How to do scientific research 5, how to do scientific research

One of the characteristics of scientific research is to always keep learning, constantly learning and building up one's professional knowledge, and at the same time, it is also necessary to prove one's professional ability through the publication of articles. When conducting an appraisal, managers usually look at the publication date of the most recent articles, as well as the publication and citation status. When there are no citations, you can roughly judge that the quality of the article is relatively average.

But if an article is cited a lot, does that mean that the research results are good or is it a hot direction? If both match, there's nothing to say, but if there's a bias, then it means that the measurement system of scientific research is problematic.

The academic community is always looking for and improving evaluation systems. For a long time, research has been measured by the quality of the journal it publishes and the number of citations it subsequently makes. Eugene Garfield introduced the concept of impact factor to evaluate journals 60 years ago, and it is still used today.

Similar to Google's ranking by precedence, Impact Factor uses relationships where high citations will have a big impact to rank journals. Critics argue that this 60-year-old approach is too blunt to distinguish high-impact journals from the crowd, but it is not at all a measure of the quality of individual articles.

Bibliometrics has also come a long way now. It also measures the quality of an article by tracking citations. Various metrics have also been invented, such as the h-index, which can be used to measure individual researchers, but because it is still related to the impact factor of the journal and the number of citations, it is not yet in its own right.

Compared to 60 years ago, computer and network technologies have allowed people to collect more information at the article level, and have also led to the emergence of terms such as cybermetrics, webometrics, and altmetrics. Compared with the traditional comparison of the quality of journals and the number of citations, these new measurement methods can count the number of online readers, bookmarks, ** number, blogs and other emerging data to reflect the reader's interest in an article.

While some opponents argue that this kind of online data can be easily manipulated, in the eyes of proponents, the false behavior will only be very small and will not affect the true value of the data. This small risk is also worth taking.

Managers praise this emerging type of metric, as it helps them save a lot of time when assessing scientists. However, in practice, these metrics can completely replace the existing system. Each indicator has its own limitations, and the fairness of the evaluation of researchers often depends on the degree to which research institutions and funding organizations prefer and how they are perceived and used.

Depending on the purpose, task, and method of research work, scientific research is usually divided into the following types:

1. Basic research. It is the first of new theories and new principles, with the purpose of discovering new scientific fields and providing theoretical prerequisites for new technological inventions and creations.

2. Applied research. It is the application of new theories discovered by basic research to the study of specific goals, and it is the continuation of basic research, with the aim of opening up specific application paths for the results of basic research and transforming them into practical technologies.

3. Development and research. Also known as development research, it is the study of applying basic research and applied research to production practice, and is the central link in the transformation of science into productivity.

Basic research, applied research, and development research are the three interrelated links of the entire scientific research system, and they develop in a coordinated and consistent scientific research system in a country and a specialized field. Scientific research should have certain conditions, if there is a reasonable scientific and technological team, necessary scientific research funds, perfect scientific research and technical equipment, and scientific and technological test sites.

According to the purpose of the research school, scientific research can be divided into the following types:

1. Exploratory research. Conduct a preliminary understanding of the research object or problem to obtain initial impressions and perceptual understanding, and provide the basis and direction for future thorough and in-depth research.

2. Descriptive research. The study of the correct description of the characteristics or the whole picture of some population or a certain phenomenon, the task is to collect data, discover the situation, provide information, describe the main laws and characteristics.

3. Explanatory research. Explore the causal relationship between a certain hypothesis and conditional factors, explore the causes of phenomena, and reveal the internal laws of the occurrence or change of phenomena.

There are many works in scientific research, including national defense science and industry, small to civilian science and industry, ......

All scientific research work begins with a good problem, and the problem itself is not good enough, and it takes a huge amount of effort to achieve a fairly good result in practice, but at the level, it always falls behind. Scientific research is different from engineering, what scientific research pursues is innovation, it is the expansion of knowledge boundaries, and in the process of exploration, to exercise one's ability to solve problems. If a problem has never been solved, then there are only two situations, one is that the problem is very difficult, so difficult that no one has been able to solve it, then usually, such a problem should be carefully chosen, because once you jump into such a pit, it is very likely that you will not be able to climb out.

On the other hand, the problem itself is not worth solving. In this case, unless it can be interpreted from another perspective and make the question itself meaningful, such work is not worth doing.

For a researcher, a lot of time is spent on the selection of problems. Finding a good problem is jokingly called "digging a pit" in the field of scientific research, and this metaphor is very vivid. When we just embark on the road of scientific research, we will find that the whole site is full of pits that have been dug, and there are big bulls standing in each pit. After jumping in, after some tossing, let Zhixiao understand the situation in the pit clearly, and then think about how to expand the pit bigger, and in the process of expanding the boundaries of knowledge, his academic influence was formed.

In fact, for scientific research, the problem domain belongs to the metaphysical thing, and the solution is metaphysical.

If you can be the first person to raise this question, then this "pit" will be occupied by you, and there will be a large number of people following your footsteps, and they will contribute a large number of citations in the form. In fact, the routine of the academic world is very similar to Jin Yong's martial arts sect, if you want to gain a foothold in the rivers and lakes, you must first join a certain sect, practice the basic skills, and become the backbone of the sect, on this basis, your innovation will be more acceptable to most people, and when you are strong enough, you can stand on your own, become a new bull, or even create a new school.

1.Biologist.

In short, a successful group of people who study life as the object of study can be called biologists.

Biology can be divided into zoology, botany, microbiology, etc., so biologists can be divided into zoologists, botanists, microbiologists, etc. As a researcher of biology, I am committed to developing knowledge of the world around us by studying organisms. I find it very rewarding and rewarding to get results in the research process and through experiments.

2.Teacher. The teacher's job is to undertake the teaching tasks of science courses, organize classroom discussions, prepare teaching aids and other related teaching work.

Participate in the teaching, teaching and research activities of the Science Museum, and submit relevant work reports as required; Assist in the research and development of science experiment courses; Actively participate in the organization and planning of scientific activities, etc. Teaching is a sacred profession, its significance lies in teaching and educating people, cultivating pillars like candles, burning themselves, hard-working gardeners, respected by everyone and teachers have also harvested thousands of students, are the fruits of the pride of teachers, and the results they harvest are the pride of teachers, which is unparalleled.

After eleven, I went to the school, went through a series of graduation procedures, and met a friend who used to be in a laboratory, and I couldn't help but discuss the issue of where to graduate.

Me: Why did you join the company after so long, do you want to come to the company?

Q: No, no. My boss talked to me about this problem, saying that the person who went from the scientific research circle to the industrial world was very unhappy (or the scientific research community).

For the first time, I learned that some PhDs did not go to industry because some bosses estimated that they were intimidating their students. Can't say not shocked.

Over the years, I have seen too much of the industry and stayed in academia for a long time, and I have also seen too much academia for a long time and went to the industry to open a company. What's that picture? Since there are contacts and contacts, then it must be beneficial for both sides.

Academia has been in industry for a long time, and most people will not give up their teaching positions, and most of them are successful bigwigs, which is nothing to discuss. Why did those who stayed in the industrial world for a long time go back to academia, after all, the industrial industry has a considerable income, and everyone is strategically friendly, and there are few strange things. I've always found that people in industry are very different from people in academia, and generally seem happier and happier, which is not just explained by being in an ivory tower.

Today, I have been a social animal for 33 days, and yesterday, I finally knew that this difference in appearance has changed--- which is the sense of meaning of work. In corporate work, my work is all about achieving the boss's goals, I am the boss's extended hand, the extended brain, and the extended body organ that he has to hire because of his physiological limits, so my existence is incomplete, and it is the embodiment of the boss's will. Scientific research is not, you know that you are doing it for yourself, you know that you can get a work, or even get the corresponding author, it will become a shining stroke in your resume, you are yourself, you are independent yourself.

I guess I won't go back to academia, life is a one-way street, and I have no regrets.