What are the current specifications of photovoltaic modules?

The most commonly used now should be 250WP tablets.

Single crystal silicon. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is about 15%, and the highest is 24%, which is the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency among all kinds of solar cells, but the production cost is very large, so that it can not be widely and widely used in large quantities. Since monocrystalline silicon is generally encapsulated with tempered glass and waterproof resin, it is robust and durable, with a service life of up to 15 years and up to 25 years.

Polysilicon. The manufacturing process of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is similar to that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is much lower, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is about 12% (on July 1, 2004, Japan's Sharp was launched with the world's highest efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar cells). In terms of production cost, it is cheaper than monocrystalline silicon solar cells, and the materials are easy to manufacture, save electricity consumption, and the total production cost is low, so it has been developed a lot.

In addition, polycrystalline silicon solar cells also have a shorter lifespan than monocrystalline silicon solar cells. In terms of performance, monocrystalline silicon solar cells are slightly better.

Amorphous silicon. Amorphous silicon solar cell is a new type of thin-film solar cell that appeared in 1976, it is completely different from the manufacturing method of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar cell, the process is greatly simplified, the silicon material consumption is very small, the power consumption is lower, and its main advantage is that it can generate electricity in low light conditions. However, the main problem of amorphous silicon solar cells is that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the international advanced level is about 10%, and it is not stable enough, and its conversion efficiency decays with the extension of time.

Diversified. Multi-compound solar cells refer to solar cells that are not made of a single element of semiconductor material. There are many varieties studied in various countries, most of which have not yet been industrially produced, mainly as follows:

a) Cadmium sulfide solar cells.

b) Gallium arsenide solar cells.

c) Cu-indium selenide solar cells (novel multi-bandgap gradient Cu(in, Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells[4]

Photovoltaic modules. It is mainly composed of cells (cells are divided into polycrystalline and monocrystalline), glass, and backsheets. According to the factory grade, it is divided into vertical grade A, B, and C grade components.

1. Class A components: mainly used in ground power stations, distributed power stations, household systems, etc., with a life span of more than 25 years.

2. Class B components: mainly used for street lights, off-grid systems, battery cars, etc., with a life span of 5 years. Such components are Class A downgraded components or produced from Class B materials.

3. Class C components: mainly used in areas with underdeveloped electricity, and the service life is unknown.

A simple way to distinguish between Class A, B, and C components.

These phenomena do not occur in Class A electric surplus plum pool tablets:

Poor appearance: pigmentation.

chromatic aberration, aluminum thorns, bulges, broken grids, nodes, graphic offsets, missing corners, chipping, notches, etc.; Poor packaging of the module: backplane failure, virtual soldering of the cell, over-welding, poor sealing, scratches of the backplane, scratches of the frame, scratches of the glass; Junction box.

Poor packaging, etc.

Class B and C modules are those whose appearance and electrical properties do not reach Class A in the production process, or Class B and Class C modules that are directly produced. It is not easy to distinguish intuitively and visually, and the best way is professional inspection.

The grade of PV modules is generally divided into three levels: A, B, and C. Among them, the conversion efficiency of A-level modules is higher, the service life is longer, and the ** is also relatively high; Class B modules have conversion efficiency and lifetime between Class A and Class C, with correspondingly medium**; Class C modules have lower conversion efficiency, a relatively shorter lifespan, and are less expensive. It should be noted that the classification criteria for module grades may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.

There are several grades of photovoltaic modules leaving the factory.

Photovoltaic cell photovoltaic hidden crack, photovoltaic module sealing.

1.Distinguish the grade of photovoltaic modules, first look at the color of the whole photovoltaic panel, whether there is a color difference, the color is basically the same, there is no obvious color difference, as a grade A board, the color difference is small for the B grade board, serious for the C grade board, you must pay attention to the observation when purchasing!

2.Photovoltaic modules are cracked, and generally need to be tested by professional sales machines, but there will also be some second- and third-tier manufacturers on the market who sell cracked modules directly to end customers.

The role of tempered glass is to protect the main body of power generation (such as cells), and the selection of light transmission is required, and the light transmittance must be high (generally more than 91%);

EVA is used to bond and fix the tempered glass and the main body of power generation (such as cells), the advantages and disadvantages of transparent EVA material directly affect the life of the module, and the EVA exposed to the air is easy to age and yellow, which affects the light transmittance of the module, thereby affecting the power generation quality of the module In addition to the quality of EVA itself.

The impact of the lamination process of module manufacturers is also very large, such as the EVA adhesive bond is not up to standard, and the bonding strength between EVA and tempered glass and backplate is not enough, which will cause EVA to age prematurely and affect the life of the module.

Photovoltaic cells are the most important and basic power generation units of photovoltaic modules

Therefore, the quality of PV modules depends largely on the quality of PV cells, so whether a module manufacturer has its own cell factory can be used as an important evaluation criterion.

A home photovoltaic power generation system is mainly composed of photovoltaic modules, inverters, brackets, cables and other components. Through my understanding, the current reasonable construction cost of household photovoltaic power generation system is about 5-10 yuan.

Solar cell module composition and function of each part:

1) Tempered glass is used to protect the main body of power generation (such as cells), and the selection of light transmission is required, 1The light transmittance must be high (generally more than 91%); 2.Ultra-white tempered treatment.

2) EVA is used to bond and fix the tempered glass and the main body of power generation (such as cells), the advantages and disadvantages of transparent EVA material directly affect the life of the module, and the EVA exposed to the air is easy to age and yellow, thereby affecting the light transmittance of the module, thereby affecting the power generation quality of the moduleIn addition to the quality of EVA itself, the lamination process of the module manufacturer also has a very large impact, such as the EVA adhesive bonding is not up to standard, and the bonding strength between EVA and the tempered glass and backplate is not enough, which will cause EVA to age prematurely and affect the life of the module.

3) The main role of the cell is to generate electricity, the main power generation market is the mainstream crystalline silicon solar cells, thin-film solar cells, both have their own advantages and disadvantages of crystalline silicon solar cells, the equipment cost is relatively low, but the consumption and cell cost is very high, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high, the power generation in outdoor sunlight is more suitable for thin-film solar cells, the relative equipment cost is higher, but the consumption and battery cost is very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of the crystalline silicon cell, but the weak light effect is very good, It can also generate electricity under ordinary lights, such as the solar cells on the calculator.

4) EVA functions as above, mainly bonding and encapsulating the power generation body and backplane.

5) Backplane function, sealing, insulation, waterproof (generally used TPT, TPE and other materials must be age-resistant, most module manufacturers warranty is 25 years, tempered glass, aluminum alloy is generally no problem, the key is to meet the requirements with the backplane and silicone. ）

6) Aluminum alloy protects the laminate, which plays a certain role in sealing and supporting.

7) Junction box protects the whole power generation system, plays the role of a current transfer station, if the component short-circuit junction box automatically disconnects the short-circuit battery string to prevent burning out the whole system junction box The most critical thing is the selection of diodes, according to the type of cells in the module, the corresponding diodes are not the same.

8) Silicone sealing, used to seal the junction between the component and the aluminum alloy frame, the component and the junction box Some companies use double-sided adhesive strips and foam to replace silica gel, and the domestic commonly used silica gel, the process is simple, convenient, easy to operate, and the cost is very low.

Summary. Commonly used cables are:

European standard: Yes, there are also some larger cables: 10mm US standard: 14AWG, 12AWG, 10AWG.

The battery capacity should be determined according to the power generation performance of the photovoltaic panels, the power consumption of the load, the minimum cloudy interval, and the duration of continuous power supply to the load according to the actual situation. For example, the existing 1000 watt photovoltaic panels, the daily electricity consumption of the load is 1 kWh, the average minimum cloudy day interval of the whole year is 3 days, and the system must ensure that the load is supplied with power for 5 consecutive days. The analysis process is as follows:

1000 watts of photovoltaic panels, theoretically one hour of electricity generation 1 kilowatt-hour, considering the heat transmission and other losses, the actual hourly power generation may be kilowatt-hours, assuming that the actual daily effective full load power generation time is 4 hours, then the photovoltaic panels can produce one kilowatt-hour of electricity. If the daily electricity consumption of the load is 1 kWh, then the remaining power per day is kWh. If the battery wants to ensure stable power supply for the load in 5 consecutive rainy days, and the power supply loss of the battery is, then the battery should be able to store at least one kilowatt-hour of electricity, and according to the actual remaining power per day, it can meet the full battery within 3 days before the arrival of the next rainy day.

Therefore, in this working condition, the optional battery can be considered not less than the degree of storage capacity.

What is the size of the cable used for photovoltaic modules.

Commonly used cables are:

European standard: Yes, there are also some larger cables: 10mm US standard: 14AWG, 12AWG, 10AWG.

The battery capacity should be determined according to the power generation performance of the photovoltaic panels, the power consumption of the load, the minimum cloudy interval, and the duration of continuous power supply to the load according to the actual situation. For example, the existing 1000 watt photovoltaic panels, the daily electricity consumption of the load is 1 kWh, the average minimum cloudy day interval of the whole year is 3 days, and the system must ensure that the load is supplied with power for 5 consecutive days. The analysis process is as follows:

1000 watts of photovoltaic panels, theoretically one hour of electricity generation 1 kilowatt-hour, considering the heat transmission and other losses, the actual hourly power generation may be kilowatt-hours, assuming that the actual daily effective full load power generation time is 4 hours, then the photovoltaic panels can produce one kilowatt-hour of electricity. If the daily electricity consumption of the load is 1 kWh, then the remaining power per day is kWh. If the battery wants to ensure stable power supply for the load in 5 consecutive rainy days, and the power supply loss of the battery is, then the battery should be able to store at least one kilowatt-hour of electricity, and according to the actual remaining power per day, it can meet the full battery within 3 days before the arrival of the next rainy day.

Therefore, in this working condition, the optional battery can be considered not less than the degree of storage capacity.

Hello hello hello I am 110 inverter with what size of the cable.

120 square copper cables are required.

With the Lu line too. Try to use copper wire.

Hope it helps, dear