How to prevent and control gray mold? Prevention and control methods of gray mold

The following measures should be taken to prevent and control grape gray mold:

1) Clean the orchard:

The sclerotia overwintering on the diseased residue is the main source of initial infection, therefore, it is necessary to combine the prevention and control of other diseases to completely clear the garden and do a good job in the prevention and control of the overwintering dormant period. After the onset of the disease in spring, the diseased flower spikes should be carefully removed and destroyed to reduce the source of reinfection.

2) Strengthen orchard management:

Control the use of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer, prevent branch growth, inhibit vegetative growth, properly prune overgrown branches, or spray growth inhibitors, do a good job in the ventilation and light transmission of the orchard, reduce field humidity, etc., and have a better effect on preventing gray mold.

3) Timely pest control:

Pest control can reduce fruit wounds, so that gray mold is less likely to infect fruit grains.

4) Pharmaceutical prevention and control

Spray once in the spring germination period 3 5 Baumé stone sulfur mixture; Spray 1 2 times before flowering for prevention, you can choose 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, 50% Herui water dispersible granules 1200 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 times, 50% promethine wettable powder 800 times, etc., but the resistance of Botrytis to a variety of chemical agents is stronger than that of other fungi. In addition, 600 times of 75% Daknin wettable powder, 400 times of 3% polyantimycin, etc., can also treat gray mold.

1) Symptoms: Germs invade from the blooming and failing flowers, causing the flowers to spoil. The petals and stigma of the first flower are infected by the fungus and develop into the fruit. After the young melon is susceptible, the pedicle is soaked in water at first, and the young melon quickly becomes soft, and the surface is densely covered with gray-brown mold layer, and sometimes small brown sclerotia grow in the mold layer in the later stage, causing the fruit to shrink and rot.

The shedding rotten flowers and young melons attach to the leaf surface, which can cause leaf disease, produce brown lesions at the contact site, and appear concentric ring patterns and gray mold, causing rot and forming large blight; If it is attached to the stem, it will cause stem rot.

2) Pathogenesis caused by Botrytis cinerea. The pathogen has a wide range of hosts, a variety of vegetables are diseased, the diseased residues survive in the soil for several years, and the temperature and humidity in the shed are low and humid after the flowering and fruit setting period are rainy, and the disease begins to occur. Dense planting, poor ventilation and light transmission, and high soil moisture will aggravate the disease.

Under normal circumstances, 15 and 27 can cause the disease, and the most suitable temperature is 22.

3) Prevention and control methods: focus on prevention and control during flowering and fruiting period.

Remove diseased leaves in time, pull out weeds, and strengthen ventilation and light transmission. In the early stage of the disease, 5% Sukrin WP 2000 times, or 50% Promethine WP 1500 times, or 50% Nonlilin WP 1000 times, or 65% Methalin WP 1000 times.

10% inciferent dust agent 15 kg per hectare sprayed.

10% Polyann WP 800 times liquid spray control.

Sukrin fumigant is covered with a tight canopy film fumigation in the evening.

If you need to dip the medicine into the flowers, you can add the dosage of 50% Suclin to the solution.

In order to improve the control level of gray mold, in addition to the removal of senescent and diseased organs, temperature and humidity control, reasonable watering and fertilization, and scientific use of drugs mentioned above, the following measures should also be taken: After the seedlings are pulled in the previous stubble, the diseased leaves and debris should be completely removed; Before transplanting in the shed with severe disease, 10% Suclin smoke agent per mu 1 2 kg per mu is used for 12 24 hours, and 50% Suclin or 65% Methylmycolin wettable powder 400 500 times can be used, or 40% Scarlet suspension 600 times liquid carefully sprayed on the ground, walls, shed films, columns, etc. for surface sterilization; If conditions permit, self-controlled ozone disinfection can be used, and the smoke applicator at room temperature can release ozone to carry out comprehensive disinfection and sterilization of the empty shed; The use of high ridge mulching and trellis cultivation, with drip irrigation, pipe irrigation and other water-saving measures; After transplanting and 5 to 7 days before flowering, 5000 10000 times and 10000 20000 times of wettable powder were sprayed on the foliar surface to improve the resistance to low-temperature frost damage and disease resistance. In addition, solar soil disinfection (see root-knot nematode section for the method) is also effective in seriously ill sheds after spring stubble pulling.

1) Strengthen cultivation management. Crop rotation was implemented, soil disinfection was carried out before planting, and seedlings were soaked for 10 to 12 minutes with 300 400 times of 65% zinc wettable powder before planting. It should not be too dense when planting, and nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied during the growth period.

Potted plants should be replaced with new culture soil once a year.

2) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased leaves, branches, buds and diseased flower buds were removed in time, and then sprayed with 50% dysammonium 800 1000 times. In addition to the affected area, the focus of spraying is also on the soil surface.

Spray once every 15 days or so, spray 2 or 3 times in a row, you can achieve good control effect.

Spodoptera liturae is a very miscellaneous gluttonous pest, which mainly harms tomatoes in nightshade vegetables. Spodoptera liturae larvae often gather near the egg masses to gnaw on the mesophyll, and the mesophyll on the back of the leaf is gnawed into a gauze mesh, leaving only the epidermis and veins. After the second instar, they began to disperse, and the fifth and sixth instars were the gluttony stage, and each larva could damage 7 10 fruits, accounting for 96% of the total larval food. The damaged tomatoes are inedible, so the yield is seriously affected.

Spodoptera liturae can reproduce all year round in South China without overwintering problems; It is highly likely that the source of insects in the Yangtze River basin migrated from the south. In Zhejiang Province, Spodoptera liturae can occur in 5 to 8 generations a year, and it blooms in July and September. The fastest growing temperature of Spodoptera liturae is 29 30, and the most serious damage is in late August, so it is called a high-temperature pest.

Spodoptera liturae adults are nocturnal and have strong flight ability, which can fly tens of meters at a time, up to more than 10 meters; Adults have phototaxis, and are taxis to sugar, vinegar, wine, fermented carrots, malt, soybean cakes, cow dung, etc. The eggs are mostly laid on the underside of the leaves, and each female adult lays an average of 3 5 eggs, each with 100 200 eggs, and the egg period is 5 6 days at an average temperature of 25. The larvae have a total of 6 instars, and the newly hatched larvae swarm mesophyll, leaving the epidermis and leaf veins, which are easily observed in the field, and the larvae after the 4th instar enter the gluttony stage, and most of them come out in the evening to cause harm.

The following three measures are mainly adopted for the control of Spodoptera litura:

1) Trapping adult insects.

The method of booby-trapping is mainly to use black light to hunt and kill, or to trap with sweet and sour liquid: 6 parts of sugar, 3 parts of vinegar, 1 part of liquor, 10 parts of water, and 1 part of 90% trichlorfon mixed thoroughly. In recent years, the technique of trapping and killing male Spodoptera liturae by sexual traps has been widely promoted.

2) Egg masses are picked and larvae are captured manually.

Egg masses can be picked by taking advantage of the characteristics of concentrated oviposition of adults; It is also possible to take advantage of the characteristics of 1 2 instar larval clusters to remove egg masses; In addition, the method of manual capture of older larvae can be used. The egg masses or larvae removed above are destroyed in a centralized manner.

3) Pharmaceutical prevention and control.

It can be used with 10% Anlubao 1500 times liquid, 20% pyrethuron suspension 1500 2000 times liquid, 5% anti-Taibao + 5% stuck decimation emulsifiable concentrate 1000 1500 times liquid, 5% Ruijinte 1500 2000 times liquid, 10% depletion suspension 1000 1500 times liquid, Nongdile emulsifiable concentrate 1000 1500 times liquid, vegetable and fruit emulsifiable concentrate 500 times liquid, 25% fight special 4000 times liquid, 8010 insecticidal bacteria 500 800 times liquid, 25% insecticidal aqueous agent 500 times liquid +Dichlorvos EC 1000 times liquid spray, 48% Lesben EC 800 1000 times liquid, etc. The time of pesticide control should be mastered in the 1 2 instar stage, and the larvae above 3 instars are dispersed into the fruit, and the control effect is greatly reduced.

Mine hit me several times but it didn't work.

Strawberry gray mold is a fungal pathogenic disease, which likes low temperature and high humidity. Therefore, try to control the humidity in the shed and use drip irrigation. Ground lamination, early ventilation and other measures. Only with chemical prevention and control can there be a good prevention and control effect.

Steps to control gray mold:

1. Select improved varieties and strictly control seedlings: the selection of disease-resistant varieties can improve the ability of tomato to resist gray mold. According to the cultivation test, the varieties such as Jiafen No. 1 and Shanghai Nianhuafu 903 are more resistant to gray mold.

Seedlings should be selected disease-free new bed soil, preferably not planted with tomatoes for many years, garlic or food crops of the soil, pay attention to do not take soil seedlings or seedlings in the greenhouse in the sick area, in order to prevent seedlings from being infected with pathogens.

2. Reasonable dense planting: according to the specific situation and the morphological characteristics of the variety, reasonable dense planting. Early-maturing cultivars, single-hole planting, generally planted 4000 5000 plants per mu, plant spacing 30 35 cm.

At the same time, the basal fertilizer based on the rotting farmhouse fertilizer is applied, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are increased to prevent the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, which will affect the ventilation and light transmission and reduce the resistance.

3. Clean the countryside: Before planting, remove the stubble and dead branches and leaves in the greenhouse, and then plough the ground. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased leaves, flowers, fruits and the lower yellow leaves and old leaves should be removed in time, and brought to the outdoors for deep burial or burning, so as to keep the greenhouse clean and reduce the source of initial infection.

Attention should also be paid to distinguishing healthy and diseased plants when operating in the field to prevent artificially transmitted pathogens.

4. Reduce humidity in the greenhouse: high ridge cultivation, drip irrigation water supply is used to avoid flood irrigation, watering is best carried out in the morning on sunny days, avoid watering on rainy days, and leakage can effectively reduce indoor humidity. In addition, laying a layer of dry wheat straw grass in the ditch can not only slow down the release of surface water, but also ease the temperature change of the crop growth layer, reduce the condensation caused by high humidity and large temperature difference, and have the effect of moisture absorption.

5. Variable temperature ventilation: According to research, the temperature above 31 can slow down the germination rate and number of Bophylospora spores, therefore, choose to release the air in the morning of a sunny day, so that the greenhouse temperature rises rapidly to 33 and then release. When the temperature in the greenhouse drops above 25, continue to ventilate at noon, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 25 30 in the afternoon, and close the vents when the temperature in the greenhouse drops to 20 to slow down the drop in room temperature at night, and keep the greenhouse temperature at 15 17 at night.

On rainy days, vents should be opened in time for ventilation.

6. Removal of residual petals and stigma: Studies have shown that the initial infection of tomato gray mold on the fruit is mainly the residual petals and stigma, and then expands to the fruit pedicle and navel, and finally extends to other parts of the fruit. Therefore, the residual petals and stigma of young tomato fruits should be removed 7 to 15 days after the tomato is dipped in flowers (the diameter of the young fruit is about 1 cm).

This is done by pinching the stalk of the tomato with the index finger and thumb of one hand, and removing the remaining petals and stigma with the other hand with slight pressure.

Botrytis is one of the common fungal diseases of flowers, and its host has a wide range of hosts, which can damage the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits of the host. Flowers are cautiously concealed, and the wide hall usually begins with water-stained spots and gradually expands, then turns brown or black-brown with irregular patterns. When the weather is wet, gray mold can also grow.

Prevention and control methods: In the early stage of the disease, cut off the diseased leaves in time, and spray 70 Tobuzin 1000 times, or spray 75{bf}chlorothalonil 800 times for prevention and control; In late autumn, the remains of diseased plants were completely removed and burned in a centralized manner. Implement crop rotation or mix the same amount of pentachloronitrobenzene with 80{bf} zebsen wettable powder, and use 8 10 grams per square meter for soil disinfection; Disease-free plants were selected as propagation materials, and soaked in 65 dysen zinc 300 times for 10 15 minutes before planting.

The overall prevention and control is similar, control the humidity and temperature, and regularly use Pythium smoke reducer, which can be prevented.

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