Why can t humans live on Mars

Why is Mars uninhabitable?

Mars is not suitable for human life, because to survive on Mars, the following three problems must be solved, which are the problem of gravity, the problem of atmosphere, and the problem of oxygen.

So far, in addition to human beings living on the earth, many scientists are still exploring whether extraterrestrial planets are suitable for human beings to live, so far although some scientists have fantasized about immigrating on Mars, but various conditions do not allow human beings to survive on it, even if some terrestrial planets have been discovered, but if you want to rely on it, it may take hundreds of light years or even more.

Introduction to Mars.

Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system from the inside to the outside, belonging to the terrestrial planet, with a diameter of about half the diameter of the Earth, and it takes twice as long to rotate around the axis of rotation and the rotation period of the same approximate revolution. In the West, it is called Mars, the god of war, and in China, it is called the Luminous Star, because it shines like fire, and its position and brightness often change.

Its orange-red appearance is due to the fact that the surface of the earth is covered in hematite (iron oxide), which is prefixed with the English word areo- or Mars, which was once considered the most likely planet in the solar system to host extraterrestrial life.

Unhappy.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, 2014.

of scientists have released findings saying that the environment on Mars could allow humans to die within 68 days. Similarly, Donald, Chief Scientist of Radiation Assessment Detector Equipment.

Hassler et al. published in the journal Science.

said in an article on the article.

Considering that on a time scale of millions of years, radiation levels in the Martian surface environment would be lethal to any microorganism that lives on the surface of Mars, even in shallow layers of soil several meters deep. In other words, the Martian environment is not suitable for living things.

martis；Astronomical symbol: ) is the fourth closest planet to the Sun and the solar system.

second only to Mercury.

The second smallest planet is one of the four terrestrial planets in the solar system.

In ancient Europe, Mars was called "Mars", the "god of war" in ancient Roman mythology, also known as the "Red Planet". Old Chinese.

It is called fluorescent confusion because it glows like fire, and its position and brightness often change.

Its orange-red appearance is due to the fact that the surface of the earth is covered with hematite (iron oxide), Mars is about half the diameter of the Earth, and the inclination and rotation period of the axis of rotation are similar to those of the Earth, but the orbital period is twice that of the Earth. Mars can be as bright as magnitude, but is fainter than Jupiter most of the time.

At present, humans are unable to move to Mars, and there are many obstacles.

First, Mars does not have a magnetic field and cannot use it to protect against harmful radiation in the universe like Earth. About 4 billion years ago, Mars lost its global magnetosphere, and the current magnetic field is only a fraction of what it was then. The lack of a magnetic field causes the solar wind to come into direct contact with the ionosphere, and the solar wind gradually strips atoms from the outer layer, making the atmosphere thinner and thinner.

Similarly, without the protection of the magnetic field, the sun's particle bursts and cosmic rays reach directly to the surface of Mars, which is very fatal for humans who land on the surface of Mars.

Second, the average temperature on the surface of Mars is very low. The average is at -87 and -5 °C. Seasonal temperatures vary greatly.

The equator can reach as high as 35°C in summer, while the two-stage can be as low as -143°C in winter. But worse still, the temperature difference between day and night is also very large, because the thin atmosphere cannot store much solar heat, according to Opportunity, in the same place, the temperature is 30 degrees Celsius during the day and drops to 110 degrees Celsius at night. In fact, it is okay, compared to other planets, this is already within the range of human survival.

Third, the Martian atmosphere consists of about 96 percent carbon dioxide, argon and nitrogen as well as trace amounts of oxygen and other gases. There are a large number of tiny particles in the atmosphere, which are not only harmful to the human body, but also harmful to electronic devices. The key is oxygen, which is really our lifeline, what if there is no oxygen?

What may be needed is photosynthesis modification.

Mars is a very dry planet, and although water vapor is found in its atmosphere, it contains very little, only one percent of the desert areas on Earth; The atmosphere of Mars is very thin, 96 percent carbon dioxide, and very little oxygen; The surface temperature of Mars is very low; Mars has no magnetic field, and its atmosphere does not contain an ozone layer, so it is not immune to ultraviolet rays and various cosmic rays. All of these factors make it difficult for life to exist on Mars. Besides, Mars is too far away from us to move at the moment.

Not at the moment.

But NASA, the European Space Agency and the Japan Space Center have teamed up to unveil an ambitious plan to rebuild Mars. (This plan will be realized over the next 200 years.) Pioneer period (2015-2031) Warm period (2030-2080) The biggest challenge is to make Mars gradually warmer.

One way to do this is to build a number of chemical plants on Mars. These plants are powered by small nuclear reactors, which then produce gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect, such as alum hexafluoride. These gases are like a carpet on the surface of Mars, so that all the heat on the surface of Mars is not dissipated into space.

As the temperature on the surface of Mars gradually increases, the atmosphere of Mars becomes thicker and thicker. Consolidation period (2080-2115) When the temperature on Mars rises to -25 degrees Celsius, some bryophytes begin to grow in slightly warmer areas of the Martian surface. When the temperature rises to -15 degrees Celsius, the amount of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water pumped out of the Martian crust all begin to increase massively.

The atmosphere on Mars continues to thicken, white clouds begin to float over Mars, and the color of the sky changes from pink to blue. Liquid water began to collect in the deep canals that Mars had before. At this point, the atmosphere on Mars is thick enough to transmit sound waves.

Recovery period (2115 2150) When the atmosphere on Mars finally stabilized and the average temperature rose to 0 degrees Celsius, living conditions on Mars improved greatly, and it was possible to settle on Earth. (Since the gravitational pull of Mars is only about 1 3 times that of Earth, Mars will also become a launch platform for space expeditions and a base for human travel to other planets.) ）

Although Mars has some conditions for the origin of life, it does not mean that human beings will be able to survive well on Mars. There are some problems on Mars that humanity faces.

Radiation protection remains an unsolved problem, and in fact, astronauts on the way to Mars are confronted with two main types of health-threatening radiation particles: one is the low-dose, but long-existing, galactic cosmic rays. The other category is solar energetic particles produced by solar flares and coronal mass ejections, which usually refer to protons with an energy of hundreds of megaelectron volts, which are much lower and shorter in duration than those of galactic cosmic rays.

Water is the source of life, and water on Mars is so precious that astronauts will not be able to survive on Mars without water. Although water is very abundant in the solar system, there was also a large amount of water on Mars, as well as many rivers and lakes. But no usable water source has yet been found on Mars, and the Martian liquid water that NASA has just announced is only toxic brine containing perchlorate, distributed on the steep slopes of a small number of Martian impact craters.

The water needed for astronauts to survive on Mars is still a difficult problem, so the reclaimed water system** has become very important.

So can humans really survive on Mars on their own? Although it has long been rumored that humans will colonize Mars, there are many problems and difficulties that will be needed to implement this idea.