Illustrate how vernalization and plant photoperiod characteristics can be used to serve agriculture

1) Artificial vernalization, accelerate flowering: such as winter wheat that will sprout.

The seeds are stuffed in a tank and placed at 0 5 low temperatures for 40 50 days, which can be used to replant winter wheat in the spring; The use of vernalization treatment in breeding work can cultivate 3 or 4 generations of winter crops in a year and accelerate the breeding process. In order to avoid the spring "pouring spring cold."

For the low temperature injury of spring wheat, the seeds can be artificially vernalized and sown late, so that they can mature normally under the condition of shortening the growth period. After low temperature treatment, spring wheat can mature early for 5 to 10 days, which can not only avoid the influence of bad climate (such as dry and hot wind), but also facilitate the growth of crops in the later season.

2) Guidance introduction: Attention should be paid to the latitude of the place of origin when introducing seeds, and the requirements of varieties for low temperature should be understood. If varieties from the north are introduced to the south, they may not be able to pass the vernalization stage smoothly due to the high local temperature, so that the plants only carry out vegetative growth without flowering and fruiting, resulting in irreparable losses.

3) Control the flowering period: such as low temperature treatment can make autumn sowing.

The first and second year old herbaceous flowers are changed to spring sowing and bloom in the same year; For plants harvested with vegetative organs, they can be stored at high temperature to prevent vernalization (such as angelica), or treated with high temperature before spring planting to relieve vernalization (such as onions), which can inhibit flowering and prolong vegetative growth, thereby increasing yield and improving quality.

When introducing crops from other places, it is necessary to consider the photoperiod characteristics of the introduced varieties, whether they belong to long-day plants, short-day plants or day-neutral plants, and whether there are requirements for low temperatures. In general, in our country, short-day plants are introduced from the north to the south, and they will bloom in advance, and if the introduced varieties are for harvesting fruits or seeds, late-maturing varieties should be chosen; For the introduction from the south to the north, early maturing varieties should be chosen. If long-day plants are introduced from the north to the south, flowering will be delayed, so it is advisable to choose early-maturing varieties; When introducing the north from the south, early-maturing varieties should be chosen.

Understand the conditions and rules of angiosperm flowering induction; 2. Master the characteristics of plant vernalization; Characteristics of photoperiod phenomena and flower bud differentiation and concealment. 3.Through the analysis of the physiological pathways of plant flowering photoperiod, the specific application of photoperiod in the flowering residue of plant Zhiliang Hall was summarized, and other environmental factors should be considered in the application.

Artificial means of controlling the photoperiod, which can promote or prolong the flowering of plants, have begun to be used in flower production. Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, blooming in autumn under natural conditions, in order to achieve a special ornamental purpose, the use of artificial shortening of daylight, as long as you try to give the plant a complete shading condition can achieve the goal, so that the chrysanthemum can be in.

In June and July, it can even bloom on the "May Day" festival. In an artificial climate chamber or incubator, the photo-dark cycle can be artificially changed to regulate the reproductive process according to people's wishes.