The third year of junior high school chemistry review acid and alkali salts, there are too many form

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2. Formulate a reading plan, draw a knowledge structure network diagram, and form a complete knowledge structure system. In the process of induction, it is necessary to summarize and think about the problem from multiple angles in an orderly manner and find out the internal connection. Then, according to the knowledge structure network diagram, go to the divergence, associate the basic knowledge points and the basic questions of each knowledge point, and first learn to self-test.

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1.Accurately memorize the physical properties and uses of typical acids and bases: concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, etc.

2.Compare the chemical properties of the acid-base salts in the comprehensive memory:

The universality of acids (the reason for the universality is that all cations formed when acids are dissociated are H+).

Reaction with acid-base indicator: Makes the purple litmus solution red, but does not change the color of the colorless phenolphthalein solution.

Metal + acid salt + hydrogen.

Basic oxides + acids + water.

Alkali + acid salt + water.

Salt + Acid Another salt + another acid (the product is eligible for metathesis).

The universality of the base (the reason for the universality: all anions formed during dissociation are OH-).

1) The reaction between the alkali solution and the acid-base indicator: make the purple litmus test solution turn blue, and make the colorless phenolphthalein test solution red.

2) Acidic oxide + alkali salt + water.

3) Acid + alkali salt + water.

4) Salt + alkali Another salt + another alkali (the reactants are soluble, and the products meet the conditions for metathesis).

Salt generality (the salt in (1), (3), and (4) must be soluble in water).

Metal salts Metal salts (must conform to the order of metal activity).

Acid hydrochloride carbonate acid salt H2O CO2

Salt 1 Alkali 1 Salt 2 Alkali 2 The salts and bases participating in the reaction must be soluble in water.

Salt 1 salt 2 salt 3 salt 4 The salt participating in the reaction must be soluble in water and conform to the law of metathesis reaction).

Remember common acids, alkalis, salts on it.

Concept: The ionized cations are all H+, the compounds are acid anions, oh-alkali metal ions and acid ions are salts.

The most important thing is to memorize the general formula of the acid-base salt reaction, read the general formula several times, be sure to memorize it, and then set it up... Believe me, acids and alkalis are not that difficult to learn...