Whether the Dharma was transmitted to China and the translator changed the original text or made it

The translation of the Dharma to China is basically a collective translation, not a single person, and the "change of the original text" is a paraphrase translation, and there are also literal translations. All have strict translation rules and multiple reviews. Most of them can only participate in the translation, and there are hundreds or thousands of people in the big translation field.

As for the "make it up yourself", there is no door.

No, the translation of Buddhist scriptures is very rigorous, much more rigorous than modern translations. When Tang Xuanzang translated Buddhist scriptures, he divided them into two groups, one group translated Sanskrit into Chinese, and then another group translated Chinese into Sanskrit. The translated Sanskrit is then compared with the original text and the translation is completed only after it is confirmed that it is correct.

Our country's translation work from the Han Yuan Emperor An Shigao and Zhiqian to China is very rigorous, at that time the White Horse Temple a translation field organized a lot of people, and later came to the Kumarosh thing, the translation field reached thousands of people, the translation, Runwen is divided into a lot of groups, to the Xuanzang master period is more rigorous, the Great Prajna Sutra is as long as 800 volumes, a chapter wants to save is not possible.

In addition, our country is a country that emphasizes the sense of history (large-scale falsification of history is a matter after 1949), and there are detailed introductions and corroborations in the history of when it was translated, who translated it, and who ran the text.

Buddhism itself is a school of thought that emphasizes non-lying, which is fully reflected in the words and deeds of some eminent monks in ancient times.

In this Buddhism, there is a teaching for each sutra, that is, is this sutra in line with the fundamental spirit of the Buddha himself? The so-called fundamental spirit is whether it conforms to the three seals? The Four Noble Truths? The 12 Causes and Conditions? Mahayana One Reality Seal? Concepts such as the wisdom of all laws?

There is also reasoning, that is, is the truth in this classic consistent with the physical and mental world of reality?

Of course, some of the "classics" and some of the tantras, as well as a very small number of "apocrypha", are obviously not able to withstand the teachings and reasoning.

There are no intentional changes, let alone fabrications.

It's just that each person's cultivation is high or low, and the level of cognition is different.

Translation is a matter that will always be understood by the translator's personal opinion.

Tang Sanzang and his sister Tang Sancai translated together, and there would be no mistake.

There must be, adapt to the national conditions.

Sanskrit Pali.

Regular script Beijing dialect.

For 500 years, translation has not been easy.

Master Xuanzang established the translation principle of "Six Non-Translations".

On the positive side, it promotes cultural exchange, artistic progress, etc., while on the negative side, superstition is popular, national cowardice, and so on.

3: Buddhist Stories.

In China, during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Zhuang to explain the Buddha.

Modern Chinese masters often use Buddhist allusions.

Xuanzang, Kumarosh, and Zhenyi are known as the three major translators of Buddhist scriptures in China.

Master Xuanzang, who studied in India for 17 years, made a vow when he traveled west to seek the Dharma, "Ning will die in one step to the west, and not return to the east to live". Master Xuanzang is not only a great explorer and traveler, but also an outstanding translator in the history of Chinese scripture translation. After Master Xuanzang returned from India, with the support of Tang Taizong and Gaozong, he successively organized translation institutes in Chang'an and Luoyang, gathering more than 2,000 monks and great virtues from all over the world.

In the 19 years that the Master has presided over the translation field, he has never slackened off for a single day. He is the founder of the Chinese Enlightenment Sect.

Master Kumarosh, originally an Indian, but he grew up in Qiuzi, after becoming a monk, he was well versed in the Mahayana scriptures, and in the first three years of Yao Xinghong of the Later Qin Dynasty (401) was to Chang'an, China, Yao Xing specially asked him to translate the classics in Xiaoyao Garden, and the translated scriptures before and after, there are more than 380 volumes. Later Qin Hongshi fifteenth year (413) died in Chang'an. Before his death, he vowed that if the translated scriptures were correct, then his tongue would not rot when he was cremated.

Sure enough, after the mage passed away, his tongue was intact. He is the ancestor of the Three Treatises of China.

Master Kumarosh has translated the "Middle Treatise", "Hundred Commentaries", "Treatise on the Twelve Gates", "Prajna Sutra", "Lotus Sutra", "Treatise on Great Wisdom", "Vima Sutra", "Huashou Sutra", "Enlightenment Sutra", "Amita Sutra", "Amitayus Sutra", "Shoulenyan Three Flavors Sutra", "Ten Dwelling Sutras", "Zazen Samadhi Sutra", "Maitreya Sutra of Buddhahood", "Maitreya Sutra of Next Life", "Ten Vinayas", "Ten Recitations of Stupidity", "Bodhisattva Precepts", Buddha Collection, Bodhisattva Collection, etc. The total number of translations is based on the second volume of the "Collection of the Three Tibetan Records", with a total of 35 books and 297 volumes; According to the four volumes of "Kaiyuan Lu", a total of 74 books and 384 volumes. Commenting on the treatises of "Chengshi", "Ten Dwellings", "Zhong" and "Twelve Gates".

Most of his translations have survived into the 21st century, and a few have been lost. The thatched temple at the northern foot of Guifeng in Xianhu County is the place where Kumarosh presided over the translation of Buddhist scriptures at that time. There is a Kumarosh relics pagoda in the temple, which is the place where the Kumarosh relics are placed.

Master Sanzang of the True Essence arrived in China during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and there was social turmoil. During his 23 years in the Han Dynasty, he translated a total of 64 scriptures and 278 volumes. He was one of the most important and prominent translators of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

His translation was mainly on the Yoga Enlightenment, and thanks to the translation of the True Truth, Mahayana Enlightenment was able to be transmitted in China.

It is also said that the translators of the four major Buddhist scriptures are based on the three major translators, plus Master Yijing.

Venerable Yijing, who followed Venerable Xuanzang to the Western Regions, traveled to India for more than 20 years, passed through more than 30 countries, and deeply investigated the customs and customs of India, especially about the life of the Sangha, and wrote the book "The South China Sea Returns to the Inner Dharma". When he returned to China, he was warmly welcomed by Empress Wu Zetian. He first participated in the translation of Shicha Nanda, translating "Eighty Huayan", and then presided over the translation field in Luoyang, Chang'an and other places for more than ten years, and translated a total of 56 classics and 230 volumes.

Vulgar clouds: "The good words of the Buddha in the world are exhausted." "Buddhism is not only profound in its teachings, but also beautiful and moving in the words and allusions in the Buddhist scriptures.

According to statistics, after Buddhism was introduced into China, more than 35,000 new words were added to China, which not only enriched the connotation of Chinese literature, but also evolved from the names of Buddhism in many common terms in daily life, such as: karma, cause and effect, undisturbed mind, ten directions of the world, ten heinous deeds, into the sea and sand, great mercy, heavenly and demonic outer paths, five bodies to the earth, the world, in the catastrophe, the rest of the life, the difference of one thought, spotless, transcendental, six reincarnations, merit consummation, auspiciousness, Satisfactory, supernatural powers, forbearance and humiliation, courage and diligence, retribution for wrongs, initiation and so on.

The vivid and lively words in the classics not only broaden people's thinking space, but also expand many far-reaching words, such as: a deep, six pure, knife head licking honey, Hedong lion roar, uninvited friends, illness and medicine, boundless mana, enlightenment, improvisation, unconscious, not that is, not leaving, the heart is blooming, the root of the ear is pure, free, self-deceptive, self-deception, the world of flowers, cocooning and self-restraint, short-lived, taste and chew wax, gather sand into a tower, show up to say, all happy, all the world, all the world, There is no obstacle to debating.

In particular, there are many beautiful and thought-provoking Bunsen and parable stories in Buddhist scriptures, which were introduced into China and loved by everyone, and with the recitation for a long time, they have further evolved into familiar idioms, such as: wishful thinking, spitting lotus flowers, giving lotus flowers step by step, scattering flowers from the heavenly maiden, borrowing flowers to offer Buddha, falling from the sky, blind people touching elephants, pavilions in the air, fishing for the moon in the well, nodding the stubborn stone, grinding bricks for mirrors, and being fortunate in three lives.

In addition, the Chinese proverbs that reflect folk customs and reveal the various social conditions are also full of strong Buddhist thoughts, such as: Buddha wants gold, people want clothes; Guanyin in every house, Amitabha in every household; I usually don't burn incense, and I come in a hurry (temporarily) to hold Buddha's feet; Nothing to do is not to go to the Three Treasures Palace; Good is rewarded with good, evil is rewarded with evil, it is not that it is not not reported, the hour has not come; Good and evil will be rewarded in the end, only to fight for early and late; Medicine and medicine do not die and disease, and the Buddha is destined to be a person; For example, when people drink water, they know their own warmth and coldness; Put down the butcher's knife and become a Buddha on the ground; The bitter sea is boundless, and the shore is turned back.

Liang Qichao, a scholar at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, once said: "The man who speaks the language, so he represents the concept, and adds 35,000 words, that is, adds 35,000 concepts." Zhu Qingzhi, a doctor of literature, also said

Without studying the Chinese Buddhist scriptures, it is impossible to write a true Middle Chinese text, especially the history of Middle Chinese vocabulary. ”

Vima Sutra, "Hundred Yu Sutra", etc., inspired the creation of China's Jin and Tang dynasties; Colloquial, change the text to the later plain language, small.

The formation of Chinese popular literature such as Shuo and opera has a certain origin; Zen quotations were not only emulated by Song and Ming scholars, but also influenced later works of folk literature.

Many Buddhist terms have become indispensable in modern life. For example, the words we use: world, moment, etc., are all words produced by the translation of Buddhist scriptures.

A lot of idioms come from Buddhist scriptures....According to statistics, after Buddhism was introduced to China, more than 35,000 new words were added to China, enriching the connotation of Chinese literature, such as the vast number of sentient beings, the cause and effect, the ten worlds, the ten heinous ones, the sea and sand, the five bodies cast into the earth, the world, the catastrophe, the rest of the life, the difference of one thought, spotless, transcendental, satisfying, supernatural powers, retribution, initiation, and so on. There are also some words in Buddhist scriptures that are too broad, so they are transliterated directly, and I have read an article before that says...The word "Prajna" is a transliteration of Fan, pronounced "Bojak.""…The meaning of "wisdom, aura" seems to refer to a kind of flower in the desert...In addition, this kind of transliteration of the Buddhist language to name it feels very connotative...

It has the influence of promoting ideology and culture.

There is an impact on the promotion of the art world.

There is an impact on the promotion of the literary world.

It has the influence of promoting ideology and culture.

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Xuanzang, Kumarosh, and Zhenyi are known as the three major translators of Buddhist scriptures in China.