What are the methods for purifying water? Materials can be found in everyday life!

Commonly used water purification methods include water purification and water filtration, while water purification is divided into three methods: water disinfection, boiling, and distillation.

1. Water purification.

1) Water disinfection.

There are two types of water disinfection methods: physical disinfection and chemical disinfection.

Physical disinfection is mainly through ultraviolet irradiation, while chemical disinfection can be divided into chlorine disinfection and ozone disinfection.

2) Bring to a boil. Boiling water is the traditional way of purifying water, which only requires heating and boiling the water. When the water reaches its boiling point, it is ready to drink after cooling. Boiling water kills microorganisms and parasites instantly.

3) Distillation. Distillation involves boiling water to release steam, which is then cooled to re-form a liquid. Some unclean impurity particles may remain during the distillation process, so this method of purifying water is not the best solution. Although distillation does not completely purify water, most of it does.

2. Water filtration.

Sometimes, water purification is not enough to make the water drinkable. The amount of dissolved salts and minerals defines the purity of the water. If the salt and minerals are out of balance, an odor or unpleasant taste can be created.

Filtration helps remove the elements that cause imbalances, leaving only drinkable water. Using activated charcoal may be ideal as it restores balance and keeps the water pure.

Household water purification methods are mainly based on external filters on the market, in which the material of the filter element plays a key role.

Among them, Maifan stone is the main material of the filter on the market, which can adsorb and decompose free chlorine and impurities, organic matter, and miscellaneous bacteria in the water, and release oxygen from countless small pores, and can emit various minerals essential for the human body in the water.

In recent years, the container filtration method of Maifan stone water purification bucket has also begun to appear, and the water purification effect is achieved by filling the water in a special bucket and reacting in the bucket.

In addition to the Maifan stone water purification bucket, the sea rock tool bucket made of Haiyan Mine is also a filtered water bucket with obvious effect.

Haiyan ore is a mineral material formed by weathering and condensing in the sea all the year round, and the sea rock ware made after special processing belongs to the popular high-end ceramic material - a kind of active microcrystalline porcelain, which has the characteristics of automatically adjusting the pH of the liquid.

According to the report of the School of Food Science and Engineering of South China University of Technology sent by Wangshui and Tao, Haiyan ware can digest chemical residues such as chlorine and heavy metal elements in the liquid through the strong adsorption in the adsorption structure; At the same time, it will appropriately precipitate trace elements that are beneficial to the human body and soften the taste of water quality.

In the case of extreme water shortage, it is urgent to find a water source, do not rush to binge drink, and the water source should be purified as necessary according to the conditions at the time.

Drug method: Equip water purification tablets, medical iodine wine, bleach, vinegar, and put them in water.

Boiling method: Boil water for 5 minutes at an altitude that is not too high (below 3,000 meters above sea level) and there is a fire.

Sedimentation: Alum, toothpaste, plant bark or leaves are placed in water to settle for a period of time.

Adsorption method: activated carbon, charcoal after fire, tea, etc. have a strong adsorption effect.

Infiltration method: dig a pit 2-3 meters away from the turbid or suspended solids water source, and let the water naturally seep into the pit.

It should be noted that in the case of a shortage of drinking water, we must arrange drinking water reasonably and plan for the future.

There are many ways to do this, you can buy a water purifier, you can also buy a water filter pot, or add activated carbon to precipitate tap water.

A common technical method is to filter the water when each filter is clean. It's not easy to make a bit of slag. into the water. On the other hand, the method of water intake is to let the water stand still for a period of time before using it.

1. Distillation method: the distiller currently used is made of glass, quartz and copper and other materials, and the distillation method can only remove the non-volatile substances in the water, and can not remove the gas dissolved in the water, and the types and quantities of impurities contained are also different according to the preparation materials, for example, with a copper still, the water will contain a small amount of copper ions, and the glass distiller will be prepared, and the water will contain a small amount of sodium ions and silicate ions.

2. Ion exchange method: the pure water prepared by the ion exchange method is called deionized water, which is a method that is used more at present, and generally adopts the mixed bed device of anion and cation exchange resin, the advantages of this method are: low cost, resin can be reused repeatedly, the amount of water prepared is large, and the deionization ability is strong, but each method has disadvantages, reverse osmosis method is no exception, and the disadvantage is that the equipment and suffocation operation are more complicated, and can not remove non-electrolyte impurities such as organic matter, and there is a trace of resin dissolved in water.

3. Dialysis method: dialysis is also called osmosis method, osmosis is under the action of external electric field, the use of anion and cation exchange membrane selective penetration of ions in the solution to separate impurity ions from water, now more used is a reverse osmosis technology, reverse osmosis can remove 90-99% of the vast majority of pollutants, but the efficiency of removing impurities is relatively low, if used alone, it is only suitable for some experiments with low requirements.

Flocculant precipitation, filtration, graphite adsorption, chlorine disinfection, these are very basic.

Commonly used in daily life:

1. Standing, commonly used in rural areas and other places.

2. Add flocculant to precipitate, such as alum, etc.

3. Strong oxidizing disinfectant, generally chlorine, tap water is disinfected by this method.

4. Filtration, this is more common.

Commonly used in general laboratories:

1. Distillation. 2. Ion membrane filtration.

3. Electrodialysis.

Electrodialysis.

Ion exchange method.

Membrane method. Distillation, flocculation and precipitation.

The first way: physical overthinking.

Physical miscare is only distinguished according to the size of the accuracy of the pervasion, such as PP cotton, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, RO reverse osmosis, etc., wherein: reverse osmosis - remove 1 ion; Nanofiltration – removes 2 ions; Ultrafiltration - between 10 and 50 nanometers, called nanoscale filtration, microfiltration: pore size is less than;

The second way: chemical reactions.

The chemical reaction method is mostly used in industry, and only two means are currently used in the civilian market

The first method is KDF (i.e., copper-zinc alloy) - this method produces an electrochemical reaction in the process of water production, precipitates zinc first, and combines the heavy metals in the water;

The second means is softening resin - the resin used in this method is sodium-containing resin, the sodium ions in the water are unstable, the calcium and magnesium ions are gathered on the resin, so that the resin becomes calcium and magnesium resin, and when the resin is saturated, the calcium and magnesium ions are replaced with salt and become sodium resin.

The third way: adsorption.

The main product used in this method is activated carbon, and the adsorbed substances are arsenic, manganese, and organic pollution in the water (organic pollution is not polar, and the odor in the water is mostly caused by organic pollution).

Choice of activated carbon:

1) The application method of activated carbon.

Sintering activated carbon - sintering activated carbon into a columnar shape after mixing with glue;

Disadvantages: The adsorption pores of activated carbon are greatly reduced after glue doping and sintering, so that the adsorption capacity of activated carbon is greatly reduced; For example, all current RO reverse osmosis machines use this type;

Granular activated carbon - activated carbon is made into granules the size of rice grains;

Disadvantages: due to the granular form of activated carbon, the adsorption specific surface area is reduced, and the adsorption capacity is reduced, such as filling the granular activated carbon into a column, it is easy to form a waterway after a period of time, and the water flows out without adsorption filtration at all; Such as Benoken;

Compressed activated carbon - powdered activated carbon is mixed with a small amount of glue and compressed into a column;

Disadvantages: After compression, the adsorption pores of activated carbon are reduced, and the adsorption specific surface area is reduced, so that the adsorption capacity of activated carbon is greatly reduced;

Powder activated carbon - the activated carbon is ground to powder, the specific surface area is increased, and the selection of powder activated carbon (large specific surface area, hollow pore size, many small holes, uniform size and strong adsorption capacity).

The basic methods of purifying water include precipitation, filtration, adsorption, distillation, etc. The water obtained after distillation is pure water, with the highest degree of purification, and the distillation method is commonly used in the laboratory to soften the hard water, and a few zeolite (broken porcelain pieces) are often added to the water during the operation, and its function is to prevent detonation

1) Natural precipitation, which is used to remove coarse particles from water.

2) Coagulation and sedimentation, using coagulant to precipitate or clarify to remove colloids and suspended impurities in water.

3) Filtration, interception to remove colloids and fine impurities in water.

4) Disinfection, removal of viruses, bacteria and microorganisms in the water.

5) Softening, reducing the content of calcium and magnesium ions in the water to soften the hard water.

6) Iron and manganese removal.

It mainly uses the adsorption effect of a large number of micropores in charcoal. There is no harm and it can be used for a long time.

Although the effect is good, aluminum will damage human health, lead to Alzheimer's disease, memory decline, etc., and should not be used.

Cactus can be used as a water purification agent, the effect is much better than alum, pure natural, non-toxic and harmless.

In addition to the use of water purification agent, filtration can also be used. There are dedicated filters that can be purchased. If it's too expensive, you can make it yourself.

It is mainly multi-layer quartz sand with different particle sizes, and the last layer is adsorbed with anthracite or charcoal. You can also add a layer of manganese sand (manganese dioxide sand) to oxidize the residual "iron smell" in the water.

Potassium is an essential element for the human body, and potassium deficiency leads to "hypokalemia", and patients have symptoms such as weakness and limb paralysis, and can die in severe cases. Hyperkalemia is also a disease. But I guess this intake is small and should be fine.

Taking potassium chloride as an example, food-grade potassium chloride is added as a food, and the national standard does not limit the maximum daily intake, but there is a recommended amount to be added in dairy products, and it tastes bad if it is greater than this amount. Generally add 2 6 grams per kilogram.

1. Distillation method: The distiller currently used is made of glass, quartz and copper and other materials, and the distillation method can only remove the non-volatile substances in the water of Hexing, and can not remove the gas dissolved in the water, and the type and quantity of impurities contained in it are also different according to the different materials prepared, for example, with a copper still, the water will contain a small amount of copper ions, and with a glass distiller, the water will contain a small amount of sodium ions and silicate ions. From an economic point of view, distilled water has the disadvantages of high water consumption and high electricity costs, and if it is a remote area, transportation will also be a problem, especially for glass and quartz distillers.

2. Ion exchange method The pure water prepared by the ion exchange method is called deionized water, which is a method that is used more at present, and generally adopts the mixed bed device of anion and cation exchange resin, the advantages of this method are: low cost, resin can be reused repeatedly, the amount of water prepared is large, and the deionization ability is strong, but each method has shortcomings, reverse osmosis method is no exception, and its disadvantage is that the equipment and operation are more complex, and can not remove non-electrolyte impurities such as organic matter, and there are trace amounts of resin dissolved in water.

3. Dialysis method: dialysis is also called osmosis method, osmosis is under the action of external electric field, the use of anion and cation exchange membrane selective penetration of ions in the solution to separate impurity ions from water, now more used is a reverse osmosis technology, reverse osmosis can remove 90-99% of the vast majority of pollutants, but the efficiency of removing impurities is relatively low, if used alone, it is only suitable for some experiments with low requirements.

The methods of water purification include water purification and water filtration, and water purification is divided into the following methods:

1.Water disinfection: There are two commonly used water disinfection methods: physical disinfection and chemical disinfection. Physical disinfection is mainly through ultraviolet irradiation, while chemical disinfection can be divided into chlorine disinfection and ozone disinfection.

2.Boiling: Boiling water is the most common and economical way to purify the water from the mountain base at home. Just bring the water to a boil. When the water reaches its boiling point, it is ready to drink after cooling. Boiling water kills microorganisms and parasites instantly.

3.Distillation: Distillation is the boiling of water to release steam, and then the collected vapor is cooled to form a liquid again.

There may be some unclean impurity particles left during the distillation process, so this method of purifying water is not the best solution. Although distillation does not completely purify water, most of it does.

4.Installation of water purifier: Water purifier is also called water purifier.

According to its composition, it can be divided into RO reverse osmosis water purifier, ultrafiltration membrane water purifier, energy water purifier and ceramic water purifier. Water purifiers generally use five-stage filtration to remove foreign matter in the water and help users enjoy healthy and safe drinking water.