The outstanding contribution of Confucius s educational thought is manifested in those aspects

There is no class: Confucius was the first to educate the common people.

Teaching and learning: Confucius praised Zigong and other students who inspired him.

Heuristic: Confucius put forward the view that "no anger, no enlightenment, no anger, no anger".

Combination of learning and thinking: Confucius put forward the idea that "if you learn without thinking, you will not think without learning, and if you don't learn, you will die".

Teaching students according to their aptitude: It is proposed to teach the upper law to those with superior qualifications, and teach the doctrine that the upper law cannot be taught to those with inferior qualifications, and there is practical practice.

In the long history of Chinese Confucianism, the pre-Qin period is undoubtedly the most basic source. Pre-Qin Confucianism laid the foundation for the development of Chinese Confucianism, and influenced and standardized Confucianism in later generations. In a certain sense, it can be said that the basic paradigm of Confucianism was formed in the pre-Qin period, while later Confucianism only continued to interpret, exert and develop pre-Qin Confucianism.

This article attempts to analyze the pre-Qin Confucianism and its influence.

The origin of "Confucianism" is very early. In the 30s of this century, Hu Shi once wrote "Confucianism", according to the "Shuowen", and the word "Confucian" was used to follow the softness, saying that "Confucianism" was originally a "priest of the Yin nation" who wore Yin clothes, kept Yin courtesy, and adhered to the "soft outlook on life" (1). This theory has been questioned by many scholars, and Guo Moruo has severely denounced it (2), but based on the facts, this theory is not insightful.

In the mid-70s, Mr. Xu Zhongshu confirmed that "Confucianism existed in the Yin Shang era" through the study of oracle bone inscriptions, and believed that the ancient Confucianism was to worship ancestors and gods, manage funerals, and pay homage to people (3). This shows that Hu's so-called "Confucianism is the priest of the Yin nation" has a certain degree of correctness, and of course, he said that "Confucianism" represents "the judo outlook on life of the remnants of the country who endured humiliation and burdens" is not allowed.

Nevertheless, as a school of Confucianism, which is firmly based on systematic thought, it was not until the late Spring and Autumn period that Confucius was founded. In this regard, Guo Moruo pointed out: "The original meaning of Confucianism is indeed soft", but "Confucianism should have been the special name of 'Mr. Jing, a gentleman of Zou Lu'."

That was already there before Confucius, but the historical product of the Spring and Autumn Period was the result of the gradual collapse of slavery in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Confucius, on the other hand, "popularized the knowledge previously held by the aristocracy to the people," which led to the "professionalization or ganging of Confucianism" (4). Mr. Hou Wailu also believes that "the profession of 'Confucianism' did not begin with Confucius", but Confucius "founded the Confucian school and completed a part of the beginning of the beginning of 'private learning' in the history of Chinese thought, which is not suspicious."

5) It can be seen that when examining the historical origin of Confucianism, although we can focus on the Yin and Shang periods, if we talk about Confucianism or Confucianism as the basis of its ideology and theory, we should only start with Confucius, because it was Confucius who really turned Confucianism into Confucianism and founded Confucianism based on it.

Confucius's contributions to teaching include recruiting a wide range of disciples, teaching without class, accepting any student who learns modestly, so that many civilians have the opportunity to learn knowledge, and in terms of moral cultivation, Confucius advocated three awakening and self-awareness, constantly reflecting and examining oneself, rather than finding mistakes from others, which also laid the groundwork for what he later said to do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

First, Confucius lived in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in the early days of the Zhou Dynasty also practiced a certain slavery, with the development of the times gradually appeared feudal rule, before that only those who had power could learn knowledge, Confucius broke this shackle, so that more poor people can learn and turn over, he traveled around the world, although he did not get the appreciation of the monarch, but carried forward his own ideas, and was recognized by most people, and when learning, he also advocated the application of learning and learning from time to time, This is because even if you learn some knowledge now, you may forget that if you learn it and don't use it, you will learn it in vain.

Second, Confucius advocated having both ability and political integrity, and should establish the right ambition when studying, and report to the monarch to benefit the people, that is, if a person has no talent but no morality, then he will eventually become a cancer in this society and become the first to exploit the people, but on the contrary, if a person has empty morality but no ability, then he will not be able to contribute to this society, and may even help because of ignorance, so Confucius attaches great importance to the harmony between morality and learning, and often reflects on it after studying. That is to say, it is often said that not forgetting the original intention, only by standing upright, can we have enough motivation to persevere.

Third, Confucius's students asked him if he could have a word that was enough to do for life, Confucius is not to do to others what you do not want to do to yourself, and when you encounter problems, you will find more faults from yourself, and you can also avoid many incidents, which is a kind of tolerance towards others and strict thinking towards yourself, which can promote people to make great progress.

Confucius was the first to give private lectures and recruit students; It broke the monopoly of the slave owners and aristocrats on school education, expanded the scope of education to the common people, conformed to the trend of social development at that time, broke the hierarchy of the rich and the poor in education, and proposed that "there is no class in education", so that everyone can enjoy the equal right to education; Confucius was the first to propose heuristic teaching.

Confucius made outstanding contributions to moral cultivation, he proposed that we should establish ambition, self-denial, introspection and other educational methods, and he also advocated that in the process of learning, we should not be ashamed to ask questions, and be open-minded and studious.

Recruiting a wide range of students, setting up private schools, teaching students according to their aptitude, attaching importance to moral education, and requiring students to combine learning and thinking have taken a big step forward in education.

Clause. 1. Initiate private learning, implement the educational policy of "teaching without class", expand the scope of education objects, and promote the downward movement of culture and academics;

Clause. 2. He put forward the important role of education in social development and individual development, and emphasized the importance of education;

Clause. 3. He advocated "learning and excelling", which prepared the conditions for the political system of the feudal bureaucracy;

Clause. Fourth, he attached great importance to the inheritance and collation of ancient culture, carried out the construction of teaching materials, and laid the foundation of the Confucian classic education system in later generations;

Clause. Fifth, he summed up the practical experience of education, put forward many principles and methods of education and teaching, and revealed many laws of education and teaching.

In short, Confucius's educational thought has had an important historical impact, laid a theoretical foundation for ancient Chinese education, and is a precious educational heritage of the Chinese nation.