What was the first antibiotic to be used?

The discovery of antibiotics began with penicillin.

The first antibiotic discovered in human history was penicillin. Penicillin was discovered by accident in 1928 by the British biochemist Alexander Fleming, who experimentally discovered that moldy bacteria could actually inhibit the growth of other bacteria around them. After further research, Flemington discovered that this bacteriostatic substance is an antibiotic known as penicillin.

The discovery of penicillin ushered in a new era in the medical community, and it revolutionized the way bacterial diseases affect human health. Fleming's research, which we now often call one of the groundbreaking discoveries of antibiotics, won him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945.

Answer]: Synthesis of the cell wall of the chiropractic bacterium. The bacterial cell wall has the function of resisting the osmotic pressure difference between inside and outside the cell, maintaining the morphology of fine and medium-sized old bacteria, and protecting the cell.

If the cell wall is defective, the osmotic pressure in the bacterium increases, and water absorption and expansion will occur, and finally disintegration and death. The main component of the bacterial cell wall is mucopeptide, and the synthesis of mucopeptide is divided into three steps: intracytoplasmic, cytoplasmic membrane and extracytoplasmic. Penicillins, cephalosporins and bacitracins can inhibit different links in the synthesis of mucopeptides, respectively.

Increases the permeability of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. The cytoplasmic membrane is the cell membrane, which has the functions of maintaining the permeable barrier, transporting nutrients and excreting waste products from the bacteria, and participating in the synthesis of cell wall, bacterial proteins, enzymes and DNA. When the cell membrane is damaged, permeability increases, resulting in the leakage of important nutrients (nucleic acids, amino acids, enzymes, phosphoric acid, electrolytes, etc.) in the cytoplasm of the bacterium and death, resulting in bactericidal effect.

Such as polypeptides (polymyxin B and thiopherin) and polyenes (nystatin, amphotericin, etc.).

Inhibits the synthesis of bacterial proteins. Bacterial cells use activated amino acids, mRNA, tRNA, etc. as raw materials to synthesize proteins with the participation of various important enzymes. The ribosome of the cytoplasm is the site of protein synthesis, and the protein synthesis process is divided into three stages, namely the initiation stage, the elongation stage, and the abort stage.

The effect of different antibiotics on the three stages is not exactly the same, some can act on the three stages, such as aminoglycosides, and some only act on the extended stage, such as linkemaiyeliamine.

Inhibits the synthesis of bacterial nucleic acids. Bacterial nucleic acids include DNA and RNA, which have the function of regulating protein synthesis. Novamomycin, griseofulvin, rifampicin can inhibit or hinder the synthesis of DNA or RNA from bacterial cells.

Due to the inhibition of the synthesis of nucleic acids in bacterial cells, it causes the death of bacteria.

The earliest ** methods of infection were discovered purely by chance. In 1928, Alexander Fleming, a physician on duty at a London hospital, accidentally discovered one day that the bacteria in the container were dead because of a layer of green mold on it. Mold is a type of fungus that was known at the time, and this green mold was called "penicillium".

Fleming suddenly thought that maybe this penicillium could be used to repel pathogenic bacteria. However, it is not easy to grow enough Penicillium in experiments. In fact, it took him a total of 10 years to grow the bacterium in large quantities, and in 1944, a drug made from Penicillium was finally introduced.

This drug is called "penicillin". In the first year of penicillin alone, thousands of soldiers wounded in World War II were saved.

However, penicillin is not effective against all pathogenic bacteria, especially tuberculosis. Some scholars believed that there must be other bacteria that could be made into drugs, so they continued to develop new drugs, and by the end of the 40s of the 20th century, the first tuberculosis bacteria were made into special drugs. Thanks to this drug, tuberculosis became able**.

Drugs against other pathogens have also been developed, and these drugs are collectively called "antibiotics". In today's era, antibiotics have become indispensable for doctors.

Why do people think that the first antibiotic is penicillin? The first antibiotic to appear was Gerhard Domac's Bailang Duoxin, the first sulfonamide drug before penicillin was discovered, "Bailang Duoxi", which is the introduction of Bailang Duoxi**You can take a look at it on the Internet.