How to learn dialectics? What is dialectics

The first person to develop dialectical thought was the ancient Chinese thinker Lao Tzu, whose theory of yin and yang has laid the foundation of Chinese dialectics. In later generations, there are many people who have dialectical thoughts. The development of foreign philosophy is even more vibrant, and there are outstanding scholars in each school.

The famous dialectic is a dark horse duo. However, the real materialist dialectic must be none other than Marx (Hegel's dialectic is not materialist dialectics; Materialist dialectics is a concept proposed by Marx, so only dialectics that are subordinate to Marxist philosophy are called materialist dialectics). If you want to learn dialectics, just look at the general university philosophy textbooks; If you like classical Chinese works, it is recommended to read the Tao Te Ching.

But what I want to say is that in fact, dialectics is not a study that can be obtained by reading, it is a profound but simple and clear science, and to study it, we must learn to understand the world. If you want to read a book, I suggest that you don't try to memorize the rules and phrases, because the test will dissolve you with reason. When you can see problems and do things with a dialectical way of thinking, you will truly understand and learn.

And some people don't understand this, and often when they talk about the rules and regulations in the book, it's dialectical; When you think about things, it's metaphysical. Such people are so-called dogmatists. I don't think you're going to be a dogmatist.

Finally, I would like to say that if you can think critically about the problems in life, then, congratulations, you have the ability to think critically, and you don't need to read it.

You quarrel or fight with your wife in the future, you think she is very hateful and angry, but when you look back, you will think that you actually love her very much, this is dialectics = = recommended books to watch martial arts** or the hundred schools of thought such as the way of heaven, the loss is more than enough to make up for the deficiency, so the false is better than the real, and the lack is more than enough.

Very strong and dialectical, thank you for the points, I love you.

All books are about dialectics, and even more so about life. Learn more, work more, and experience more

Find a book on the principles of Marxism, a high school textbook, preferably a university textbook, because there are exercises and solutions. It will be helpful for learning, understanding and applying dialectics.

With the deepening of your understanding of dialectics, if you need further research, you can read Marx's original works.

Dialectics is the method of dialectic, and enlightenment is the defect of the proper noun of Western philosophy, which comes from the Greek δ a x x ?That is, the art of language, which is generally considered to refer to the abstraction of logical processes, that is, the study of words, reasoning, descriptions, concepts, and interpretive processes.

Dialectics is also known as the dialectical method, and the dialectic of the Greek period was similar to debate, referring to two or more people who held different views and hoped to gain true knowledge through reasonable discussion. But the subjective element is excluded from this debate. Dialectics can be contrasted with pedagogy, in which one side of the dialogue educates the other.

Dialectics is a philosophical doctrine about universal connections and the development of change. The word "dialectic" derives from the Greek word δ a x x ( meaning the art of conversation, derived from δ a y x (I talk, I discuss) and originally meant to expose the contradictions in the argument of the other party and the method of overcoming these contradictions.

Dialectics is the meaning of having a conversation and a debate. In modern times, it has become the opposite of "metaphysics" as a philosophical theory and method. The term "dialectics" has been used in various senses throughout the history of philosophy, and has had different meanings in different historical periods and among different philosophers.

Dialectics is a method of thinking, and its core idea is that contradictions and conflicts are the driving force for the development of things themselves, and that everything contains two aspects: contradictions and opposites, that is, the relationship of "opposites are interdependent, interacting, and transforming each other".

Dialectics advocates that when people understand things, they should be comprehensive and objective, and they should not only look at the development of things from a positive point of view, but also look at the development of things from a negative point of view, from contradictions and conflicts.

The origin of dialectics can be traced back to the ancient Greek philosophers, among many philosophers, Hegel and Marx are the most representative. Hegel advocated the idea of absolute spirituality, believing that all things in the universe are due to the evolution of spirit. Marx, on the other hand, emphasized the contradictions and changes between the productive forces and the relations of production, believing that the continuous progress of the productive forces forces revolutionary changes in the relations of production.

Dialectics has a very wide range of applications in practice. In the field of natural sciences, dialectics provides a theoretical basis for studying the laws of development of things. Systems thinking, for example, is the application of dialectics to the scientific method of studying various systems.

In the field of social sciences, dialectics provides a theoretical tool for the study of social development, for example, the theory of historical materialism is a research method that applies dialectics to social history. In practice, the application of dialectics is also very many, for example, for the management of an enterprise, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the interaction between the internal contradictions and external factors of the enterprise, and use the dialectical way of thinking to comprehensively consider various interests to achieve the goal of long-term development of the enterprise.

There are three basic points of dialectics: the unity of opposites.

1. The three dialectical laws of mutual change of quality and negation of negation have reached the limit of their philosophical universality.

1. The Law of the Unity of Opposites:

First, the principle of the dialectical relationship between the internal and external causes of the development of things and its practical significance have appeared in the form of big questions at the end of previous examinations, and should be paid attention to.

Second, in the dialectical relationship between internal and external causes, do not think that internal causes determine external causes; Internal causes are the basis for the development of things, and it is not the same as internal causes that determine external causes.

II. The Universal Connection and Eternal Development of the World:

First, grasp the difference between law and understanding, law and truth. The law refers to the intrinsic essential and inevitable connection of things themselves, which are not transferred by human will, and have objectivity. Truth is the knowledge of laws, which belongs to the realm of consciousness.

Second, acknowledging that there is a law in the development of social history is not the same as acknowledging that historical events can be repeated. The repetition of the law of social history refers to the repeated action of common and essential things in the same kind of historical events, and is not the rebirth of historical events.

Historical events are the result of the interaction of subject and object and various factors in historical activities, and it is always individual and concrete, and it is not repeatable, which is different from the law of natural development.

3. The Law of Negation of Negation:

First, clarify the meaning of negation of negation.

Second, the upward and progressive nature of development is the general trend of the development of things. The development of things is not a simple cycle.

Third, the development of things is cyclical, and special attention should be paid to the determination of the starting point, because the periodicity of the development of things is inherent in things, not artificially imposed on objective things.

Fourth, repetitiveness, but not simple repetition, not simple cycles.

The study theory of dialectics.

Around the 5th century B.C., when the debates of various schools of ancient Greek philosophy prevailed, and philosophers paid more attention to the techniques and methods of argumentation, at this time, people called the method of arguing or analyzing the contradictions in propositions, and exposing the contradictions in the opponent's arguments in conversation and overcoming these contradictions in order to obtain the truth.

Dialectics studies the process of thinking, mainly studying the contradictions between concepts in the process, so dialectical logic is different from formal logic, and this contradiction is the decisive factor in the relationship between concepts.

Dialectics consists of three stages of development: it refers to the beginning of an abstract general concept (positive), which causes a contradiction (anti), and the concept of contradiction is reconciled in a third concept (combination), while dialectical materialism is a theory mainly put forward by Marx and Engels that makes Hegelian dialectics compatible with materialism.

1. Contradiction analysis is the fundamental method for understanding and transforming the world.

First, insist on dividing it into two, saying that Orange State "two sentences" will "grasp with both hands".

Adhere to the unity of the two-point theory and the key theory. Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, "urgency is the symptom, and the slow is the root cause." ”

Second, grasp the unity in the opposition and the opposition in the same.

Take a correct view of the relationship between socialist and capitalist countries.

Third, specific problems should be analyzed in detail.

Teacher: Everything that is fake is ugly.

Student: Definitely, I think your round dentures are beautiful.

2. The methods provided by the basic categories of materialist dialectics.

the method of analyzing the part and grasping the whole;

the method of understanding the essence through phenomena;

an approach that values content and form;

methods for adjusting structural optimization functions;

methods for tracing the cause and foreseeing the effect;

the method of knowing necessity by chance;

Ways in which a favorable possibility can become a beautiful reality.