Ask for Sartre s lecture Existentialism is a Humanism .

Sartre said in "Existentialism is a Humanism":

Atheistic existentialism -- I'm one of its representatives -- I'm more self-justifying; It asserts that if God does not exist, then at least one thing always exists before its essence; There must be the existence of this thing first, and then what concept can be used to explain it. This thing is man, or according to Heidegger, human reality.

What do we mean when we say that existence precedes essence? It means that first there are people, people who meet themselves and emerge in the world, and then they define themselves. If man cannot be defined in the eyes of existentialists, it is because at first man cannot say anything.

So he can talk about it later, and then he will be the kind of person he thinks he is. So, there is no human nature because there is no God who provides a concept of a person. People are people.

This is not only to say that he is who he thinks he is, but also that he is willing to be what he is willing to be after he (from nothing) from non-existence to existence. Man is nothing but what he thinks he is. This is the first principle of existentialism.

And that's what people call it "subjectivity," and they use the word subjective wisdom to condemn us. But what else do we mean by subjectivity other than that a person has greater dignity than a stone or a table? What we mean by this is that man is first and foremost a being before he can talk about anything else, he is first of all something that pushes him into the future and feels that he is doing so.

Man is indeed a project with a subjective life, not a moss or a fungus, or a cauliflower. Nothing exists before throwing himself into the future, not even in the paradise of reason; It is only when man is trying to become something that he achieves a sellable existence. But it wasn't what he wanted to be.

Because what we generally understand as "wanting" or "intentioning" is often a conscious decision we make when we make ourselves what we are. I could have thought of attending a banquet, writing a book, or getting married, but in that case, what is commonly referred to as "my will" is likely to reflect a previous and more spontaneous decision.

However, if existence really precedes essence, man is responsible for who he is. So the first consequence of existentialism is to make everyone understand who he is, and to take full responsibility for his own existence. Also, when we say that man is responsible for himself, we are not referring to him being responsible only for his own personality, but for all people.

Existentialism focuses on the self-consciousness at this moment, emphasizing self-awareness and self-experience, starting from the individual consciousness of the self to express the individual self's understanding of the world and others, and asserting that all thinking judgments are understood from the perspective of "me", so there is no need to easily echo others, identify with others or even the whole world.

Therefore, emotions such as pain, suffering, and loneliness in the eyes of ordinary people can be used as a way to express the meaning of "self-actual existence" from the perspective of cognition and understanding of self-existence. Such a presence is the way to prove the integrity of one's independence.

Therefore, no matter how different the ideological expressions of existentialists are, they have a common feature in realizing people's self-awakening, so existentialism is a kind of humanism, that is, humanism that takes people's consciousness and behavior as the main object of thinking.

Marxist philosophy believes that people are a part of society, attaches importance to people's social behavior and social performance, talks about the crowd, class, and is a collection of individuals, and talks about "socialism" rather than "individualism", so the two should conflict with each other.

Existentialism says that all existence is reasonable, which is essentially a kind of respect for human rights, and Marx's philosophy has no essential conflict with it.

Existentialism must accept everything and bear everything, and it is impossible to take for granted the world of reverie, which is nothing that does not exist and is contrary to the real society, and it is impossible for people to admit those things that are contrary to the real society.

"Existentialism is a Humanism" is a philosophical book published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House in 2005, written by Sartre, which explains existentialism in depth and justifies it, aiming to eliminate all kinds of misunderstandings and slanders.