The administrative division of Shuntianfu in the Ming Dynasty was established, and the administrativ

Beijing Municipal Historical Archives.

You can clearly know the political bureaucracy of the Ming Dynasty.

It is mainly composed of the following:

The three princes include Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao. These official positions are all imaginary. They are called Counseling Princes, but in fact the institution that tutors the Princes is Zhan Shifu.

There are two squares, a bureau and a hall under the Zhan Mansion. In addition, there is also the Tai Hospital. Tai Hospital is affiliated with a crude drug warehouse and a Huimin pharmacy.

And Hallym Hospital is far more important than Tai Hospital.

Divisions refer to divisions that do not belong to the ministries. It mainly refers to the Department of Communications and the Department of Pedestrians. The Department of Communications is responsible for delivering official documents and making announcements.

The three outer prisons include Guozijian, Qintianjian, and Shanglinyuan. Qin Tianjian was responsible for observing the stars. Guozijian is an educational institution, with one person for sacrificial wine, one for the priest, one supervisor, five doctors, fifteen teaching assistants, ten Xuezheng, seven scholars, one book, one classic, and two cooks.

Inner Twelve Prisons. It is the eunuch yamen. In fact, only the eunuchs who worked in these yamen were eunuchs. Including the celebrant supervisor, the inner palace supervisor, the imperial eunuch, the secretary of the superintendent, the imperial horse superintendent, the divine palace superintendent, the Shangshan superintendent, the Shangbao superintendent, the seal silk superintendent, the direct palace superintendent, the Shangyi superintendent, and the metropolitan governor.

The chief eunuch in the prison is in charge of all the eunuchs' ceremonial punishments in the palace.

The Ming Dynasty abolished the prime minister's power and divided it into six parts.

The six Shangshu are the highest chief executives, and the officials are the heaviest.

The local ** is divided into: the political envoy department, the criminal department according to the prosecutor, the command of the embassy, in charge of civil affairs, justice, military affairs, and later the governor, governor, patrol press, etc.

The Ming Dynasty abolished the prime minister's power and divided it into six parts.

The Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Soldiers, the Ministry of Punishment, and the Ministry of Engineering.

The Cabinet of Ministers is the Department of Political Envoys.

Legal Analysis: During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the local administrative body was the province.

Legal basis: Article 72, Paragraph 1 of the Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China The people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government and their standing committees may, on the basis of the specific conditions and actual needs of their respective administrative regions, formulate local regulations on the premise that they are not in conflict with the Constitution, laws, or administrative regulations.

Legal analysis: Cabinet, Sixth Ministry, Military Aircraft Department, Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc.

Legal basis: Article 3 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China The principle of democratic centralism is practiced by the state organs of the People's Republic of China. The National People's Congress and local people's congresses at all levels are democratically elected, accountable to the people, and subject to their supervision.

The administrative, supervising, adjudicating, and procuratorial organs of the state are all created by the people's congress and are responsible to it and subject to its supervision. The division of functions and powers between local state organs and local state institutions follows the principle of giving full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of local governments under the unified leadership of the government.

Fu is evolved from the ancient county system, is the state (later province) under the county above the level of administrative units, including n more than county, is in line with the ancient system, and the Tao is the Tang Dynasty appeared, is half out of the road, and it was originally a replacement for the state, as the highest level of administrative units, there is a prefecture (also called the state county) under the roadBut at the end of the Tang Dynasty, it was taken out as a division of the military region. During the Song Dynasty, the name of the road was changed to Lu, but it was still used as the highest administrative unit.

The Yuan Dynasty established an administrative system, but the jurisdiction of the province was too large, and the following provinces were set up. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the provincial system was still used, but the jurisdiction was much smaller, and the province was directly the government, and the county was set up under the government. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Tao was only a unit divided into military regions, although it seemed to be much larger than the county, but it could no longer be regarded as a unit in the administrative division!

Therefore, the government system is farther and more orthodox than the origin of the Tao. The current prefecture-level city is actually an extension of the government system. However, county-level cities, autonomous prefectures in ethnic minority areas, etc., have some concepts of Taoism.

The Beijing area of the Ming and Qing dynasties was called Shuntianfu, and the jurisdiction of Shuntianfu changed many times in the early Qing Dynasty, and it began to be fixed in the eighth year of Qianlong (1743), with a total of five prefectures and nineteen counties.

The Ming and Qing dynasties both set up Shuntianfu, and the jurisdiction area was slightly different.

It is one of the administrative divisions of the Ming and Qing dynasties in Beijing.

The Ming Dynasty is now Nanjing.

Principles: 1. Concentration of local power.

2. The rights of local officials are checked and balanced by each other.

3. Local administrative divisions are intertwined to prevent the use of terrain to divide the territory.

The principles of administrative division are nothing more than two: 1. Mountains and rivers are convenient; 2. Dogs and teeth go into each other.

The shape of mountains and rivers is based on the topography, and the natural mountains and rivers are used as the boundaries of administrative divisions to divide administrative districts. This method is the earliest and most natural and intuitive. In particular, the soil, climate, and folk customs on both sides of the mountains and rivers are often different, so the division reduces the disputes between the people in the same administrative area, and the transportation in the area is convenient, which is convenient for the transmission of government decrees and economic development.

At present, all coastal provinces south of Shanghai in China are divided into regions based on this principle.

Although the principle of the formation of mountains and rivers has its advantages, it is easy to cause powerful local governors to divide their territory by risk, so the principle of dog-tooth entry has been created, so that the local forces of the division have no danger to defend. This principle has already appeared in the Qin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. China's current administrative divisions roughly follow the Qing Dynasty, so it can be seen that the southern part of Shaanxi Province is not bounded by the Qinling Mountains but by the Daba Mountain, while the southern part of Jiangsu and Anhui crosses the Yangtze River into the mountainous areas of eastern Zhejiang and the Taihu Lake Plain.

Emperor Yongle moved the capital to Shuntianfu in 1420, and Yingtianfu was used as the accompanying capital, so the capital was Shuntianfu at that time.

In 1421, the Ming Dynasty changed Shuntianfu to Jingzhao and set up Jingzhao as the capital.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in the early Ming Dynasty, in the sixteenth year of Zhizheng (1356), Zhu Yuanzhang changed Jiqing Road to Yingtianfu and set it as the capital, and in 1378 it was renamed Jingshi. In 1421, Ming Chengzu moved north, took Beijing as the capital teacher, restored the name of Nanjing, and used it as the capital.

Shuntianfu is to indicate the Qing Dynasty two generations of Beijing area, the jurisdiction of Shuntianfu in the early Qing Dynasty has changed a lot, Qianlong eight years (1743) began to be fixed, a total of five states and nineteen counties. The five prefectures of Tong, Ji, Zhuo, Ba and Changping and the nineteen counties of Daxing, Wanping, Liangxiang, Fangshan, Dong'an, Gu'an, Yongqing, Baoding, Dacheng, Wen'an, Wuqing, Xianghe, Baodi, Ninghe, Sanhe, Pinggu, Shunyi, Miyun and Huairou are also known as the twenty-four prefectures and counties of Shuntianfu.

Putting a national capital on the border will directly lead to the extinction of Chinese civilization, and if the capital is returned to Nanjing, even if it declines and loses Hebei after 200 years, it can still regain its strength.