What does the WTO organization DSU mean

DSU refers to an annex to the WTO Agreement on dispute settlement. Of course, it is also commonly referred to as the WTO dispute settlement mechanism.

The principle of reverse unanimity is a system that was revised and put into effect after the establishment of the WTO in 1995, and refers to the adoption of this principle in the report of the relevant expert group of the DSU. That is, if not all of the WTO member states present have consistently opposed the adoption of the report of the expert group, the report will be adopted. Compared with the "principle of all the same" in the previous GATT era, the procedures for the adoption of the report of the panel and the procedure for the establishment of the panel are already automatically implemented.

This is because it is not possible for all of the 153 WTO member states to reach all negative votes.

DSU is an acronym for Understanding on Dispute Settlement Rules and Procedures. The Understanding on Rules and Procedures for Dispute Settlement is a multilateral, multilateral, agreement governed by the world's first organization. It is based on the Understanding on Notification, Consultation, Dispute Settlement and Supervision, adopted by the GATT in 1979, and has 27 articles and 4 annexes.

The main provisions are: scope and application, management, general provisions, consultations, good offices, conciliation and mediation, panel of experts (establishment, terms of reference, composition, functions, procedure), procedure for multiple prosecutions, third parties, right to information, confidentiality, mid-term review phase, adoption of the report of the panel of experts, appellate body, time limits for decisions of the dispute settlement body, monitoring of the implementation of recommendations and awards, compensation and suspension of concessions, strengthening of the multilateral system, special procedures involving members of least developed countries, arbitration, Non-Violation of Prosecution and Other Provisions. The main contents are:

1. Stipulate the scope, implementation and management of dispute settlement; 2. It stipulates the spirit of the principles of dispute settlement; 3. It stipulates that ensuring the effective implementation of the rules of the world organization is the priority goal of dispute settlement; 4. Stipulate the method of dispute settlement; 5. Stipulate a strict time limit for dispute resolution; 6. Stipulate the implementation of the decision-making principle of "reverse consensus"; 7. Stipulate the prohibition of unauthorized unilateral retaliation; 8. Stipulate that cross-retaliation is allowed. The purpose of the Dispute Settlement Understanding is to find positive solutions to disputes and to guarantee the reliability and predictability of the multilateral system. The WTO established a dispute settlement body in accordance with the Dispute Settlement Understanding.

Annex 1 to the DSU is the "Agreements Covered by this Understanding"; Annex 2 contains the Specific or Additional Rules and Procedures for Relevant Agreements; Annex 3 provides the Working Procedures for the Settlement of Disputes by the Group of Experts; Annex 4 is the Expert Review Panel, which sets out the composition, working rules and procedures of the Expert Review Panel. DSU (Data Service Unit) Data Service Unit: refers to a device used in digital transmission, which can adapt the physical layer interface on the DTE device to communication facilities such as T1 or E1.

The data service unit is also responsible for functions such as signal timing, and it is often referred to together with the CSU (Channel Service Unit) and is called the CSU DSU.

Prior to the establishment of the WTO, the GATT dispute settlement system had provisions on retaliation procedures, and in the event of a dispute between GATT parties that could not be resolved through consultation, the parties concerned could suspend tariff concessions or other obligations to the injured party with the consent of all parties. The concept of "cross-retribution" has been introduced into the development of the dispute settlement mechanism of the world's leading organizations. If the losing party fails to implement the proposal or award within a reasonable period of time, or if a mutually acceptable compensation cannot be reached with the winning party within 20 days after the expiration of a reasonable period, the winning party may request the dispute settlement body to authorize retaliation.

Unlike the GATT system, the WTO provides for more robust retaliatory measures, i.e., cross-retaliation. It provides that in article 22(3) of the Dispute Settlement Rules Procedure and Understanding, the prosecution may choose three types of retaliation for which approval is requested, first by the same sector and then by agreement across sectors, until the level of reporting is comparable to the level of repression or damage rebates. But in order to distinguish it from retaliation in the GATT dispute resolution mechanism, I think cross-retaliation should refer to the latter two types of retaliation.

This is because from the translation of cross retaliation, the first type of retaliation in the same sector in Article 22(3) of the DSU is called "parallel retaliation" - parallel retaliation seems to be the inheritance of retaliation in the GATT dispute settlement mechanism, and the "cross-sector retaliation" in the latter two retaliations is also called "cross-sector retaliation", "cross-sector retaliation" It is also called cross-agreement retaliation, so I think it seems more appropriate to call the latter two types of retaliation cross-retribution.

DSU --- Dispute Resolution Mechanism.

WTO-SPS Agreement: Agreement of the World Organization on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures.