Potato germination cycle, how long is the growth cycle of potatoes

The growth cycle of potatoes is generally 60-100 days, and the specific time and variety are dependent. If the picked potatoes are placed in a suitable environment, the potatoes will not sprout for a long time, which means that they have entered a dormant period and will begin to germinate when they acclimatize to the environment.

Potato plants grow at temperatures of 16 -18 and soil temperatures above 25 are not conducive to tuber growth.

If the harvested potato does not sprout for a long time in a suitable environment, it is in a dormant period, and it will start to sprout when it adapts to the environment. The dormancy period of potatoes is affected by temperature, and the dormancy period can last for a month or three months at around 25°C, and it can be dormant for a long time when the temperature is lower than 5°C.

The temperature suitable for the growth of potatoes is 16 -18 , and soil temperatures above 25 are not conducive to tuber growth. The suitable growth temperature of its leaves is 15 -25, and the temperature above 35 is not conducive to its growth.

Environmental requirements. 1. Potatoes cannot grow after frost, and if the tubers are particularly serious, they will be infected. In general, before the cold snap comes, the plants must be made stronger to avoid frost damage. This method is very effective for potatoes in the flowering and fruiting stage, during which time foliar fertilizer needs to be sprayed regularly.

2. Some special protective agents can also be used. For example, if you spray the Tree Protector, after spraying, a film will be created on the surface of the plant. This can play a certain protective role in preventing low temperatures from damaging the plants.

3. Or increase the humidity in the ground to avoid frost damage to the plants. Because water itself has a strong ability to retain heat, it is easy to maintain the temperature when the humidity in the ground layer is relatively high, reducing the effect of cold snaps on the roots of plants.

Potato, also known as potato boy, potato, is a grain and vegetable crop, and there is a large cultivation area in the north and south of China. The harvest of potatoes from seed potatoes to new tubers can be divided into the following four periods.

Germination period. The germination period is from the bud germination of the tuber to the emergence of the seedling. Generally, it takes about 25-35 days in spring and 10-20 days in autumn.

Seedling stage. From the emergence of seedlings to the completion of the first leaf inflorescence of the main stem, it is the seedling stage, which takes about 15-20 days.

Germination period. It takes about 25-30 days from the end of the seedling stage to the flattening of the top leaves of the main stem to the germination stage. The early varieties bloom with the first inflorescence, and the late varieties bloom with the second inflorescence as the morphological sign of the end of the growth period.

Tubers. From the flattening of the top leaves of the main stem to the yellowing of the stems and leaves is the tuber-setting stage. During this period, the tuber swells rapidly.

Since potatoes originate from the low-latitude alpine regions of South America, the relatively cool climate, short sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night are conducive to the accumulation and transport of potato photosynthetic products to the tubers, and promote the rapid expansion of tubers.

Tuber dormancy. Tuber dormancy occurs at the same time as the tubers begin to form. However, the length of the dormancy period is usually calculated from the number of days from harvest to bud germination.

At around 25 temperatures, the dormancy period is at least 1-3 months, depending on the variety. Under the condition of 0-4, the tuber can remain dormant for a long time.

Potatoes are native to the alpine zone of South America, like a cool climate, the appropriate temperature for germination is 12-18, and the growth of stems and leaves requires a higher temperature, with about 20 being the most suitable. Tuber expansion requires a lower temperature, and the optimal soil temperature is 16-18. Potatoes are light-loving crops and require sufficient sunlight during the growing season.

Under long day conditions, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, and stolons grow quickly, while short days are conducive to tuber formation and expansion. Potatoes are sown with seed potatoes, and from sowing to emergence, they mainly rely on the water stored in seed potatoes, which has a certain drought resistance. Soil moisture should be maintained at 70-80% of the maximum soil water holding capacity at the germination stage to promote the vigorous growth of stems and leaves.

In the later stage of the tree emergence period, the water supply should be properly controlled to facilitate the timely transfer to tubers, and the soil moisture should be reduced from 80% to 60%. Soil moisture should be increased to 80-85% at the tuber setting stage to facilitate rapid tuber expansion. Potato tubers are formed in the soil, so potatoes should be grown in light sandy loam soils with deep soil, loose texture, good drainage and aeration, and rich in organic matter.

Potato absorbed the most potassium fertilizer during the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. For every 1000 kg of tubers produced, about 5-6 kg of pure nitrogen and 1 kg of pure phosphorus need to be absorbed

The growth cycle of potatoes.

1. Germination period: from the germination of the buds on the tuber to the emergence of seedlings is the germination period of potatoes. The growth of the germination stage is mainly based on the growth of the underground main stem, which is the basis for potato rooting, potato formation, and ensuring the healthy growth and development of stems and leaves in the later stage, as well as the basis for constituting yield.

The nutrients and water required for tuber germination are mainly provided by the seed potatoes themselves, so for larger seed potato tubers, it is often said that the mother is fat and strong.

2. Seedling stage: It is generally 20-25 days from the emergence of seedlings to the emergence of buds. About half a month after the soil is unearthed, the main stem on the ground forms 6-8 leaves, which is the early stage of the seedling.

After that, the growth of stems and leaves increased sharply, and after the leaves on the main stem were differentiated to 12-16 pieces, the apical bud entered the pregnant bud stage, and when the flower buds appeared in the aboveground part, the top of the underground stolons began to expand, which was the late stage of the seedling stage.

3. Potato organ formation period: It can be divided into three periods.

1) Tuber formation period: from budding to flowering is the tuber formation period, and the number of tubers is also determined during this period. Between budding and flowering, the tubers continue to expand.

2) Tuber formation peak period: from the beginning of flowering to the end of flowering, is the period of rapid growth in the volume and weight of the tuber, this time is very vigorous, the requirements for water and nutrients are also the most in the life, generally about 15 days after flowering, the tuber expansion rate is the fastest, about half of the yield is completed in this period.

3) The end of tuber formation: when the flowering and fruiting end, the growth of stems and leaves is slow or even stops, and the lower leaves begin to wither and yellow, which marks the end of tuber formation. Although the volume of the tuber no longer increases, the starch, protein and ash content continue to increase, resulting in an increase in weight.

4. Dormancy period: The length of the dormancy period varies from breed to variety, with a long dormancy period of more than 3 months and a short dormancy period of about 1-2 months. Different varieties not only have different dormancy periods, but also have different dormancy intensity, most varieties within 20 days after the maturity period, dormancy intensity is the largest, dormancy is not easy to break.

The shorter the dormancy period, the less storable the tuber is, and the longer the dormancy period, the more shelf-stable the tuber is.

1. The sprout growth period, after the seed potato is sown, from the germination, it goes through the growth of the sprout and the formation of the root system, and the seedling is unearthed as the sprout growth period. This growth period is centered on root and bud growth, and the duration varies greatly, ranging from about a month for the short to several months for the elderly. The key to this crop measure is to mobilize the nutrients, water and endogenous hormones of seed potatoes to promote early germination, more roots, fast germination, and strong seedlings.

2. The seedling stage, from the seedling unearthed, goes through the root system development, the main stem seedling stage. Due to the abundance of nutrients and water in seed potatoes, a considerable number of roots and embryonic leaves are formed before emergence. After emergence, the root system continued to expand, the stems and leaves grew rapidly, and most varieties elongated the stolons 7-10 days after emergence, and the apex began to expand 5-10 days. At the same time, the first inflorescence at the top begins to give birth to flower buds, and lateral branches begin to occur.

The growth center of this stage is the growth of stems, leaves and tubers.

3. The tuber formation period starts from the tuber has a rudimentary shape, and goes through the capping leaves at the top of the aboveground stem, the first inflorescence begins to flower, and the top of the whole plant stolons begins to expand, until the maximum tuber diameter reaches 3-4 cm, and the weight of stem and leaf dry matter in the upper underground part of the tuber is balanced, which is the tuber formation stage. This period is the key period to determine the number of potatoes per plant, generally after about 30 days, agricultural measures to promote the growth of stems and leaves with water and fertilizer, quickly build a assimilation system, and at the same time tillage combined with soil cultivation to create conditions for stem expansion.

4. In the tuber growth period, starting from the rebalance of dry matter in the aboveground and underground parts, that is, entering the tuber growth period, the leaf area has reached the maximum value in this period, and the growth of stems and leaves gradually slows down and stops. The nutrients produced in the aboveground are continuously transported to the tuber, and the volume and weight of the tuber continue to increase, which is a critical period for determining the volume size of the tuber.

5. During the starch accumulation period, the stem and leaf begin to gradually senesce, and the volume and weight of the tuber continue to increase. The growth of this stage is characterized by the transport of carbohydrates, proteins and ash from the shoots to the tubers, and the daily weight gain of the tubers reaches the maximum. The accumulation of starch continues until all the stems and leaves die, and the crop measures are mainly to keep the roots, stems and leaves during the day to slow down the decay, accelerate the transfer of assimilates to the tuber to the maturity stage, and the harvest period is determined by the production purpose and the requirements in the rotation.

Generally, when the aboveground stems and leaves of the plant are yellow and the starch accumulation in the stem is sufficient, it is the mature harvest period.

When the sown potato tubers are sown at a depth of 10 cm below the ground and the soil temperature reaches 7 degrees to 8 degrees, the young shoots can grow, and at 10 to 20 degrees Celsius, the young shoots thrive and emerge quickly. Early-sown potatoes often encounter late frost after emergence, and seedlings are generally affected by chilling when the temperature drops to a degree. When the temperature drops to 2 degrees Celsius, the seedlings are damaged by frost, and some of the stems and leaves die and turn black, but after the temperature rises, new stems and leaves can be sent out from the nodes and continue to grow.

The most suitable temperature for plant growth is about 21 degrees, at a high temperature of 42 degrees, the stems and leaves stop growing, when the temperature is in, the stems are frost damaged, and the stems and leaves are all dead at 3 degrees.

First of all, let's identify what kind of potatoes are considered to sprout.

1. The skin of the potatoes turns green.

2. There are obvious bud embryos.

Many businesses may remove the sprouts of potatoes and take them to the market in order to make profits, how can we tell the difference? First of all, it is necessary to see whether the potatoes are full and hard, generally sprouted potatoes will consume their own moisture and become soft, wrinkled and luster; On the other hand, it is necessary to carefully observe the sprout eye, the potato sprout is from the bud eye, if it has sprouted, you can find it if you look closely.

Can you eat sprouted potatoes? The answer is yes. Because sprouted potatoes are poisonous!

This toxin is called solanine, also known as solanine, solanine, potato toxin, and is a weakly basic glycoside composed of glucose residues and soladine. Under normal conditions, the content of solanine in potatoes is very low, but once it begins to sprout and turn green, solanine will be produced in large quantities, and eating sprouted potatoes is easy to get food poisoning.

100 grams of potato meat contains grams of solanine, if eaten with the skin, the content is grams;

In green potatoes, the content of solanine in the green part is increased to grams, and in sprouted potatoes, the content of solanine in the sprouted part is in grams.

If you eat 200 mg of solanine at a time (about half a tael of potatoes that have turned green and sprouted) after 15 minutes to 3 hours, the mouth and throat are itchy, the upper abdomen is painful, and there are symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., the symptoms are mild, after 1 2 hours will be healed by their own detoxification function; If solanine 300 or more mg or more is ingested, the symptoms will be severe, manifested by increased body temperature and recurrent vomiting leading to dehydration, as well as dilated pupils, photophobia, tinnitus, convulsions, dyspnea, decreased blood pressure, and very few people can die from respiratory paralysis.

1. It takes about 20-30 days from potato sowing to seedling.

2. The growth of potatoes starts from the bud germination on the tuber, and the tuber can only have obvious growth of buds and seedlings when the tuber is released from dormancy.

3. From bud germination to emergence, it is the germination period, and the growth of the first section of the main stem is carried out. The speed and quality of growth are subject to the environmental conditions required for seed potatoes and germination.

4. The time occupied by the growing stage of the reed varies from 1 month to several months due to the dormancy characteristics of the variety, the cultivation season and the technical measures.