What are the degradable plastics? What is biodegradable plastic and what are the advantages

1. Biodegradable plastics.

Biodegradable plastics synthesized by microorganisms, referred to as bioplastics, including biopolyesters, biocellulose, polysaccharides and polyamino acids, are a class of plastics that can be completely degraded by microorganisms in nature.

2. Starch plastic.

The starch content is more than 90%, and the other components added can also be completely degraded, completely biodegradable in (January 1 year) without leaving any traces, no pollution, and can be used to manufacture various containers, bottles, cans, films and garbage bags.

It should be noted that the vast majority of starch plastics currently produced in China are filled starch plastics, that is, a certain proportion of starch is added to non-biodegradable polymer materials, and the physical properties of the entire material collapse through the biodegradation of starch, which promotes the exposure of a large number of end groups to oxidative degradation, but the PE and PVC in the remaining parts after this "collapse" are impossible to degrade and remain in the soil.

3. Photodegradable plastics.

Photodegradable plastics refer to plastics that can be degraded under the action of light.

According to the manufacturing method, photodegradable plastics can be divided into synthetic degradable plastics and additive degradable plastics.

a. Ethylene carbon monoxide copolymer (E CO).

Photodegradation is characterized by backbone breaks. The rate and degree of photodegradation of E Co are related to the amount of ketone groups contained in the chain, and the higher the content, the faster and greater the degradation rate. Scientists in Texas, USA, have conducted outdoor exposure experiments on E Co, and in sunny June, E Co can be degraded in just a few days at the earliest.

b. Vinyl vinyl ketone copolymer (Ecolyte).

The ketone groups on the side chain of the Ecolyte molecule can be broken down by natural light. The photodegradation performance of EcoLyte is better than that of E Co, but the cost is also higher.

The disadvantage of this type of polymer is that it begins to degrade as soon as it sees light, and there is almost no induction period, and antioxidants need to be added to achieve the purpose of adjusting the induction period.

c. Additive photodegradable plastics.

Additive photodegradable plastic is to add a small amount of photosensitizer to the polymer, which is a photooxidative degradation catalyst at low concentration, and reacts by sunlight (ultraviolet light) irradiation to break the polyolefin polymer.

Adding photosensitizers such as ketones and amines to polymers such as PE and PP can achieve good photodegradability.

The cost of additive photodegradable plastics is low, the production process is simple, and the use effect of mulching film is better. However, its degradation characteristics are that the degradation of the first surface is relatively thorough, and the degradation of the part buried in the soil is poor. The degradation induction period of this type of photodegradable plastic can be controlled for more than two months.

However, the degradation time is not controllable.

Degradable plastics refer to a class of products whose properties can meet the requirements of use, and the performance remains unchanged during the shelf life, so that they can be used in the natural environment after drying.

Plastics that can be degraded into environmentally friendly substances under conditions. Therefore, it is also known as environmentally degradable plastic.

There are now a variety of new plastics: photodegradable plastics, biodegradable plastics, photo- and oxo-biodegradable plastics, and carbon dioxide-based biodegradable plastics.

Thermoplastic starch resin degrades plastics.

Biodegradable plastics.

It means that its various functions can meet the requirements of use, and its performance can not be changed during the storage period, and after we use it, it can be degraded into a non-harmful living environment plastic, which is a degradable plastic! The reason why it is called polluting garbage is because when it was used in the past, people's environmental awareness was relatively weak. The garbage classification is not clear, and the various places are basically free to tease the file, as the wind blows, it will float everywhere, which has a great impact on the environment.

Degradable material plastics currently refer to the biodegradable material GMX, which is generally added with biodegradable particles, and the degradation period is about 360 days.

There are a lot of disturbances in the plastic industry, especially for exports.

Biodegradable plastics are generally divided into four main types:

1. Photodegradable plastics.

A photosensitizer is added to the plastic to gradually decompose the plastic under sunlight. It belongs to an earlier generation of degradable plastics, and its disadvantage is that the degradation time is difficult due to sunlight and climate change, so the degradation time cannot be controlled.

2. Biodegradable plastics.

Under the action of microorganisms, plastics can be completely decomposed into low-molecular-weight compounds. It is characterized by convenient storage and transportation, as long as it is kept dry, it does not need to be protected from light, and has a wide range of applications, which can not only be used for agricultural mulch film and packaging bags, but also widely used in the field of medicine. With the development of modern biotechnology, biodegradable plastics have received more and more attention and have become a new generation of hot spots for research and development.

3. Photobiodegradable plastics.

A class of plastics that combine photodegradation and microorganisms, it has the characteristics of photodegradable plastics with both light and microorganisms. The fourth type of water-degradable plastic adds absorbent substances to the plastic, which can be dissolved in water after use, and is mainly used for medical and health appliances (such as medical gloves), which is convenient for destruction and disinfection.

Degradable plastics refer to a class of plastics whose properties can meet the requirements of use, have unchanged properties during the shelf life, and can be degraded into environmentally harmless substances under natural environmental conditions after use. Therefore, it is also known as environmentally degradable plastic.

Degradation of polymers refers to the process of breaking the macromolecular chains of polymerization due to chemical and physical factors. The degradation process in which polymers are exposed to environmental conditions such as oxygen, water, radiation, chemicals, pollutants, mechanical forces, animals such as insects, and microorganisms is called environmental degradation.

Now there are a variety of new plastics: photodegradable plastics, biodegradable plastics, photo, oxidized biodegradable plastics, carbon based biodegradable plastics, thermoplastic starch resin degradable plastics.

The natural environment of plastics degrades on demand, and the general accelerator improves the natural net plastic capacity". ECO Polydegradamin is a kind of general accelerator for the natural degradation of plastics developed based on the principle of insect intestinal reverse bionic and quorum sensing. As long as the existing commonly used plastics are added, they can stimulate and improve the net plastic capacity of plastics in the natural environment under appropriate conditions.

Different from the petroleum-based polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT), polyglycolic acid (PGA) and bio-based polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and other biodegradable plastics, this product overcomes the shortcomings of petroleum-based or bio-based degradable plastics, such as high cost, large industrial investment, short shelf life and unfavorable resource recycling, and is in line with the "three modernizations" principle of reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness of solid waste pollution prevention and control of plastics. It can not only reduce costs and increase efficiency in traditional treatment scenarios such as landfill, compost, marine and recycling, but also achieve source control of disposable products, packaging, textiles, sporting goods, etc., and purify their waste spring pants in the natural environment by improving their natural plastic cleaning ability.

Degradable plastics mean plastics that can be decomposed, in layman's terms, degradable plastics will decay and decompose after being buried in the ground for a period of time, while non-degradable plastics cannot be decomposed after being buried in the ground for several years or even decades.