Introduction to Violet, Violet Information

Violet is a biennial or perennial herb of the cruciferous family, violet genus. The whole plant is densely covered with grayish-white stalked-hairy pubescence. The stems are erect, multi-branched, slightly lignified at the base. Leaves oblong to inverted-lanceolate or spoon-shaped.

Morphological characteristics. Biennial or perennial herb, up to 60 cm high, densely covered with grayish-white stalked branched pubescence. The stems are erect, multi-branched, slightly lignified at the base.

Leaves oblong to inverted-lanceolate or spoon-shaped, with petioles 6-14 cm long, cm wide, entire-margined or microwave-shaped, apex obtuse rounded or rarely with a short pointed tip, base tapering into a stalk.

racemes apical and axillary, flowers numerous, larger, inflorescence axial fruit elongation; peduncles stout, obliquely spreading, up to millimeters; sepals erect, oblong, about 15 mm long, capsulated at the base of the inner sepals, membranous margins, white and transparent; petals purplish-red, pale reddish or white, nearly ovate, about 12 mm long, apex shallowly 2-lobed or slightly concave, margins wavy, lower with long claws; filaments gradually expand towards the base; The ovary is cylindrical, and the stigma is slightly 2-lobed.

The longhorn fruit is cylindrical, 7-8 cm long, about 3 mm in diameter, the midrib of the petal is distinct, and the apex is shallowly lobed; The peduncle is stout, 10-15 mm long. The seeds are nearly rounded, about 2 mm in diameter, flattened, dark brown, with white membranous wings on the margins. Flowering period is from April to May.

Growth habits. Prefer cold and cool climate, avoid hot and dry. It prefers a well-ventilated environment and a mild climate in winter, but can also tolerate short periods of -5 low temperatures.

The growth temperature is 15-18 during the day and about 10 at night, and the soil requirements are not strict, but it grows better in the well-drained, neutral and alkaline soil, and the acidic soil is avoided.

Violet is cold tolerant and not shade-tolerant, afraid of water, it is suitable for high location, in the mildew rainy weather is hot and poor ventilation is susceptible to pests and diseases, fertilizer should not be too much, otherwise it is not good for flowering; If light and ventilation are not sufficient, they are susceptible to pests and diseases.

Violet" is a song sung by Han Xue, included in **"Rhapsody Journey".

1.African violet.

The scientific name is Saint Paulia

ionantha

Also known as African violet, African purple moss.

Family Amaranth family.

It belongs to the genus African violet.

Origin: Native to tropical Africa. It is widely cultivated all over the world. China has only introduced seeds in recent years.

African violet.

Morphological characteristics. Perennial herb. The plants are short and the whole plant is covered with fluff. Stemless. The leaves are thick, ovate, entire-margined or toothed, fleshy. Flowers purple, lavender or pink. Capsule, very small seeds.

Growth habits. It likes warm climates, with an appropriate temperature of 18-24 degrees; Below 16 degrees, the growth is slow, the leaves are hardened, drooping, and easy to grow mildew; Below 10 degrees, the leaves may be damaged by ice. Avoid high temperatures, at 27 degrees, although the plant grows well and the leaves are lush, there are few flowers, and the petals are easy to wilt. It is more shade tolerant and can grow under astigmatism.

Fertile, loose neutral or slightly acidic soils are required. It is more resistant to moisture, but the amount of watering should not be too much.

Garden use. African violet plants are dwarf, can bloom all year round, have velvety leaves, handsome and elegant flowers, and rich flower colors. It is an excellent ornamental plant indoors.

Breeding and breeding. Cuttings, divisions, sowing and tissue culture for propagation.

2.Southern European violet.

Scientific name: matthiols

incana

Aliases: grass violet, grass cinnamon, melon pair.

Family: Cruciferous.

Genus: Violet.

The distribution of the production area is native to southern Europe, and it is cultivated in the Yangtze River basin of China. Morphological characteristics.

It is a one- or two-year-old or perennial herb and is one of the famous flowers in Europe. The height of the plant is 20-70 cm, and the whole plant has grayish-white stellate pubescence. The stems are erect and multi-branched.

Leaves alternate, oblong or inverted-lanceolate, 3--5 cm long. The racemes are apical or axillary, the base of the potato chips on both sides is pendulous, the peduncle is stout, the flower diameter is 2 cm, the petals are 4, there are long claws, and the petals are spread out in a cross shape. The flowers are purple red, light red, light yellow, white, etc., slightly fragrant.

The flowering period varies according to the variety, there are spring violets, which bloom in April and May; Summer violet, flowering from June to August; Autumn violets, blooming from July to September. The growth habit is not cold-tolerant, semi-cold-tolerant, and can tolerate low temperatures of -5 in winter, but the growth is not good, so it needs to be protected. Prefer light, avoid heat, and need a cool environment in summer.

Avoid transplantation, avoid waterlogging, straight root system, prefer fertile, deep and moist soil. The phenomenon of vernalization is obvious.

The garden is mainly used for potted ornamental plants, and can also be used to arrange flower beds in early spring, and it is also a good material for cut flowers.

Propagation and cultivationIn early September, the seeds are sown into the sowing pot, or directly sown into the small pot, and the seedlings emerge neatly. In Zhejiang, the seeds are sown in the open field seedlings in early September, or directly sown into small pots, and the seedlings emerge neatly. In Zhejiang, it is often sown in open field seedbeds in autumn.

Double-petaled varieties that are not easy to bear fruit can also be propagated by cuttings or split roots.

Violet. Other names: grass osmanthus, four peach grams, grass violet.

Native to the Mediterranean coast. It is widely cultivated in southern China and is one of the famous flowers in Europe. Species are common in China's big cities and can be planted in gardens or greenhouses for viewing. This flower is similar to pansy and can be confused.

The common purple jadeite on the market can be divided into five types according to color and saturation: royal purple, red violet, blue violet, violet, and pink violet.

There are two varieties of violet, single-petaled and double-petaled, and the cultivars include the white "Ida", the pale yellow "Carmen", the red "Francesc", the purple "Abella" and the lavender-red "Ingana". According to the plant height, it can be divided into three varieties: tall, medium and short. According to the different flowering periods, there are summer violet, autumn violet and winter violet varieties.

Horticultural varieties. Violet horticulture varieties are very large, and there are two varieties: single-petaled and double-petaled. The double-lobed strain has high ornamental value; Single-petaled strains can produce seeds, while double-petaled strains cannot.

Generally, plants grown by flat seed sowing can usually produce a large number of double-petaled flowers; And the full seeds, most of the plants produce single-petaled flowers. The flower colors are pink, dark red, light purple, dark purple, pure white, light yellow, bright yellow, blue purple, etc. In production, cut flowers are generally produced using varieties such as white flowers, pink flowers and purple flowers.

Cultivar. The main cultivars of violet are the white "Ida", the pale yellow "Carmen", the red "Franceske", the purple "Abella" and the lavender-red "Incana".

Classified by plant height.

Violets can be divided into three varieties according to plant height: tall, medium and dwarf, and each variety can be potted; Flower beds are of medium dwarf species, usually 30-40 cm tall; Cut flowers are of tall species, usually 60-90 cm tall.

Classified by flowering period.

Violets are divided into summer violet, autumn violet and winter violet varieties according to different flowering periods; According to the different cultivation habits, it is divided into annual and biennial types. Violet flowers have single-petaled, double-petaled, rich and bright colors, and are fragrant. The flowering period of violets varies depending on the variety and can be divided into the following three types:

Spring violet. Spring violet. Flowering period is from April to May.

Summer Violet. Summer Violet. The flowering period is 6 August, which can be divided into three types: short, medium and tall, with a growth period of 100 150 days, which is a typical annual flower.

Autumn violets. Autumn violets. Flowering period 7 September. The plants are intermediate.

1. Another name for violet: grass osmanthus, four peach grams, grass violet.

2. Violet (scientific name: Matthiola incana (L.).) r.

br.) is a biennial or perennial herb of the family Cruciferaceae and violet. The whole plant is densely covered with grayish-white stalked-hairy pubescence.

The stems are erect, multi-branched, slightly lignified at the base. Leaves oblong to inverted-lanceolate or spoon-shaped.

3. Native to the Mediterranean coast. It is widely cultivated in southern China and is one of the famous flowers in Europe. Species are common in China's big cities, and can be planted in gardens or greenhouses for viewing. This flower is similar to pansy and can be confused. Rift land.