Find specific data on the proportions of a human body

The normal ratio of the average adult is 55 for water, 20 for protein, 20 for body fat, and 5 for inorganics. Inorganic substances are mainly sodium, potassium, phosphorus and water; Organic matter is mainly sugars, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

The basic unit of the structure of the human body is the cell. There is a non-cellular structure of material between the cells called the interstitium. <

1. The normal ratio of ordinary adults is: water accounts for 55, protein accounts for 20, body fat accounts for 20, and inorganic matter accounts for 5.

2. The human body is composed of inorganic and organic substances. Inorganic substances are mainly sodium, potassium, phosphorus and water; Organic matter is mainly sugars, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. The basic unit of the structure of the human body is the cell. There is a non-cellular structure of material between the cells called the interstitium.

3. Cells can be divided into three parts: cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. The cell membrane is mainly composed of proteins, lipids and sugars, which have the role of protecting the cell, maintaining the stability of the cell, and controlling the exchange of substances inside and outside the cell.

Cytoplasm is the center of cell metabolism and is mainly composed of water, proteins, ribonucleic acids, enzymes, electrolytes, etc. Various organelles are also suspended in the cytoplasm. The main organelles are mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, centrosomes, etc.

The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane that contains nucleolus and chromatin. Chromatin contains nucleic acids and proteins. Nucleic acids are substances that control the heredity of living organisms.

4. Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and glial cells, which is highly sensitive and conductive. Neurons are made up of cell bodies, dendrites, and axons. Dendrites are short, branching like branches, and their function is to transmit impulses to the cell body; The axons are long, terminated in nerve endings, and their function is to transmit impulses outward from the cell body.

5. Muscle tissue is composed of muscle cells. Muscle cells have the function of contraction. According to its morphology and function, muscle tissue can be divided into three categories: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.

6. Connective tissue is composed of cells, interstitial cells and fibers. It is characterized by loose cell distribution and more interstitial cells. Connective tissues mainly include:

Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood and lymph, etc. They have the functions of support, connection, nutrition, defense, repair, etc.

1. Body proportions:

In heads.

1. Head length: one.

2. Neck (jaw to shoulder): one-third of the head.

3. Thoracic cavity: height - one and a third of the head, width - two ends.

4. Waist: height - one-third of the head, one end of the width.

5. Hip bone. Height of one head , width: upper edge of the hip bone - one and a third of the head, lower edge of the hip bone - one and a half of the head.

6. Arms: The distance from the shoulders to the fingertips is three heads.

Upper arm: one and a third of the head.

Forearm: One head.

Palms: two-thirds of the head.

7. Legs: The length of the entire leg from the upper edge of the pelvis to the soles of the feet is four heads.

Upper pelvic edge - groin.

In the knee - in the calf - in the soles of the feet.

Second, the head proportion:

In the case of facing it squarely, the art summarizes the height and width of the human face into three courts and five eyes.

1. Face height - three courts:

Upper court – hairline.

to the brow bone. Atrium – brow bone to the bottom of the nose.

Lower Courtyard – from the bottom of the nose to the chin.

2. Face width - five eyes: the width distance of five eyes from the left side of the head to the right side of the bun.

3. Ears: The position of the atrium, the top is flush with the brow bone.

4. Eyes: from the top of the head to one-half of the chin.

5. Eyebrows: five to one distance from the eyes to the top of the head.

6. Bottom of the nose: one-half of the eyebrows to the chin.

7. Hairline: the distance from the eyebrows to the bottom of the nose.

8. Lower lip margin: from the bottom of the nose to one-half of the chin.

9. Lips: located at the bottom of the nose to one-third of the distance from the chin.

Standing eight sit on six cross-legged four, one head, one shoulder, two body, three heads, three arms, three legs, four legs, one head, one hand, three thirds, two thighs and two calves.

The first sentence of "standing eight sitting six cross-legged four" means that the height of the human body standing up is 8 heads, and the sitting height is 6 heads, and sitting cross-legged is 4 heads, which is very understandable.

The second sentence "one head, one shoulder, two bodies, three heads" means that if the head is compared to 1, then the shoulders are as wide as two heads, and the torso is 3 heads high, and the upper head is 4.

In the third sentence, "the arms are three legs, four legs and one head", the hand is 3 heads long, the leg length is 4 heads, and as for the feet, it is 1 head long.

The fourth sentence "draw a hand with a head and two", of course, means that the length of the hand is 2 3 of the head.

A few important tips for drawing human proportions:

1. Horizontal ratio:

When you want to draw the position of an object, use it to make a horizontal line that runs through the entire frame.

2. Vertical ratio:

There are horizontal and vertical, and you are making a vertical line through the picture, and you should pay attention to all the objects on this line.

3. Look more at the object and less at the picture

In order to form a sense of observation, the original concepts in the brain are discarded. Look at the object for 5 seconds and look at the picture for 2 seconds, and the eyes should repeatedly observe and compare the picture and the object.