Why re study Das Kapital

A few days ago, I chatted with my big brother about this topic of "Capital", and when I was in school, I only remembered a general meaning about the capitalists' exploitation of surplus value by the proletariat.

I think it's normal to think about surplus value, whoever is the capitalist must be the one who gets the most profits, this is right, and it also bears more risks and responsibilities. Just like a salesman, or the general manager of a company, they make mistakes, such as the same mistake, obviously the general manager takes more risks, more pressure, and the same reason should be more, so I think the previous understanding of capital is wrong, but one of the points, it is not appropriate to compare the real examples with a point.

Then again, what is a capitalist and what is capitalism, in simple terms, it is the capitalist who controls the means of production, but he is a small capitalist and gives rise to an employment relationship. For example, the owner of the hotel can not work, he owns the means of production of the hotel, as long as the hotel exists, he can bring a steady stream of income, and he can not work, he is a capitalist; But if it is replaced by a person who washes dishes in this restaurant, for example, if he does not work, he will not pay her salary, that is, he is a proletariat, not a capitalist, this is the most basic understanding.

In short, go to what the scriptures say: You must sweat so that you can eat. Recognizing this truth, let's talk about the truth more generally, in this month's social game, who is the maker of the rules of the game, is the boss, who is the participant of the rules of the game, is the worker.

Therefore, the person who sets the rules of the game and the person who participates in the rules of the game is the relationship between employment and employment. Society is still improving. This relationship between China is getting weaker and weaker, and although it is weakened, it will not disappear.

Therefore, if you want to achieve class relocation, you must master the means of production, and then create an employment relationship. At the beginning, in the *** era, a person who sells melon seeds and employs more than 5 people may be criticized, or Deng Gong is wise, leave a sentence, let this go and take a look, don't comment on capitalism and other words too early.

Love can withstand the years, this is a changing world.

Today we are going to re-read Capital for the following reasons:

Before Marxism, there was already political economy, but it was the political economy of bourgeois Qingchun. Bourgeois political economy regards the "national wealth" as the object of study, only stresses the relationship between things, and does not talk about the special social relations between people, and regards the capitalist relations of production as something that has existed since ancient times and exists forever.

Through the creation of Capital, Marx achieved a fundamental revolution in political economy and made epoch-making contributions to the development of political economy.

Capital explicitly takes the capitalist relations of production as the object of study, and uses the materialist dialectic as the guide to use the scientific abstract method to conduct research, thus scientifically establishing the object and method of political economy for the first time.

On the basis of criticizing the axiology of bourgeois classical political economy, Capital creatively analyzes the duality of labor and establishes a scientific labor theory of value, thus laying a theoretical foundation for political economy.

Capital is one of Marx's works on economics and consists of three volumes. The first volume is the opening chapter of the book, which deals with the exchange of commodities and money, the value of labor and surplus value, and the accumulation and expansion of capital.

In the first volume, Marx examines in detail the nature of commodity exchange and the laws of this exchange, and he expounds the theory that commodities can gain value through the exchange of money. The concept of "value" is first invoked in the book, and Marx reveals that the essence of value generation is labor, and in particular he elaborates on the concept of surplus value, that is, the value that wage workers create for producers in excess of the cost of their consumption.

In his study of capital accumulation and expansion, Marx explained how capitalists can pursue ways to maximize profits by acquiring more surplus value. At the same time, he also identified the basic contradictions that exist within the capitalist economic system and the possible causes of the economic crisis. In short, the first volume of Capital has important theoretical significance and practical guiding value, and plays an irreplaceable role in the in-depth understanding and analysis of the modern market economy.

Capital is Marx's magnum opus, a classic work on the study of the capitalist mode of production and the laws of economic development.

It addresses the following major issues:

The nature of capital. Marx pointed out that the openness of capital is a social relation, which brings together the factors of production, labor and means of production. Capital grows and expands by exploiting the surplus value of labor.

The basic contradictions of capitalism. Marx analyzed the basic contradiction of capitalist society, the contradiction between the socialization of social production and the privatization of capital. This contradiction will eventually lead to the collapse of capitalism.

Labor Theory of Value. Marx proposed that the quantity of labor determines the value of commodities, and he expounded the labor theory of value with specific cases, revealing the labor exploitation relationship behind the commodity exchange in capitalist society.

Theory of surplus value. Marx pointed out that after purchasing labor power, the capitalist obtains the part of the value created by labor power that exceeds the wage by extending the working hours and increasing the degree of strong nuclear combustion of work, which is "surplus value". Surplus value is the only thing that capital accumulates.

The law of capitalist economic development. Marx analysed how the machine industry could drive capitalism and increase productivity, while at the same time exacerbating class antagonism and economic crisis. He predicted that capitalism, due to its inherent contradictions, would collapse and be replaced by socialism.

Therefore, Capital is a theoretical masterpiece that studies the capitalist mode of production, reveals the laws of capitalist economic movement, and analyzes the nature of capitalist exploitation. It profoundly revealed the basic economic relations and laws of movement of capitalist society, and had a profound impact on world economic thought.

1. Can the outbreak of the financial crisis really make Capital popular again?

After the outbreak of the current financial crisis, it is said that in Britain, Germany, and other Western European countries, Das Kapital became a great seller, and its sales increased several times or even dozens of times compared with the past. It is also reported that Germany and France have also begun to study Das Kapital. This information gives the Chinese people the impression that Marx is back and that "Capital" is about to start "catching fire" again.

Of course, some Marxist economists in China are even more overjoyed, feeling as if the day has finally come. Because since the nineties of the last century, Marxist economics has been seriously squeezed out by Western economics in China, and even some so-called authoritative academic journals have refused to publish the study of Marxist economics at all. Of course, this is a very abnormal academic phenomenon, and economists such as Liu Guoguang have put forward serious criticisms, and have attracted great attention.

As a result, in recent years, the environment for the study of Marxist economics in China has changed slightly.

However, I believe that a financial crisis cannot fundamentally change the weak position of Marxist economics in China's academic circles. Although the financial crisis has proved the existence of the contradictions of capitalism, although the financial crisis has proved that Marx's "Capital" is effective in its criticism of capitalism, and although there is a Marxist theoretical research and construction project, "Capital" still cannot become the object of respect and reading by almost all readers as it did in the eighties of the last century, nor will it become a compulsory reading for all economics students.