How to achieve reasonable irrigation of rice fields?

The water demand of paddy field refers to the total water consumption per unit land area during the growth period of rice, also known as water consumption, including plant transpiration, interplant evaporation and soil leakage, and the first two parts are called Tengfa volume. The water requirement of transplanted rice paddy field should include two parts: seedling field and Honda, but the water requirement of seedling field is less, accounting for about 3% to 4% of Honda's water requirement. In particular, dry-fed seedlings require less water, less than 1% of Honda's water requirements.

Therefore, the general water requirement of seedling fields is negligible, and only Honda's water demand is considered. The amount of growth is mainly determined by climatic factors, which is the result of the comprehensive effects of various factors such as solar radiation, atmospheric temperature and humidity, and wind speed on rice populations. The general trend is that the south is small and the north is large.

There is also a large difference in the northern rice region, and the rice production in Ningxia and Xinjiang in the northwest region with arid continental climate is the largest, reaching 11184mm ；Evaporation is smaller in the semi-arid and semi-humid monsoon climate zone, which is 750 in North China0mm ；574 in the Northeast

6mm, 645 in the south4 mm (Table 3-11). The amount of hair flurry also varies depending on the growth period, and transpiration and evaporation are mutually exceiving.

The transpiration intensity increased with the increase of leaf area, reached a peak from booting to heading stage, and decreased with the decrease of leaf area index later. The change of inter-plant evaporation was opposite to transpiration, the leaf area index was small in the early stage of transplanting, and the evaporation was much greater than transpiration, which decreased with the increase of leaf area after entering the tillering stage, and was basically stable after the jointing stage, and then slightly rebounded after the leaf area index decreased in the later stage. The variation of the intensity of transpiration and evaporation was similar to that of the leaf area index, which gradually increased after regreening, peaked from booting to heading, and gradually decreased thereafter.

In addition, the amount of bloom is also increased by increasing cultivation techniques such as density, fertilizer application and irrigation amount. In addition to being directly related to soil texture, infiltration is also affected by irrigation patterns and groundwater levels. The deeper the water layer, the longer the inundation period, the lower the groundwater level, and the greater the infiltration.

Improving the quality of land preparation and shallow irrigation can help reduce infiltration. There are many new paddy fields in the north, most of which do not form a stable plough bottom, and a large part of the paddy fields are not contiguous and have staggered water and drought, so the infiltration is large, generally accounting for 43% to 63% of the water demand of paddy fields, while only 7% to 29% in the south. Therefore, reducing infiltration is an important technical measure for rice planting in northern China.

From another point of view, moderate infiltration can promote soil gas exchange, supply oxygen needed for root respiration, and remove excess salinity from the soil and avoid the accumulation of reducing toxic substances, which is beneficial to rice growth. According to the results of domestic and international studies, the suitable infiltration rate of paddy field is 5 20mm per day and night. <

Sulfur on riceSulfur is a component of amino acids, and there are three sulfur-containing amino acids in proteins, namely cystine, cysteine and methionine, so sulfur has an important impact on protein synthesis; Sulfur is a component of many bioactive substances, such as coenzyme A, lipoic acid, ferredoxin, glutathione, etc., and therefore, plays an important role in metabolism; Sulfur has an important effect on the growth and development of rice due to photosynthesis, respiration, and phosphorus absorption and conversion. The sulfur content of rice is that when rice is deficient in sulfur, it returns to green slowly, and there are no tillers or less tillers; The plants are thin and short, with thin leaves and pale green or yellow-green leaves; The tips of the leaves have water-soaked brown spots, and the tips of the leaves are scorched; The root system is dark brown, with few white roots, and the growth is delayed. Physiological effects of calcium on riceCalcium exists in plants in the form of calcium pectinate, which is an important component of plant cell walls; Some important enzymes require calcium for activation, such as amylase, ATPase, etc.

Rice plants lack calcium, aging tissues, plant decay before aging, the disease first occurs in the young part of the shoot, the young leaves are curled and dry, the front end of the new leaves and the leaf edge of the stereotype are yellow, the old leaves are still green, the fruit is less, and there are many grains. <>

Physiological function of nitrogen nutrition: Nitrogen is the most important and indispensable nutrient element in plant nutrition. Because it is a constituent of many essential organic substances. In the plant body, the most important role of nitrogen is due to its presence in the structure of proteins, which are an important component of the protoplasm of cells.

During the growth and development of crops, the growth of cells in the body and the formation of new cells must have proteins. Otherwise, the formation of new cells in the plant body will be inhibited, and growth and development will be slowed down or stagnant; Nitrogen is also a component of nucleic acids, and RNA and DNA are the material basis for the synthesis of proteins and heredity; Nitrogen is also an important component of chlorophyll, chloroplasts are an important site for photosynthesis in plants, so nitrogen affects the growth of photosynthetic substances in rice by affecting the content of chlorophyll. When rice is deficient in nitrogen, the plants are thin, have few tillers, and the leaves are small and yellow-green, extending from the leaf tip along the midrib to the whole, and the lower leaves are yellow and scorched first. The roots are thin and long, and the root quantity is small.

The spikes are small, short, and mature early. Among the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the difference between the amount of soil nitrogen and the demand of rice was the largest, so nitrogen had the greatest impact on rice yield. <>

According to the regularity of rice water demand, carrying out scientific research in different development links and effectively managing water is a technical measure to increase rice yield and high yield. The technical points of water management are: planting seedlings in shallow water areas and standing seedlings in moisture.

The seedling planting water needs to be shallow, the seedlings do not float when planting, and the water falls moderately after planting to maintain the moisture of the field, which is conducive to the rapid establishment of seedlings.

Inch water returns to green, thin water tiller. After the seedlings are established, the paddy field should maintain a shallow water layer to return to green and promote tillering. If the water layer is too deep, it will inhibit tillering and delay tillering time, and lead to upper tillering. If the water layer is too shallow, it will cause too many tillers, which will consume the nutrients of the main stem, and produce many failed tillers.

Enough seedlings to dry the field, control the seedlings and set up a frame. When the number of seedlings in the field reaches 80% of the estimated number of panicles, it is necessary to properly drain the pipe to dry the field to manipulate the failure tillering in the middle and late stages. When drying the field, release the water to dry for 3 5 days, and then put the water on the shelf to lock the water for 2 3 days, and then release the water to dry quietly pure, so reciprocating 2 3 combos, but the field must be carried out according to the time and place, in the water resources are not secured, there may be a summer drought, drought in the area, the eggplant transport trembling can not blindly follow the trend of drying the field, otherwise it will lead to less water in the second half of the rice and the yield is limited by drought.

Sufficient water booting stage, strong seeds in wet areas. Sufficient water content must be sufficient during the booting stage of rice, and the paddy field should maintain a 1 2-inch water layer to ensure that the panicle grains are mostly large. If there is no water in the field at this time, not only the panicle is uneven, but even the panicle can not be pumped.

After the grouting is firm, intermittent irrigation should be carried out in wet area replacement to promote the shipment of organic chemicals in the main stem to the grains, reduce the empty shell grains, and increase the 1000-grain weight. After entering the yellow ripening link, the paddy field should be drained by drainage pipes, which will not only benefit the rich and round grains, but also help the field to obtain and improve the quality of agricultural land for the next crop.

Because rice seedlings are thinner, there is generally no need to apply fertilizer when the base fertilizer is abundant, so as to prevent the fertilizer efficiency from being too high and burning the seedlings. If the leaves of the seedlings turn yellow, they can be moderately watered with dissolved small animal water, and the grass ash is okay. Because of the high weather, the seedlings are about 30-40 days old in spring and 20 days in summer.

In order to better avoid the disease of rice seedlings from harming their growth and development, it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention of germination. There are many different kinds of insecticides, such as benzyl dichloride, insecticidal di, iprodione, dichloroquinolic acid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid wettable and funkdoc. Before the application of chemical fertilizer, it should be applied in accordance with the prescribed proportion, once every 10 days, and continue to be applied 2 3 times.

After planting, the shallow water of rice is used to protect the seedlings, so as to facilitate rooting, rooting, and rapid regreening. There should be a shallow water layer in the heading and flowering period, and the dry and wet alternate irrigation should be carried out in the lack of song during the filling period, and the open field should be mainly used to avoid premature water cut-off.

We must do a good job in the drainage system, but also pay attention to the time of sprinkling, and ensure the moisture of the soil, so as to be able to control the water well.

We need to do a good job of drainage, pay attention to the moisture of the soil, prepare for irrigation, and learn the techniques of water control.

SouthPrecipitationIrrigation water per mu is about 350 to 670 cubic meters for double cropping rice, 200 to 460 cubic meters for medium rice in one season, and 500 to 600 cubic meters for late rice in one digging season. Rice fields in the north require 266 to 1,000 cubic meters of irrigation water per mu due to their high water demand and low precipitation. In some places, due to rational irrigation, the actual water consumption can be much lower than these values.

The crop is cultivated by technology.

The crop likes high temperature, humidity and short sunshine, and the soil requirements are not strict.

The south of China is the main producing area, and the northern provinces are cultivated.

1. Seed treatment.

Seed treatment is a prerequisite in planting technology, and the selected seeds are generally cleaned before planting and placed in potassium permanganate solution.

Medium sterilization, and then put it in a gauze bag for germination treatment, keep the temperature at about 30 to germinate quickly.

2. Land preparation treatment.

In order to ensure the fertility of the cultivation medium, it is generally necessary to combine the cultivation and weeding treatment when preparing the land, and then add an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and superphosphate to the soil.

Potassium sulfate and other fertilizers, mix and stir evenly, and then add a small amount of dixone for sterilization.

3. Transplanting treatment.

The germinated seedlings are transplanted into the soil, do not cultivate too densely, keep the plant row spacing at about 10 cm, hold the seedling roots by hand, insert the root system into the soil, it is best not to be too shallow, the root system should be kept completely covered by the soil, and it can also be carried out with a seedling machine, which is faster.

4. Post-planting treatment.

If there is a lack of seedlings after planting, it is necessary to replenish the seedlings in time to ensure the original planting density, and frequent irrigation treatment is required during the growth period, and the water can be increased during the seedling period, generally only need to be submerged to one-third of the plant, and then ammonium sulfate should be added appropriately according to the growth situation.

Fertilizer is sufficient. 5. Weeding treatment.

It is best to carry out weeding treatment frequently after planting, and herbicide can be applied to it a week after planting.

Mainly oxatrione, when the growth is good, benzylthioyl herbicide can be added to the fertilizer mixed and sprayed to avoid weeds affecting the normal growth of plants.

1.The irrigation period is determined according to the soil moisture. The judgment is accurate, but it does not give full play to the benefits of irrigation, because the real object of irrigation is the plant, not the soil.

2.Advance irrigation plans are drawn up according to the critical period of plant moisture. However, due to the different meteorological conditions in different years and the different plant growth in different plots, it often changes.

3.The irrigation period is determined according to the irrigation pattern index. When the plant is short of water, the young stems and leaves wither due to the lack of water, the stem color turns dark green or red, and the growth rate decreases.

The advantage of this method is that the irrigation pattern index is easy to observe, and the disadvantage is that it needs to be practiced many times to master it.

4.The irrigation period was determined according to the physiological indicators of irrigation. In general, leaf growth, cell fluid concentration, osmotic potential, and stomatal opening are used as physiological indicators for irrigation.

I used to grow upland rice, and it was very good and high-yielding

If you can ensure that you can have water when you need it, you can grow rice, but if you can't, don't think about it.

Rice must have water in the field!!