What tests are needed for Raynaud s disease and how is Raynaud s disease treated

What tests are needed for Raynaud's disease:

a) Laboratory tests.

Antinuclear antibodies suggestive of systemic connective tissue disease, rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin electrophoresis, complement values, anti-natural DNA antibodies, cryoglobulin, and Coombs test should be routinely tested.

2) Special examinations.

1.Cold provocation test: After the finger is cooled by cold, a photoplethysmography (PPG) is used to trace the time required for the finger circulation to return to normal, as a simple, reliable, and non-invasive test method to estimate the finger circulation.

During the test, the patient should sit quietly in the room (room temperature 26 2) for 30 minutes, use PPG to trace the finger circulation waveform, immerse both hands in ice water for 1 minute, wipe it immediately, and then trace the finger circulation every minute for a total of 5 minutes, normal human finger circulation returns to baseline within 0 2 minutes, but in patients with Raynaud syndrome, the time required for the finger circulation to return to normal should be significantly prolonged (more than 5 minutes). In normal people, the fingertip arterial waves are bidirectional, that is, they have main peak waves and heavy waves. In patients with Raynaud's syndrome, the arterial waves are unidirectional, with low, blunt, flat, or even absent peaks (Figs. 1-2).

This test method can also be used to evaluate the effect of **, if the patient's symptoms improve after the treatment, the recovery time of the finger circulation will be shortened.

2.Finger humidity recovery time determination.

After the finger is cooled by cold, the thermistor probe is used to measure the time it takes to return to normal temperature, which is used to estimate the blood flow of the finger and provide an objective argument for the diagnosis of Raynaud's sign. Finger temperature returns to baseline within 15 minutes in 95% of normal people, compared with more than 20 minutes in the vast majority of patients with Raynaud's syndrome, and can be used to estimate the effect.

3.Finger arteriography.

If necessary, an upper extremity arteriography is done to understand the arteries of the fingers and help confirm the diagnosis of Raynaud syndrome. It also shows whether there are organic lesions in the arteries. Arteriography is not only a traumatic test, but also complex, so it should not be used as a routine test.

In a special examination, nerve conduction velocity in the upper extremities is measured to detect possible carpal tunnel syndrome. Plain x-rays of the hand can help detect rheumatoid arthritis and calcifications of the fingers.

Smokers should quit. In terms of drugs, drugs that can weaken sympathetic nerve muscle contact conduction, such as guanethidine, which can be combined with phenobenzymine, or torassurin or reserpine. Prostaglandin E1, which has the effect of dilating blood vessels and inhibiting platelet aggregation, can also be used.

Long-term medical science** is ineffective, and surgery ** may be considered. From the Seventh Edition of the Surgical Book of Human Health. Raynaud's syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome are two different problems.

Raynaud's disease is a disease of the peripheral blood vessels, and the latter is a disease of the glands.

Raynaud's syndrome is a group of syndromes in which the fingers (toes) turn pale, purple and then flush due to cold or emotional agitation. If there is no specific cause, it is called idiopathic Raynaud's syndrome; Secondary to other disorders is called secondary Raynaud syndrome.

1.So so**.

Avoid exposure to cold and keep the distal extremities warm. Quit smoking.

2.Drugs**.

1) Calcium ion antagonists: nifedipine, thiazepine.

2) Reserpine.

3) Receptor antagonists: prazosin, etc.

3.Surgery**.

Sympathectomy may be considered for patients who do not respond to medications, but efficacy needs to be further observed.

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Analysis: Hello.

Raynaud's disease, also known as "acral artery spasm disease", is a spasmodic disease of acral arterioles caused by vascular nerve dysfunction, which is rare and occurs in women, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:10. The age of onset is usually between 20 and 30 years old.

The disease is not completely clear, there is often a family history, the onset is slow, it is more frequent in winter, and the onset is related to cold and mental stress, and there is no special effect, only symptomatic.

Opinions and suggestions: In general cases, oral torassurin, niacin and other drugs can be used, and "C" drugs can be used intramuscularly or intravenously in patients with more serious conditions.

Raynaud's disease is a vascular function disease, the main symptoms are paleness, cyanosis, flushing and other symptoms after the hands and feet are cold or emotional, generally speaking, it is more common in women, and there will be numbness, tingling, chills and dullness after the onset of the disease. It is mostly related to dermatomyositis or polymyositis, and it is necessary to pay attention to timely ** and pay attention to keeping warm.

Raynaud's phenomenon is also known as Raynaud's

syndrome), which is a spasmodic disease of acral arterioles caused by vascular nerve dysfunction. Paroxysmal intermittent episodes of symmetrical extremities (mainly fingers), with cyanosis and flushing as their clinical features, often induced by agitation or exposure to cold. In patients with lupus erythematosus, some patients have Raynaud's phenomenon.

This is because lupus erythematosus is a systemic vascular inflammatory disease. Inflammation of acral arterioles due to the deposition of immune complexes, combined with the influence of many other factors, causes these arterioles to spasm, leading to the occurrence of Raynaud's phenomenon. The Raynaud's phenomenon that accompanies lupus erythematosus is basically the same as the Raynaud's phenomenon caused by other causes or diseases.

It is only found in clinical observation that the Raynaud's phenomenon at this time is more serious, not only in the cold, but also in the middle of summer, the patient still has the Raynaud's phenomenon, and the duration is long, and even there is no obvious remission period, some patients not only have cold, white, purple fingers and toes, but even the forearms or ankles are cold and numb. The Raynaud's phenomenon associated with lupus erythematosus patients can be relieved with the alleviation of lupus erythematosus, and the lupus erythematosus disease itself is mainly used.

Raynaud's disease is often triggered by cold or finger contact with low temperatures, and is also triggered by emotional agitation and mental stress. Seizures are characterized by a sudden whitening of the (toe) area**, then to bruising, and then to flushing, with intermittent seizures. It is more common with fingers and less common with toes.

Attacks usually begin on the tips of the little finger and ring fingers and gradually spread to the entire fingers or even the palms as the lesion progresses, but less commonly in the thumb, with localized chills, numbness, tingling, soreness, discomfort, or other abnormal sensations. Systemic and local temperature is occasionally low, but the radial or dorsalis pedis pulses are normal. At the beginning of the attack, the attack usually lasts from a few minutes to about half an hour and then resolves on its own.