Under what circumstances can the body be given radiotherapy?

Some cancers of the head, such as nasopharyngeal cancer, have small gaps and difficult surgery, so radiotherapy is required. and so on, and there are cases where chemotherapy needs to be rented after a period of chemotherapy. No matter what the situation is, the postoperative *** is not to be underestimated, and special attention should be paid to it.

Dr. Zhang Jun said that chemoradiotherapy is as important as postoperative recovery care, which is currently employed by the Department of Oncology of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital as the director of the department.

Tumor radiation, it is a local way to use radiation to tumors, including radioisotopes generated, rays and various X-ray machines or accelerators to produce X-rays, electronic rays, proton beams and other particle beams, etc., about 70% of cancer patients need to use radiation in the process of cancer, about 40% of cancer can be radiotherapy.

The role and status of letting go in tumors have become increasingly prominent, and it has become one of the main means of malignant tumors. Although it is only a few decades old, it is developing very quickly. With the help of the development of CT imaging technology and computer technology, the current radiotherapy technology has developed from two-dimensional radiotherapy to three-dimensional radiotherapy and four-dimensional radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy dose allocation has also developed from point dose to volumetric dose allocation, and dose modulation in volumetric dose allocation. Today's mainstream radiotherapy techniques include stereotactic radiosurgery** and stereotactic radiosurgery. Stereotactic radiosurgery** mainly includes three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, three-dimensional conformal intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery mainly includes X-knife, knife and Cyberknife, etc.

The indications for radiotherapy for cancer mainly include: (1) Tumors suitable for radiotherapy alone include early-to-mid-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma, early-to-mid-stage sinus cancer, early tongue cancer, early laryngeal cancer, cervical and mid-esophageal cancer, early cervical cancer, early Hodgkin's disease and early prostate cancer. (2) Tumors suitable for radiotherapy combined surgery include early and middle intracranial tumors, middle and late head and neck tumors, early thyroid cancer, lower esophageal cancer, early and middle gastric cancer, early and middle lung cancer, malignant thymoma, intermediate cervical cancer, early and intermediate rectal cancer, early and intermediate anal canal cancer, seminoma and some soft tissue tumors.

3) Tumors suitable for radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy include small cell lung cancer of all stages, intermediate and advanced Hodgkin's disease, malignant lymphoma of all stages and most advanced malignant tumors. (4) Some adenocarcinoma and malignant mixed tumors cannot be treated with radiotherapy first, such as breast cancer, thyroid cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer and parotid mixed tumors. Contraindications to cancer radiation** are:

1) Patients with advanced cancer who have obvious cachexia, such as emaciation, dehydration, and extremely poor nutritional status, and cannot undergo radiotherapy can be used as absolute contraindications. (2) Esophageal cancer has been perforated, a large amount of fluid in the cavity, lung cancer with a large amount of cancerous pleural effusion, liver cancer with a large amount of ascites, etc. should be contraindicated. (3) Tumors that are not sensitive to radiation, such as soft tissue sarcoma:

Fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, and melanoma should be considered relative contraindications. Radiation therapy is usually not done. (4) Moderately sensitive tumors with radiotherapy should be contraindicated because normal tissues can no longer tolerate the second repeated irradiation when they are locally recurred after sufficient radiotherapy.

5) Radiotherapy is not suitable for moderately sensitive tumors that have metastasized in the distance.

Radiotherapy is one of the three major methods of cancer. It is a method of irradiating tumors with various rays of different energies to inhibit and kill cancer cells. Radiotherapy can be used alone or in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, etc., as part of a comprehensive approach to increase the incidence of cancer.

A period of radiotherapy before surgery can be performed to reduce the size of the tumor, so that patients who could not have surgery can have the opportunity to undergo surgery. For advanced cancer, palliative radiotherapy can be used to relieve compression and relieve pain.

Radiotherapy can be divided into two types: ** radiotherapy and palliative radiotherapy. The former is suitable for early and some advanced patients to eliminate the primary lesion, possible residual lesions after surgery, and some metastases. The latter is suitable for patients with advanced disease and is mostly a stopgap measure.

Doses are given according to tolerance to improve symptoms, reduce pain, and prolong life. Individual can also achieve the effect of **.

Doctors determine the total dose based on the nature of the tumor, its location, the stage of the disease, and its general condition. The total dose is allocated to 20 30 doses, which are irradiated in 4-6 weeks. After accurate positioning, a mark is drawn on the surface of the body, and through the surface of the body, it is irradiated to the tumor site.

Therefore, the positioning marks such as frames drawn on the body surface should not be scrubbed off by yourself.

Radiotherapy is a conventional way for cancer patients to use radiation to directly irradiate cancer cells in tumor lesions, so that the genes of tumor cells are broken, thereby blocking the continued growth of cancer cells. Radiotherapy can be used alone or in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, etc.

Radiotherapy is one of the most important means of cancer. It is to find the lesion and use radiation to kill the cancer cells. There are still some good cells around the lesion, but if they can't be peeled out, they will be killed along with the normal cells.

There will be a series of adverse reactions, not only radiotherapy, but also to do a good job of post-radiotherapy care, Dr. Zhang Jun of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, director of the oncology department, has a lot of experience in this area and has written a lot of notes to patients.

Radiotherapy, referred to as radiotherapy, refers to a method of emitting some radiation to malignant tumors through radiation, such as isotopes, such as alpha, beta, gamma rays, and X-ray machines. Radiotherapy is a local method, which was first used for laryngeal cancer, and has achieved obvious results. At present, radiotherapy, as one of the three conventional means of malignant tumors, plays a pivotal role in clinical practice.

According to WHO statistics, the contribution rate of radiotherapy in malignant tumors has reached 41%.

Radiotherapy is radiation exposure**, which is mainly used for malignant tumors**. The principle is that under radiation radiation, tumor cells are more fragile than normal cells, and are killed, tumor cells can no longer grow after killing, while normal cells and tissues can regenerate to a certain extent, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling tumors.

However, radiotherapy is not always effective, and some tumors are not sensitive to radiotherapy, and the effect is very poor. In addition, the size of the tumor also has an impact on the effect of radiotherapy, and theoretically the larger the effect, the worse the effect.

In addition, radiotherapy sometimes does not completely kill tumor cells, and individual tumor cells will "dormant" after radiotherapy and begin to grow again at a certain time.

The radiation produced by radiotherapy also has ***, normal tissues are irradiated, which will lead to local nutritional disorders, especially the atresia of blood vessels after being destroyed by radiation, which can lead to necrosis of local tissues, such as radiation osteomyelitis, and some serious radiotherapy complications can be life-threatening. Due to radiation, there are also individual patients who develop other malignancies after radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy has a relatively direct inhibitory effect on cancer cells, and the effect is ideal if the patient can tolerate it and use it properly. However, radiotherapy is only local like surgery, and radiotherapy has serious deficiencies such as "friend or foe" (cancer cells are killed together with normal cells) and large toxicity, so radiotherapy is not suitable for all tumor patients, and the scope of application of radiotherapy should be strictly grasped in order to give full play to its efficacy.

The scope of application of radiotherapy mainly includes:

1. Relatively hidden cancers, such as nasal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, early stage and middle and late localization.

2. Cancer that has not been completely resected by surgery and the residual lesion is not large, such as early and mid-stage lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, etc.

3. The scope of the cancer is limited, but it is difficult to completely resect, radiotherapy can be performed before surgery to shrink the cancer and improve the possibility of complete surgical resection.

In addition, the effect of radiotherapy is related to the sensitivity of the tumor to radiotherapy, and the sensitivity of radiotherapy for low-grade cancers is high, such as small cell lung cancer, poorly differentiated squamous epithelial cell carcinoma, etc., radiotherapy can be slightly encouraged for such cancers, but the scope and dose of radiotherapy should also be strictly controlled.

1) Tumors with simple **: nasopharyngeal cancer, early laryngeal cancer, early oral cancer, paranasal sinus cancer, Hodgkin's disease, medulloblastoma, basal cell carcinoma, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, etc.

2) Combined with chemotherapy ** tumors: small cell lung cancer, intermediate and advanced malignant lymphoma, etc.

3) Comprehensive with surgery**: maxillary sinus, otolaryngology, glioneuroblastoma, lung cancer, thymoma, gastrointestinal cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, etc. There are planned preoperative radiotherapy, intraoperative radiotherapy, and postoperative radiotherapy.

4) Palliative radiotherapy: analgesic radiotherapy for bone metastases, radiotherapy for brain metastases, and alleviating effects of local serious comorbidities caused by advanced tumors.

Radiation is actually very simple, that is, through different radiation to reduce the tumor, or eliminate a means of **, it is actually a physical means, at present, there is a long history, about 70% of the tumor needs to be radiated**. Because at the same time of radiation, it will damage the normal tissues around the tumor, and at the same time, the necrosis and edema of the tumor caused by the radiation itself can also cause a series of complications, in other words, that is, radiation rays will kill some normal tissues while killing the tumor.