What are the academic misconduct in scientific research?

The most fundamental difference between research misconduct and research misconduct is that they are distinguished by whether they violate the rules of the scientific community.

1. Scientific research misconduct:

The international scientific and technological community refers to serious violations of basic scientific integrity as misconduct in science (or scientific misconduct), which is very close to the connotation of scientific research violations and scientific research deviance.

From the perspective of domestic and foreign situations, scientific research misconduct has the following three characteristics: first, it violates the general ethical standards of the scientific community, or seriously deviates from the norms of behavior in related research fields; second, the misconduct was deliberate, knowing, or unscrupulous; Third, misconduct does not include honest mistakes or differences of opinion.

2. Research Misconduct:

Questionable research practice (QRP) refers to the behavior that violates the purpose and spirit of science and the basic moral principles of scientific research, but does not directly violate the moral bottom line of clearly defined research activities. Research misconduct Misconduct is sometimes also known as academic misconduct.

1. The main characteristics of scientific research misconduct are as follows: First, scientific research misconduct is premised on the premise that it does not violate the rules of the scientific community, and it is not an illegal act. Scientific research misconduct is an existing problem in terms of rationality under the premise of complying with the principle of legality, and it is improper within the scope of compliance, and scientific misconduct outside the scope of compliance is already scientific research misconduct.

Scientific misconduct is first and foremost a violation of the statutes of the scientific community, while scientific misconduct is an act committed by a scientific researcher within the limits of his or her discretion, and therefore it is not in itself a violation.

Second, although scientific misconduct is not expressly prohibited by the statute of the scientific community, it is unreasonable and has the characteristics of being unreasonable, unjust, and unethical to science.

The fundamental reason why a scientific research act is a scientific research misconduct is that it violates the purpose, principle and spirit of science, and the scientific research behavior is unjust, inappropriate and unethical to science. In quantitative terms, research misconduct is far more common than outright research misconduct.

2. Manifestations of scientific research misconduct: From the perspective of manifestations, the academic circles of major countries in the world are more inclined to strictly define three types of scientific research misconduct, namely fabrication, tampering, and plagiarism (FFP). In the scientific and technological circles of our country, some scholars call these three types of behaviors the "three main crimes" in scientific research.

1) The purpose of exchanges and cooperation in scientific research and academic fields should be to promote academic research and scientific and technological progress, and should not be carried out in the name of academic exchanges and cooperation, but in fact, small group gatherings, tourism and other activities unrelated to academics. Never take anything.

2) Academic exchanges and academic debates should be about the academic itself and its issues, and should not be mixed with other purposes and topics unrelated to academics, especially not personal attacks or slander of others for personal reasons.

3) Academic exchanges advocate active and equal participation, and should not be interfered with by factors such as position and qualifications, including raising reasonable doubts about others' academic opinions, research methods, research results, etc. based on their own research, and should be treated sincerely and realistically when questioned by others.

4) Establish cooperative research between scientific researchers or scientific research institutions, especially between scientific research institutions and enterprises, and when establishing cooperative relations, a pre-agreement should be reached on some details of the cooperative relationship and aspects that are likely to cause disputes in the future, so as to ensure the smooth progress of cooperation and protect the interests of both parties.

Doing the right academic approach as a graduate student is:Invest a considerable amount of time and energy, start from the specifics, start from the details, think repeatedly about the research problem, and find out your own research motivation. The act of academic misconduct is:Plagiarism of other people's opinions, self-plagiarism, multiple submissions, excessive citations, total plagiarism, etc.

Academic misconduct is governed in the following ways:

1.Keep it original. The originality requirement is not only the originality of **, but even the math answers, the content needs to be original, because the assignment deadline is imminent, and it is more difficult for many students to remain original when submitting their assignments, but it is not the cause of academic deception.

Therefore, we need students' references and annotations, and we need to pay attention to one-to-one integrity, so that we will not fall into the abyss of academic fraud. Plagiarism and cheating are strictly prohibited.

2.Unauthorized use of any external source falls under the category of plagiarism. Even a student's past assignments or ** should not be plagiarized completely.

Anyone who violates the rules will be subject to severe penalties such as probation, suspension or even expulsion, so before writing an article, you need to plan enough time to find literature and take notes to lay the foundation for the article.

3.Pay attention to the rules when working in small groups, sometimes students will be asked to work together in small groups to work together, however, since professors play an important role in judging academic integrity, you need to understand what the professor expects of the assignment before completing it. It is a violation of the university's academic integrity regulations to cooperate with others or accept assistance from others without the consent of the professor.

4.Avoid carelessness or over-reliance, many students go abroad and think that plagiarism is plagiarism of the original text, when in fact misquoting other people's words, opinions, and opinions will be considered plagiarism.

Research misconduct takes the form of fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.

Plagiarism refers to the fraudulent act of copying the scientific research results of others or ** in whole or in part, and publishing them in their own name. It includes not only the direct use of the words and content of other people's works, but also the use and publication of the chaotic thoughts, opinions, structures, systems and other elements of other people's academic works as the basic elements of one's own treatises.

The manifestations of research misconduct are detailed below:

1. Meaning of scientific research misconduct:

1. Providing false information in the professional titles, resumes and research foundations of relevant personnel, plagiarizing and plagiarizing other people's scientific research results, fabricating or tampering with scientific research data, and violating the provisions of informed consent and privacy protection in research involving the human body.

2. Violations of laboratory animal protection norms may constitute scientific research misconduct, falsification, tampering or plagiarism in the process of declaring, carrying out or evaluating research projects, and reporting research conclusions.

2. Manifestations of scientific research misconduct:

1. Providing false information on the resumes of relevant personnel's professional titles and research foundations, etc., which are characterized by providing false professional title resumes and research basic information to obtain improper benefits. For example, intermediate professional titles, pretending to be senior professional titles, declaring projects that can only be declared by senior professional titles, fictitious study abroad experience, etc.

2. Plagiarizing the scientific research achievements of others, the special point of this kind of behavior is to sign the scientific research results of others as one's own scientific research results, or change the scientific research results of others as one's own scientific research results, etc., which is a typical dishonest behavior in scientific research.

3. Fabricating or tampering with scientific research data, which is characterized by using false scientific research data as the real scientific research data answer, or deliberately changing the corresponding data for a certain result. Since scientific research data is the basis for the formation of scientific unity theory, fabrication or tampering with data will inevitably lead to the distortion of scientific research conclusions. This is a category of dishonesty that the scientific community cannot tolerate.

1. The concept of academic ethics is weak and the style of study is impetuous. 2. Rhetoric, nothing to say, copy and copy, rigid thinking, and work behind closed doors.

3. Be anxious for quick success and quick profit, and pursue the shortness and speed of the research process.

4. Violating the scientific paradigm, not seeking facts, not seeking empirical evidence, falsifying or tampering with the original experimental data.

Academic misconduct refers to the fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or falsification of academic qualifications or work history in recommending a research plan, engaging in scientific research, reviewing scientific research, or reporting research results.

This does not include honest errors and different interpretations and judgments of things.

Some people also believe that academic misconduct mainly refers to the bad behavior of scholars involved in plagiarism and plagiarism, and also refers to the malicious behavior of scholars who submit multiple manuscripts. Plagiarism mainly refers to the fact that the plagiarist will copy the words of the person who has plagiarized them, transfer them into their own treatise without modification, and publish them as their own results; Plagiarism mainly refers to the plagiarist who transforms the plagiarized person's words or academic views into his own treatise, and publishes them as Ho Mingxiang's own results. Plagiarism is overt, and plagiarism is surreptitiously and secretly.