not bear criminal responsibility if they respect their relatives and elders; Respect for relatives and elders and hide from the inferior, except for the capital offense to request reduction, other criminal responsibility.

This principle was inherited by the feudal code thereafter.

3) Confess yourself first. The surrender of Hanlu is called "self-confession" or "self-exit". If the offender reports the facts of his crime to the government before he discovers his crime, he can be exempted from the crime, which is called "first self-confessing his crime".

However, in the case of combined punishment for several crimes, only the crime of voluntary surrender is exempted, and the crime of not surrendering is still pursued; Voluntary surrender is also not exempt from the crime of conspiring in a criminal group.

4) The noble** is guilty first. During the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, the edict of the nobles who were guilty of "first request" was issued many times, in order to protect their legal privileges, stipulating that the prince and his heirs and those with more than 300 stone would enjoy the privilege of "first request" for guilt in the law, and the sentence could generally be commuted or exempted after being requested.

The above guesses about the legal principles of the pants, or the Qin law firm did not have it, or although there were, the development of the two Han Dynasty changed greatly, and "kissing the prime minister to hide" was a law since the Han Dynasty.

Answer]: Car rental a, b, c

The legal forms of the Qin Dynasty included five types: law, order, court action, legal question-and-answer and sealed diagnosis. Therefore, items a, b and c are selected. The decision is a sign of the closure of the legal form of the Han Dynasty. Dress-up.

Answer]: The "manslaughter" in the "six kills" key refers to killing the wrong object for various reasons, not manslaughter, A is wrong. The "sitting on stolen goods" in the six stolen goods refers to the act of officials or ordinary people illegally accepting property without the authority of their authority.

The "injustice" in the "Ten Evils" refers to the act of killing the prefect of the prefecture and the current teacher, and it is correct. The "Tang Law Discussion" stipulates that except for the elderly, the young, the disabled, and those with special status, torture can be used. The correct answer is c.