The difference between Tao Yuanming and Su Shi, how to understand Tao Yuanming

Tao Yuanming's works are sincere, simple and natural, and sometimes reveal the idea of escaping reality and knowing his fate, and he is known as the "pastoral poet".

"Poverty and happiness" is Tao Yuanming's code of conduct. His so-called "Tao" focuses on personal morality and discipline, reflecting his hope to make meritorious contributions and retire after success, just like Shu Guang said to Shu Shou, "contentment is not humiliating, and knowledge is not lost". He also considers the problem of wealth and poverty, and there is often a contradiction in his heart between the poor and the pursuit of wealth, but he can use the Tao to find a balance

The rich and the poor are often at war, and the Tao is victorious.

Advocating nature is Tao Yuanming's deeper philosophical thinking on life.

In short, Tao Yuanming's thought can be summarized in this way: by removing the acquired "pseudo-self" that has been tainted by the world, in order to return to a "true self". Tao Yuanming saw the decay of society, but he had no power to change it, so he had to pursue his own moral perfection.

He saw the crisis of society, but he could not find the right way to save it, so he had to turn to the restoration of humanity. This may be partially achieved by himself, especially in the poetry he creates, but it is not effective as a remedy for society.

Su Shi was an outstanding poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, and he opposed Wang Anshi's more rapid reform measures, nor did he agree with Sima Guang's abolition of the new law, so he was ostracized between the old and new parties, and his career was very bumpy.

His thoughts are in and out of Confucianism and Taoism, mixed with Buddhism and Zen, and he can not only pay attention to the government and people's livelihood, maintain independent opinions, but also adapt to the situation and live in the world. The vast and well-informed knowledge and talent and the life experience that have endured many hardships have also become Su Shi's poetry in a variety of genres, with a wide range of content and novel ideas, presenting the atmosphere of "swallowing five lakes and three rivers". His life's political satirical poems have profound practical significance.

Lin Yutang said in "The Biography of Su Dongpo" that Su Shi was proud of comparing himself to Tao Qian:

In this rural atmosphere, he felt that his life was becoming more and more like the life of the idyllic poet Tao Qian, and he greatly admired Tao Qian. Tao Qian was also because when Peng Zehui was in the meeting, the county sent the governor to the mail, and the county officials told him that he should wear official clothes and belts to meet each other, Tao Qian refused to bend his waist to the tax collectors sent from above, that is, he removed the seal ribbon and went to his post and returned to the nongsang. Su Dongpo wrote a poem saying that Tao Qian must be his predecessor.

One is from the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the other is from the Northern Song Dynasty.

Tao Yuanming, noble, indifferent.

Su Shi is heroic and informal.

Tao Yuanming's poems are mainly pastoral, and Su Shi's poems are based on Suzhou and Hangzhou.

Tao Yuanming pays more attention to internal recuperation.

Tao Yuanming:

Tao Yuanming is good at poetry and rhetoric, and his poems mostly depict natural scenery and the scene of life in the countryside, and this pastoral life is also the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems, among which the excellent works convey the boredom of officialdom and secular society, showing his self-cleanliness and reluctance to bend to meet the aspiration, but also promote "life is impermanent", "happy destiny" and other negative thoughts.

Its artistic characteristics are both plain and hearty, the language is simple and natural, and it is extremely refined, with a unique style. Tao Yuanming is the first pastoral poet in China, and his poems focus on lyricism and speech. The lyricism, scene writing, and argumentation are closely integrated, and the scenes are blended, which reflects the author's personality, his self-appreciation and his non-cohabitation with the world.

Introduction:

Tao Yuanming (c. 365 427), male, character Yuanliang, changed his name to Qian in his later years, character Yuanming. Alias Mr. Wuliu, privately known as Mr. Jingjie, known as Mr. Jingjie. Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) people, a Yifeng people.

From the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the beginning of the Liu Song Dynasty, he was an outstanding poet, poet, and essayist. It is known as "the ancestor of the hermit poet" and "the originator of the pastoral poetry school". He is the first literary giant in Jiangxi.

He once served as Jiangzhou sacrificial wine, Jianwei joined the army, the town army joined the army, Pengze County Order, etc., the last time he was the Pengze County Order, he abandoned his post for more than 80 days, and since then he has returned to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, known as the "Sect of Ancient and Modern Hidden Poets", and has "Tao Yuan Ming Collection".

Su Shi commented on Tao Yuanming's [quality and substance, and solidity].

Looking at the Tang people's "landscape idyll" poems, we can't taste the "originator of landscape poetry" Tao Yuanming style in the Eastern Jin Dynasty"The feeling of "retreat", even if there is a glimpse of it, I always feel that I lack a little determination to escape from the world. Most of the landscape poems of the Tang people are based on the true interest of nature, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant, fresh and comfortable, refreshing and refreshing, and most of the landscape poems they create are beautiful and quiet, simple and elegant.

Xiao Tong's "Selected Preface" said: "Fake things are not as good as the real image, and fake colors are not as good as nature" ("Wenjing Secret Mansion Treatise" South Volume "** Yi"), this creative concept has a certain representation among the Tang people, so the Tang people still have no intention of learning pottery. This phenomenon gradually changed in the Song Dynasty, and it appeared in the works of Song Dynasty poets of the same style"Tao Shi pastoral style", especially the great writer Su Shi of the Song Dynasty.

The ancients' evaluation of Tao Yuanming:

1. Liang Shiqiu's evaluation of it: The extreme of splendor is bland, but the mediocre is not the mediocre flat, the light is not the light and tasteless light, and the blandness is an artistic charm that does not show the traces of the axe and chisel.

2. Su Shi's evaluation of it: dry on the outside and cream in the middle, it seems to be light and beautiful.

3, Gong Zizhen's evaluation: Tao Qian is similar to Wolonghao, and the ancient Xunyang pine chrysanthemum is high. The Moxin poet is actually bland, divided into "Liang Fu" and "Sao".

4. Wang Guowei's evaluation of it: Poets of less than three generations are no more than Zi Yuanming, Mei, and Zizhan. If these four sons do not have the genius of literature, they will be self-sufficient for eternity.

5, Meng Haoran commented on it: Reading "The Biography of Gao Shi", the best Tao Zhengjun, looking at the idyllic and idyllic, self-proclaimed Xihuang.

6, Li Bo's evaluation of it: Tao Ling is drunk every day, and he doesn't know Wuliuchun. The piano has no strings, and the kudzu scarf is used for drinking. Under the north window of the breeze, he calls himself the Xihuang people. When to Lili, see your relatives.

The evaluation is as follows

Mr. Dongpo was demoted to Hainan, and his family was placed at the foot of Luofu Mountain, only crossing the sea with his youngest son Su Guo carrying a burden; I repaired the hut and lived in it, and ate sweet potatoes and taro every day, but I never wanted expensive food in the gorgeous house. I have no other hobbies in my life, and I use books and history as gardens and articles as performances, which are now abandoned.

I especially like to write poems, which are profound and mysterious, and I can't see the aging and exhaustion of the old man at all. At that time, Su Zhe was also moved to Haikang, and wrote to him: "Ancient poets imitated ancient poems, but did not have works that matched the poems of the ancients.

The poems of the ancients began with me. As a poet, I don't have any other hobbies, only Tao Yuanming's poems. Tao Yuanming doesn't write many poems, but his poems look simple and gorgeous, and they look simple but actually very plump.

Cao Zhi, Liu Kun, Bao Zhao, Xie Lingyun, Li Bai, Du Fu and others are not comparable to Fenglun.

There are a total of one hundred and nine poems before and after me and him, among which the poems I am proud of are no worse than Tao Yuanming. Now I plan to collect it together and record it for future generations of gentlemen. Let them understand my interests.

But for Tao Yuanming, do I just like his poems? For example, I have a lot of feelings about his personality.

When Tao Yuanming was dying, he wrote to his son Tao Yan and others: 'I have been poor since I was a child, and whenever my family is poor, I will run around. The character is upright and has limited talents, and it is incompatible with the world, and I think that I must let the world hate it, say goodbye to the world, and dispel the belief that you can endure hunger and cold when you are young.

Tao Yuanming's words should be the truth.

Tao Yuanming, renamed Qian in his later years, the character Yuanliang, the name "Mr. Wuliu", the nickname "Mr. Jingjie", was born in a declining family of eunuchs, and was the first outstanding landscape idyllic poet in China.

Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of idyllic poetry. His pastoral poems opened up a new world for the Chinese poetry circle with their simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, and were loved by many literature lovers, and even directly influenced the pastoral poetry school of the Tang Dynasty.

Tao's poems are plain and natural, refreshing, his poems show the simple taste of rural life, describe the quiet and beautiful rural scenery, not only show the poet's love for rural life, but also show the resolute sentiment of breaking with dirty politics.

Su Shi once said in "The Book with Su Zhe", "I have nothing to do with poets, and there are not many poems written by Yuanming, but their poetry quality is real, and they are solid and solid, since Cao, Liu, Bao, Xie, Li, and Du, all of them are better." Su Dongpo put Tao Shi above Li Bai and Du Fu, which was unfair, but he used the words "quality and substance, and solidity and substance" to summarize Tao Shi's artistic style, which is still very accurate. Su Dongpo regarded Tao Yuanming as a mentor and friend all his life, not only loved his poetry, but also admired him as a person.

He once commented on Tao Yuanming: "If you want to be a person, you should not be suspicious of it; If you want to hide, you will hide, and you will not take it as high. If they are hungry, they will knock on the door and beg for food; When you are full, the chicken millet welcomes the guests.

Ancient and modern sages, expensive and true. "People are true, poetry is also true, poetry is true from people, this is the main reason why Tao poetry has an enduring charm. In his later years, Su Shi said in "The Book with Su Zhe":

I am ashamed of the abyss, and I want to use the evening to teach it in case".