What is cerebellar ataxia?

Cerebellar ataxia is a group of disorders of voluntary movements caused by degeneration of brain tissue dominated by the cerebellum.

It is divided into: hereditary cerebellar ataxia and secondary cerebellar ataxia.

Hereditary cerebellar ataxia is associated with genetic factors. Acquired ataxia** includes infection, ethanol toxicity, vitamin deficiencies, multiple metabolic diseases, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, multiple sclerosis, vascular disease, prion disease, paraneoplastic syndrome due to malignancy, etc.

The main manifestations are ataxia of the limbs, mostly heavier in the lower limbs, nystagmus and poetic speech.

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The main clinical manifestations of cerebellar ataxia are impaired balance of the body, which can produce abnormal gait and posture, and the patient will have unsteadiness when standing, a waddling gait when walking, and a gait with the legs apart in a supply disorder. In addition, cerebellar ataxia can also cause speech disturbances and eye movement disorders, which are manifested as slurred speech, nystagmus, decreased muscle tone, and decreased tendon reflexes, respectively.

Ataxia occurs when structures such as the cerebellum itself and the nerve fibers that connect to other structures are destroyed.

Cerebellar ataxia is the most typical symptom of fibropathy of the cerebellum and its associated fibers. Ataxia is a manifestation of the body's lack of muscle control or weakened ability to coordinate voluntary movements. The cerebellum plays a very important role in the regulation of fine motor and voluntary movements.

Cerebellar ataxia is a symptom caused by damage to the structure of the cerebellum and other parts.

Disease, medications, environment, and lifestyle factors can all contribute to cerebellar ataxia. Its **mainly includes symptomatic and some of the primary diseases**, some patients can be cured after removal**, its types include vascular ataxia, hypothyroidism cerebellar ataxia, cerebellar ataxia caused by drugs and poisons, infectious cerebellar ataxia and so on. In the early stage of cerebellar ataxia, when the symptoms are relatively mild, patients can be encouraged to participate in physical labor and physical activities as much as possible, the purpose is to enhance physical fitness, enhance the ability to resist disease, but also pay attention to the prevention of falls, in terms of diet, to a light and nutritious diet, to quit smoking, alcohol, and ensure sleep.

In the advanced stage of cerebellar ataxia, patients often have difficulty walking and are basically bedridden, so they need to be carefully accompanied by caregivers, and attention should be paid to preventing pressure ulcers, aspiration pneumonia, and related complications such as venous thrombosis of the lower limbs.

Analysis: Cerebellar ataxia is a movement disorder caused by damage to cerebellar function. Patients will predominantly present with unsteady standing, unsteady walking, impaired balance, and an ataxia gait when walking.

In addition to this, symptoms such as speech impairment, decreased muscle tone, and loss of tendon reflexes may occur.

If there is any disease, it is recommended that I consult again in the cerebellum to know what is going on.

Ataxia telangiectasia is a neurological syndrome characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, ocular and ** telangiectasias, and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Girls are more likely to develop the disease than boys. The most obvious change in the disease is bulbar conjunctival vasodilation, followed by telangiectasia of the eyelids, followed by telangiectasia of the face, ears and neck.

Sometimes** changes such as coffee milk spots and depigmentation spots can also be seen. Neurological symptoms are first manifested as cerebellar ataxia, which begins to manifest when walking, and begins to appear at 18 to 24 months after birth, and also begins to onset as late as 5 years old, and the child has uncoordinated movements, unsteady walking gait, and inaccurate fingers and noses, etc., and develops to the age of 12 or 15 years old to be completely unable to walk. As the disease progresses, intelligence gradually declines.

Children with this disease often have a history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, or recurrent pneumonia and sinusitis. Decreased blood immunoglobulin (LGA). **This disease is mainly for ataxia medical sports training, focusing on training walking.

In the absence of muscle strength, the coordination of limb movements is out of balance, unstable and uncoordinated, which is called ataxia.

Suggestions: [** and mechanism] Any simple movement of the body must have the participation of four groups of muscles: active muscle, antagonist muscle, synergistic muscle, and fixed muscle to complete, and depends on the coordination and balance of the nervous system. The thin and wedge tracts of the posterior cord of the spinal cord run through the entire length of the spinal cord, the thin tracts carry deep sensations in the lower part of the trunk and the two lower limbs, and the wedge tracts conduct the upper part of the trunk.

Cerebellar ataxia is the most common symptom (hereditary ataxia) and is present in almost 100% of patients with IAS. Cerebellar ataxia can be observed by the daily activities of IAS, such as dressing, buttoning, holding water, writing, eating, speech, gait, etc. unsteady walking, staggering gait, inflexible movements, legs wide apart when walking; In adults, walking is not in a straight line.

Moving forward in a curve from left to right, manifested as a scissor step, deflecting in a "Z" shape, and trying to use both upper limbs to help maintain the stability of the body. Changes in muscle tone can change from decreased lesion to spasticity, and the ataxic gait can change to spastic ataxia. Unsteady standing, leaning forward or swaying from side to side, more prominent when standing on tiptoe or heel, easy to fall is often the early complaint of patients.

Patients often say, "Walking on small or uneven roads is more noticeable when walking unsteadily, and it is easier to fall".As the disease progresses, patients may present with unsteady or impotent sit-up until they remain bedridden.

For patients who feel that the limbs are inaccurate and unsteady walking, and may be ataxia, the neurological examination should pay attention to exclude movement disorders caused by paresis, ophthalmoplegia, and visual impairment; Emphasis is also placed on the examination of the Mutual Aid Movement.

Cerebellar ataxia is a cerebellar disorder caused by blood vessels, ischemic vascular disease, encephalitis, or cerebellar mass lesions.

Cerebellar ataxia, also known as spinocerebellar atrophy, is a disease in which the patient's muscles are tense or reduced and voluntary movements are disturbed due to damage to the cerebellum for various reasons.

Cerebellar ataxia is a syndrome characterized by cerebellar dysfunction due to a variety of causes. When infection, poisoning, brain tumors and other conditions occur, cerebellar ataxia can be caused, and infectious diseases are more common. In general, patients with cerebellar ataxia are mainly manifested by unsteady walking, limb tremor, slurred speech, abnormal posture, inability to complete fine motor skills, low muscle tone, clumsy movements, and difficulty in writing.

On **, if it is caused by infection, the main anti-infection ** is adopted. If it is tremor, it can be treated symptomatically with drugs. The disease lacks a specific effect**, and drugs such as idebenone and butylphthalide can be used to reduce symptoms.

It can also be used with traditional Chinese medicine for syndrome differentiation and treatment, and the effect is relatively good. **It is mainly to nourish the kidneys and strengthen the brain, nourish the blood and dispel wind. It can also be combined with acupuncture massage.

Patients with cerebellar ataxia often have a wobbly walking posture, and are even likely to have frequent falls that cause fractures and intracranial hematomas. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the safety of the patient and do not leave the patient alone or walk around the road by himself, otherwise there may be some unpredictable dangers.

Analysis: With cerebellar ataxia, the most typical symptom is that the trunk has a balance disorder and there will be unsteadiness in standing. The patient initially walks as if he is drunk, accompanied by a feeling of dizziness; There may also be cases where the movement reaction is not flexible and cannot hold heavy objects.

Cerebellar ataxia is a common neurological disorder caused by a variety of bacterial infections, such as diphtheria, whooping cough, scarlet fever, etc., and is an extremely rare disease. Viral meningococci, influenza bacilli, mycoplasma, etc. can also cause symptoms of acute cerebellar ataxia. Drug poisoning, especially ataxia due to phenytoin overdose.

Cerebellar dysfunction can be caused by enterovirus, echovirus, coxsackievirus, poliovirus, or measles, rubella, mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza virus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, etc., and there is no familial genetic tendency.

Symptomatic manifestations of cerebellar atrophy ataxia at various stages:

Initial symptoms:

1. Walking is like getting drunk (dizziness).

2. The action response is less flexible, and it is difficult to lift heavy objects.

3. The legs are uncoordinated when going up and down the stairs, the muscles are stiff, and some specific actions cannot be completed accurately, such as running, climbing, playing ball, etc.

4. When standing still, the body will shake back and forth, and it is easy to splash out when carrying water. Guess that it is easy to bump into walls or door frames when walking.

5. There is an obstacle in eye movement, and the target cannot be quickly transferred.

6. Poor ability to distinguish between ears and tomatoes, such as not being able to play table tennis.

Interim symptom presentation:

1. The incoordination of limbs and muscles refers to the aggravation of high feeling, and the phenomenon of motor disorder is obvious.

2. Unable to control posture and pace, like a penguin walking; Wobbly, legs slightly spread or scissor step, inability to maintain balance, inability to walk long distances, inability to run, difficulty going up and down stairs, inability to adjust the body flexibly when walking. Therefore, it is easy to fall.

3. Knotted tongue, unclear speech, difficulty in writing, easy to choke when eating or drinking.

Late symptom presentation:

1. Speech is extremely unclear, unable to control the pitch, even unable to speak, indecipherable writing, and difficulty swallowing.

2. Unable to stand, or even sit up, need to rely on a wheelchair to walk, or stay in bed, unable to take care of themselves.

3. If the brain or peripheral nerves are affected, the patient's intelligence will be affected.