What is a crane What are the types of cranes

Crane. Crane.

craneA multi-action lifting machinery that lifts vertically and carries heavy loads horizontally within a certain range. Also known as a crane. It belongs to material handling machinery.

The working characteristics of the crane are intermittent movements, that is, the corresponding mechanisms for reclaiming, moving, unloading and other actions in a working cycle work alternately.

The orange used to irrigate farmland in ancient China was the prototype of the boom-type crane. In the 14th century, man- and animal-driven rotating boom cranes appeared in Western Europe. In the early 19th century, overhead cranes appeared; Important wear parts of the crane, such as shafts, gears and spreaders, began to be made of metal materials and began to be driven by hydraulic power.

In the late 19th century, steam-powered cranes gradually replaced hydraulically powered cranes. Since the 20s of the 20th century, due to the rapid development of the electrical industry and the internal combustion engine industry, various cranes with electric motors or internal combustion engines as power units have been basically formed.

The crane mainly includes a lifting mechanism, a running mechanism, a luffing mechanism, a slewing mechanism and a metal structure. The lifting mechanism is the basic working mechanism of the crane, they are mostly composed of a hanging system and a winch, and there are also heavy objects that are lifted through the hydraulic system. The running mechanism is used to move heavy objects horizontally or adjust the working position of the crane, which is generally composed of an electric motor, a reducer, a brake and a wheel.

The luffing mechanism is only equipped on the boom type crane, and the amplitude decreases when the boom is raised, and the amplitude increases when it is lowered down, and it is divided into two kinds of balanced luffing and unbalanced luffing. The slewing mechanism is used to make the boom rotate, and is composed of a driving device and a slewing support device. The metal structure is the skeleton of the crane, and the main bearing parts such as bridge, boom and gantry can be box structure or truss structure, or web structure, and some can be used as supporting beams with section steel.

Cranes can be divided into different structures according to: bridge type cranes. It can be used in rectangular yards and above them, and is mostly used for loading and unloading items in workshops, warehouses, open-air yards, etc., including beam cranes, bridge cranes, gantry cranes, cable cranes, carrying bridges, etc.

Boom type crane. It can be used in the circular field and above it, and is mostly used for open-air loading and unloading and installation, including portal cranes, floating cranes, mast cranes, wall cranes and deck cranes. In addition, cranes can also be classified according to the driving method, type of work, mobility and use, etc.

My business is to get on that little car, and that little crane is a hanging iron, this crane.

The big ones can be divided into two types: overhead type cranes and boom type cranes. Overhead cranes can be divided into:

General overhead cranes and stacking cranes: metallurgical special cranes: gantry cranes and loading and unloading bridges; Cable cranes.

Boom type cranes are further divided into: running boom type rotary cranes; fixed jib cranes; Wall cranes.

1. According to the structure of the crane door frame.

According to the shape and structure of the door frame, Xinxiang Degong Machinery can be divided into gantry cranes and cantilever gantry cranes.

Gantry cranes are further divided into:

1. Full gantry crane: the main beam has no overhang, and the trolley is carried out within the main span.

2. Semi-gantry crane: the outriggers have a height difference, which can be determined according to the civil engineering requirements of the site.

The jib gantry crane is further divided into:

1. Double cantilever gantry crane: the most common structural form, the force of the structure and the effective use of the site area are reasonable.

2. Single cantilever gantry crane: This structural form is often selected due to the limitation of the site.

Second, according to the shape of the gantry crane girder, Xinxiang City German machinery classification:

1. Classification of single girder gantry cranes.

The single girder gantry crane has a simple structure, easy manufacturing and installation, and its own quality is small, and the main beam is mostly a deviating rail box frame structure. Compared with the double girder gantry crane, the overall stiffness is a little weaker. Therefore, when lifting weight.

This form can be used when the Q is 50t and the span is 35m. The door leg of the single girder gantry crane has two forms: L-type and C-type. The manufacturing and installation of the L type is convenient, the stress situation is good, and its own mass is small, but the space at the place where the lifting goods pass through the outrigger is relatively small.

The C-shaped legs are made inclined or curved in order to have a large lateral space for the goods to pass smoothly through the legs.

2. Classification of double girder gantry cranes.

The double girder gantry crane has strong carrying capacity, large span, good overall stability and many varieties, but its own quality is larger than that of a single girder gantry crane with the same lifting capacity, and the cost is also higher. According to the different main beam structure, it can be divided into two forms: box beam and truss. At present, the box-shaped structure is generally adopted.

3. Classification according to the structure of the main beam of the gantry crane:

1. a truss beam.

The structural form welded by angle steel or I-beam has the advantages of low cost, light weight and good wind resistance. However, due to the many welding points and the defects of the truss itself, the truss girder also has the shortcomings of large deflection, small stiffness, relatively low reliability, and the need to frequently detect the solder joints. It is suitable for sites with low safety requirements and small lifting capacity.

2. a box girder. The steel plate is welded into a box-type structure, which has the characteristics of high safety and high rigidity. It is generally used for large tonnage and super large tonnage gantry cranes. As shown in the picture on the right, MGHZ1200, with a lifting capacity of 1200 tons, is the largest gantry crane in China, and the main beam adopts a box girder structure.

At the same time, the box girder also has the shortcomings of high cost, self-weight, and poor wind resistance.

3. a honeycomb beam.

Generally refers to the "isosceles triangle honeycomb beam", the end face of the main beam is triangular, there are honeycomb holes on both sides of the oblique abdomen, and there are chords in the upper and lower parts. The honeycomb beam absorbs the characteristics of the truss girder and the box girder, and has greater stiffness, smaller deflection and higher reliability than the truss girder. However, due to the use of steel plate welding, the self-weight and cost are slightly higher than that of truss beams.

Xinxiang Degong Machinery Customized Crane is suitable for sites or beam yards with frequent use or large lifting capacity. Since this beam type is a patented product, there are fewer manufacturers.

Generally, it can be divided into three categories: light and small lifting equipment, bridge type lifting machinery and boom type crane, as follows:

1. Light and small lifting equipment generally includes jacks, hoists, winches, etc.

2. Bridge type hoisting machinery generally includes overhead cranes, gantry cranes, etc.

3. Boom type cranes generally include fixed slewing cranes, tower cranes, truck cranes, tires, crawler cranes, etc.

There are many types of cranes, and the commonly used ones are overhead cranes and gantry cranes. Overhead crane is also called overhead crane, overhead crane positioning usually uses a scale scale or APON wireless positioning rangefinder for precise position detection and automatic control, so as to improve the level of automation, realize automatic control, and improve operation efficiency.

According to the structural differences, lifting machinery can be divided into light and small lifting machinery, lifts, cranes and overhead monorail ridge distribution systems. Light and small lifting machinery mainly includes lifting pulleys, spreaders, jacks, manual hoists, electric hoists and ordinary winchs, most of which are small in size, light in weight and easy to use. Except for electric hoists and winches, most of them are manually driven, which is suitable for places where the work is not heavy.

Lifting operations are the industrial process of transporting machinery or other things from one place where oranges are sold to another. Most of the lifting machinery will gradually move vertically or vertically and horizontally after the spreader is reclaimed, unloaded after arriving at the destination, and then move to the reclaiming place to achieve a working cycle, and then carry out the second lifting. Normally, when the lifting machinery is working, the picking, moving and unloading are carried out sequentially, and the work of each corresponding mechanism is intermittent.

Hoisting machinery is mainly used for transporting items in a single piece. When equipped with a grab, it can transport loose materials such as coal, ore, grain, etc., and when equipped with a bucket, it can lift liquid materials such as molten steel. Some lifting machinery such as elevators can also be used to carry people.

In some applications, hoisting machinery is still the main operating machinery, such as cranes for loading and unloading materials at ports and stations.

Millions of car purchase subsidies.

Explanation of cranes [crane; hoist;derrick]

A machine that lifts or lowers and transports suspended and lifted heavy objects over a limited horizontal distance.

The word decomposition Explanation of 起 ǐ by lying down or by sitting and standing, etc.: to get up. Rise.

Living. Wake up at night. Leave the position from which the original number of paragraphs came:

Rise. Departure. Start.

Start with the forest: Lu Bimu starts. At least (minimum, minimum).

Start. Initially. Start and finish.

Origin. Pull out, take out: Anchor lifting.

Recovered. Pick up (voucher): Pick up.

Cranes are divided into: gantry cranes, tower cranes, overhead cranes, marine cranes, four categories, there are many small categories, and the crane is much simpler, only divided into tonnage size.

The stressed components of the lifting machinery include fixed outrigger boxes, movable outrigger boxes, booms, frames, and chassis.

Lifting machinery refers to mechanical and electrical equipment used for vertical lifting or vertical lifting and horizontal movement of heavy objects, and its scope is specified as a lift with a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to; Cranes with a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 3t (or tower cranes with a rated lifting moment greater than or equal to 40t·m, or loading and unloading bridges with a productivity greater than or equal to 300t h) and a lifting height greater than or equal to 2m; Mechanical parking equipment with more than or equal to 2 floors. The working process of lifting machinery generally includes steps such as lifting, running, descending and returning to the original position. The lifting mechanism lifts the heavy object from the place of taking the object through the object taking device, and the heavy object is displaced by the operation, slewing or luffing mechanism, and returns to the original position after placing the heavy object at the designated place.