What is the smallest substance and what is the smallest unit of matter

Whether there is the smallest substance, human beings do not yet know.

At present, the smallest substance discovered by scientists is called quarks.

The nature of matter in physics refers to the composition and structure of matter.

Yes, scientists have discovered that all matter in the universe is made up of elementary particles.

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It's all wrong, come on, quarks are just a good hypothesis, but there are no experiments to prove that they are real.

The smallest should be leptons (e.g., electrons), baryons (e.g., protons, neutrons), photons, mesons, and resonators, but there is no such thing as a size comparison for these microscopic substances.

Photon! Nothing is smaller than a photon!

Because of Einstein's mass-energy equation, matter and energy cannot be considered separately. For example, the mass of a proton is made up of two parts: the rest mass of a quark, and the kinetic energy of a quark.

Now a new concept is proposed called the Higgs sub, which is considered to be the ** of mass.

The smallest substance is such a substance that you can't find a substance, which substance is smaller than it.

Let me correct your statement: elements and matter are two completely different concepts, and matter is made up of elements.

Since the beginning of the last century, physicists have discovered many particles and the forces between them. Physicists now believe that there are six quarks and three leptons of matter particles; There are four types of forces that act between particles of matter: electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak.

Both nuclear fission and nuclear fusion produce large numbers of neutrons, neutrinos, and gamma photons (much of today's neutrino research is carried out in the vicinity of nuclear reactors). This means that matter contains neutrons, neutrinos, and gamma photons.

We know that neutrinos are mysterious cosmic particles with an incredibly strong penetrating ability to freely pass through walls, mountains, and even Earth and other planets. Physicists estimate that neutrinos can freely penetrate iron plates that are billions of times thicker than the distance from the Earth to the Sun. If there is a light-year-thick lead-made barrier, neutrinos can easily pass through.

Neutrinos are the smallest particles of matter that have been discovered so far. The structure of a neutrino is that a photon revolves around an unknown particle.

The smallest unit of matter is a molecule, some molecules are composed of atoms, and the smallest particles that make up protons and neutrons are quarks; Although quarks are the smallest particles, they cannot directly constitute matter, quarks are elementary particles that participate in strong interactions, and they are also the basic units that make up matter.

Molecular and Atomic Basics:

1. Matter is composed of microscopic particles;

2. These microscopic particles are usually atoms and molecules;

3. Molecules and atoms are constantly moving irregularly;

4. The irregular movement of matter is related to temperature, usually the higher the temperature, the faster the irregular movement of matter, and vice versa;

5. There are intermittent intermittents between molecules and between atoms;

6. The size of the gap between molecules and atoms can determine the state of the substance under the conditions;

7. When a substance is converted between gas, liquid, and solid, the size of the atom itself does not change, but the gap between molecules or between atoms changes.

constituent substancesSmallest unitIt's quarks.

Quark is a type of quark that participates in strong interactions.

The elementary particles, which are also the basic units that make up matter. Quarks combine with each other to form a composite particle called hadrons. The most stable of hadrons are protons and neutrons, which are the constituent nuclei of atoms.

of the unit. Due to a phenomenon called "quark confinement", quarks cannot be directly observed or separated, but can only be found in hadrons. For this reason, much of what we know about quarks comes indirectly from the observation of hadrons.

The size of a quark:

We are able to see because our eyes perceive the visible light reflected back from the surface of the object.

If there is no visible light, I can't see anything if I miss the keys.

In fact, the shortest light wave of visible light is only a few hundred nanometers (1 nanometer equals 10-9 meters), and even "very large" atoms are in the 10-10 meter range. This means that we can't even see atoms directly, let alone microscopic particles of the caliber of quarks.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia-Quark.

The smallest substance quark.

Once a theory.

At the end of the 19th century, scientists mastered certain theories and understood that the composition of matter is inseparable from a tiny substance called an atom.

And the atom was also considered the smallest material composition in the world for a long time.

The first scientist to put forward the theory of the atom is named Dalton, who in 1803 was the first to put forward the concept of the atom and declared that the world said that all matter is made of atoms.

The shape of an atom is a completely insubdivible solid sphere, which is arranged and combined by the forces of each other to form a variety of substances.

Essentially, both life and stone are made of atoms.

Quark was born.

In 1932, some scientists discovered that neutrons and protons in the nucleus also have internal structures when conducting microscopic object impact experiments. Protons and neutrons, which have internal structures, cannot be called the smallest matter in the world, so the theory of quarks was born.

The discovery of quarks was a very bumpy scientific process, because there were hardly any microscopes that could directly observe the existence of quarks, and although physicists at that time had understood the instability of matter inside protons and neutrons, they still could not understand why they transformed into each other.

Finally, two scientists named Gell-Mann and Zweig first proposed the quark model that shocked the world in 1964, and the quark model pointed out that the inside of protons and neutrons is composed of a substance called quark, which cannot be subdivided, but gives protons and neutrons internal instability, and makes them able to switch forms with each other in the process of motion.