Who has an introduction to the origin of the discipline of chemistry

The theory of chemical origin refers to the theory that the origin of life can be produced gradually through chemical reactions without the need for external intervention.

The theory of the origin of chemistry holds that the initial formation of life was a spontaneous chemical process of the species of Hu, and that billions of years ago, certain substances on the earth polymerized to produce simple organic matter, which gradually evolved into complex macromolecular biological systems through further chemical reactions, and finally formed the present life.

a.Life originated under primitive earth conditions and was gradually evolved by non-living matter through chemical pathways over the long course of Hu Yan.

b.Living things occur naturally from abiotic environments.

c.Life can only be the best living thing, and non-living matter can never spontaneously produce new life.

d.Life on Earth comes from other planets in the universe.

Correct Answer: Life originated under primitive earth conditions and was derived from the gradual evolution of non-living substances through chemical pathways in the process of growing into mountains.

The names of the 27 elements of chemistry are as follows:

1 hydrogen qīng

2 helium hài

3 lithium lǐ

4 Beryllium pí

5 boron péng

6 carbon tàn

7 nitrogen dàn

8 oxygen yǎng

9 fluorine fú

10 neon nǎi

11 sodium nà

12 mg měi

13 aluminum lǔ

14 Silicon gūi

15 phosphorus líng

16 sulfur liú

17 chlorine lù

18 argon yà

19 potassium jiǎ

20 calcium gài

21 Scandium kàng

22 titanium tài

23 vanadium fán

24 chrome gè

25 manganese měng

26 iron tiě

27 cobalt gū

1. Chemical elements:

A chemical element is a general term for a class of atoms that have the same number of nuclear charges (i.e., the number of protons in the nucleus). From the perspective of Changpei philosophy, it is the result of the qualitative change caused by the quantitative change in the number of electrons of the atom. It refers to more than 100 basic metallic and non-metallic substances in nature, which are composed of only one laughing atom, and each nucleon in its atom has the same number of protons, which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical methods, and can constitute all matter.

2. Origin: The origin of the idea of elements is very early, the ancient Babylonians and the ancient Egyptians once regarded water (and later air and earth) as the main elements of the world, forming the theory of three elements. The ancient Indians had four major doctrines, and the ancient Chinese had the Five Elements Doctrine.

The doctrine of the elements, that is, the doctrine of the elements as the simplest constituent parts of all real objects in nature, has arisen since time immemorial. However, in ancient times, the modern notion of elements as a concrete form of matter did not exist. Whether in the ancient philosophy of our country, or in the ancient philosophy of India or the West, the element is regarded as an abstract, a manifestation of the primitive spirit, or the basic nature of matter.

Chemistry originated in alchemy, and the search for philosopher's stones and elixirs to obtain ** led to the first chemical experiments. From the vague speculation of the ancient Greeks to the concrete experiments of Muslim scholars, it was a major advance in the field of chemistry in the Islamic world during the Abbasid era. Jabir al-Khayam (720,815), once known as the "father of Arab chemistry", studied under Jafar al-Sadiq, the sixth Shiite imam, and later served as the court physician of the Baghdad caliphate.

Jaber Khayam believed that the process from the soul of the universe to the heavens and the earth is a process of overflow generation, and there is harmony and unity between them. Based on the above theory, Jaber Hayan believes that all metals are the products of the combination of sulfur and mercury, and different metals can be transformed into each other through a specific medium, and the difference between the high and low metals depends on the difference in the content of sulfur and mercury, and iron, copper, lead, etc. can be converted into ** through mercury as a medium. In terms of experiments, Jaber Khayan demonstrated the two basic chemical processes of combustion and reduction, and improved experimental methods such as distillation, filtration, crystallization, melting, and sublimation to make sulfuric acid, nitric acid, mercury oxide, mercury sulfide, sodium hydroxide and other compounds.

Jaber Hayam revised Aristotle's theory that metals are composed of four elements: fire, earth, water, and air, which shook the European academic community until the 18th century, when it was replaced by modern chemical theories.

In Arabia, alchemy is not just chemistry as it is understood by modern people, but also has a deeper meaning. The Arabs believed that alchemy was closely related to Sufi mysticism, and that the spiritual psychology adopted by the Sufi Order was also closely related to alchemy, which regarded alchemy as a science of the soul. In addition, the relationship between alchemy and Arabic art is extraordinary, as it is a bridge between the craftsmanship and religious spirit and symbolism of Islamic art, and it is also a key to understanding the inner meaning of Islamic art.

Chemistry is developed from alchemy and chemical processes, from ancient times to 1500 B.C., human beings learned to make pottery from clay in the blazing fire, to burn metals from ores, to make wine from grains, to dye silk and linen and other fabrics with colors, these are the earliest chemical processes that have been explored for a long time under the direct inspiration of practical experience, but have not yet formed chemical knowledge, only the embryonic period of chemistry. <

Chemistry is developed from the alchemy and chemical process of the book, from ancient times to 1500 B.C., human beings learned to make pottery from clay in the blazing fire, to burn metals from ore, to brew wine from grains, to dye silk and linen and other fabrics, these are the earliest chemical processes that have been explored for a long time under the direct inspiration of practical experience, but have not yet formed chemical knowledge, only the embryonic period of chemistry. From about 1500 BC to 1650 AD, chemistry was controlled by alchemy and alchemy. In order to obtain the elixir of immortality or the ** symbolizing wealth, alchemists and alchemists began the earliest chemical experiments, and then books recording and summarizing alchemy also appeared one after another.

The phlogiston period, from 1650 to 1775, was the gestation period of modern chemistry. With the accumulation of experience in the metallurgical industry and laboratories, people have summarized the perceptual knowledge and carried out theoretical research on chemical changes, making chemistry a branch of natural science. The beginning of this phase was marked by the British chemist Boyle pointing out the scientific concepts of chemical elements.

The period from 1775 to 1900 was the period of the development of modern chemistry. Around 1775, Lavoisier expounded the oxidation theory of combustion with quantitative chemical experiments, which ushered in the period of quantitative chemistry and brought chemistry on the right track. At the beginning of the 19th century, the British chemist Dalton put forward the modern atomic theory, which prominently emphasized that the mass of the atoms of various elements is its most basic feature, and the introduction of the concept of quantity is a major difference from the ancient atomic theory.

Chemistry in the twentieth century is a science based on experiments, and experiments and theories have always been two aspects of chemical research that depend on each other and promote each other. After entering the 20th century, it was influenced by the development of other disciplines in the natural sciences. With extensive application of contemporary scientific theories, techniques and methods, Chemist has made great progress in understanding the composition, structure, synthesis and testing of substances, and has made many important achievements in theory.