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Imperialism forced China to sign more than 1,100 unequal treaties and carried out a massive and frenzied plundering of China's wealth. According to statistics, in the past 100 years, foreign invaders have plundered war reparations and other payments amounting to 100 billion taels through these unequal treaties. Among them, eight unequal treaties, including the Treaty of Nanjing, the Treaty of Shimonoseki, and the Treaty of Xincho, extorted 100 million taels of claims, equivalent to 16 times the income of the Qing Dynasty in 1901.
The reparations extorted by Japan through the Treaty of Shimonoseki alone were 100 million taels**, which was equivalent to four and a half years of revenue from Japan's national treasury at that time. The damage caused by the aggressors in the war and looting is even more difficult to estimate. During Japan's full-scale war of aggression against China (1937-1945), more than 930 cities in China were occupied, with direct economic losses of $62 billion and indirect economic losses of more than $500 billion.
The loss of national sovereignty and the looting of social wealth have deprived the Chinese people of the most basic living conditions.
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Under the closed policy of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chinese civilization was in a state of stagnation, and the psychology of arrogance brought irreversible consequences. Since modern times, the colonization actions of the great powers have brought great disasters to China. The two Opium Wars, the First Sino-Japanese War, and the invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Coalition all brought misery to China.
After the outbreak of World War II, Japan's inhumane aggression killed countless Chinese and destroyed China's original productive forces.
Ancient times or not? Don't write it, it's generally modern, right?
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The passage of time may erase many memories in people's hearts, but the past full of "blood and fire" is vivid, and it warns people to always take warning. The Analects once warned: "If a person has no foresight, he will have near-term worries."
The ancient Greek philosopher said that "one cannot step into the same river twice", isn't it from the lessons of the past to always look at this rearview mirror and slowly trek forward? Describing and recording, recalling and interpreting, is a right that human beings will never give up. "Taking history as a mirror and facing the future", it can be said that history is the bag of human progress, although it may be heavy, but the journey is indispensable.
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The history of humiliation in China in the past 100 years is 109 years from the beginning of the Opium War in 1840 to the end of the Kuomintang in Nanjing in 1949. Over the past 100 years or so, many capitalist imperialist countries in the world have carried out ferocious aggression against China and have attacked us. Portugal was the first to extend its claws to China, followed by Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Tsarist Russia, Japan and other countries.
In the wars of aggression and anti-aggression, except for the War of Resistance Against Japan, the heroic resistance of the Chinese people, and the surrender of Japanese imperialism due to various reasons at home and abroad, every war ended with China's defeat and forced to sign a treaty that humiliated the country. During this period of history, starting with the Treaty of Nanjing, the first unequal treaty signed between China and foreign countries, the imperialist lists forced China to sign more than 1,000 unequal treaties with them. With these treaties, the imperialists seized Chinese land, extorted huge indemnities, forcibly seized large concessions, forcibly opened treaty ports, plundered countless wealth, killed countless lives, and trafficked large quantities of drugs.
They gradually controlled China's economic life, manipulated China's politics, military, and culture, seriously undermined China's self-sufficient feudal economic foundation, and made China politically semi-independent and non-uniform, and China gradually changed from a feudal society to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
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In 1840, Britain launched the Opium War of aggression against China and bombarded China's gates with artillery. Subsequently, the Western powers followed one after another and launched a series of wars of aggression against China.
The Second Opium War, the Sino-Japanese War, and the Eight-Power Allied War of Aggression against China brought profound disasters to the Chinese. However, in the face of a strong enemy, the Chinese people have never given in. They bravely resisted foreign aggression and actively explored the path of rejuvenation.
The Taiping Rebellion, the Xinhai Revolution, the May Fourth Patriotic Movement and the birth of the Communist Party of China, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the War of Liberation were all wave after wave. In the process of opposing foreign aggression, we have experienced many times of resistance, defeat, and struggle.
The Chinese people finally won the great victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan; In the struggle against reactionaries at home and abroad, the victory of the new democratic revolution was achieved. In this way, the aspirations of the modern Chinese people to resist aggression and oppression and pursue national independence have finally been realized.
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This is a portrayal of China's 100-year humiliating history in modern times, and it is a national shame for China. Here, while we denounce the heinous crimes committed against us by Japan back then, we should also ponder what caused such a humiliating history. There is a saying in China that "shame leads to courage", and we should keep this humiliation in mind and work hard so that this history will not be rewritten.
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"Looking at the present with the past, and looking at the night with the present", this is Wang Xizhi's view in the "Orchid Pavilion Preface". If the past is viewed in humiliation today, then the present will also be viewed in humiliation in the future. History is a precious cultural experience of mankind, and the word "humiliation" cannot be regarded as "humiliating".
Respecting history can lead to the inheritance and continuation of culture, and treating it with humiliation will only make the future more confusing. Therefore, in the face of the ruin of the country and the exhaustion of the meeting, Wang Xizhi chose the latter, because it was the obligation of him and the country he represented.
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The Opium War of 1840 marked the beginning of China's modern history, followed by the Second Opium War, which made China completely semi-colonial and semi-feudal. The Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Treaty of Whampoa, the Treaty of Nanjing, and a series of humiliating treaties were signed, which lost a large amount of territory.
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The British and French forces destroyed the Old Summer Palace, and if they didn't admit it, they set fire to the Old Summer Palace!
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Up and down for 5,000 years, starting from Pangu opening the world and Nuwa creating people, through Emperor Yan, Yao Shunyu, Xia, Shang and Zhou, Spring and Autumn Warring States, Qin Shi Huang unified China, the overlord destroyed Qin, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, Han divided the East and West Han, the Three Kingdoms of the Han Dynasty, the Jin unified the Three Kingdoms, the Jin divided the East and West Jin, followed by the Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty unified the world, the Tang Dynasty destroyed the Sui, the Five Dynasties, the Ten Kingdoms, the Song Dynasty and the unification, the Liao State, the Western Xia, the Jin, the Yuan, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty.
In May of the 20th year of Daoguang (June 1840), Britain began a war of aggression against China, which lasted for more than two years. In August 1842, the British invaders forced the Qing Dynasty again. >>>More
In China's modern history, imperialist countries, large and small, vied with each other to invade us, China was forced to sign hundreds of unequal treaties, and the Chinese people were defeated again and again in the wars of aggression of the West. In 1840, in order to open the door to China, Britain brazenly launched the Opium War, the ancient and backward China was defeated in the face of the West's strong ships and artillery, and in 1842 signed the first unequal treaty in modern Chinese history - the "Treaty of Nanjing", and then signed the Sino-British "Five Ports Trade Charter", the Sino-British "Humen Treaty", the Sino-US "Wangxia Treaty", the Sino-French "Whampoa Treaty" and other first unequal treaties in modern Chinese history, forced to cede land, pay indemnities, open treaty ports, and foreign customs agreementsForeign countries have obtained consular jurisdiction in China and privileges such as missionary work in treaty ports. These treaties brought barbarism and humiliation to the Chinese people. >>>More
Unequal treaties.
List of unequal treaties. >>>More
In 1860, the British invaded Beijing and broke into the Old Summer Palace, turning the world's most beautiful and splendid building into ruins. This is a humiliation for the generation of Chinese people.
Most of the humiliation suffered by old China came from the European and American powers, starting from the first Opium War, China was forced to open the country, the incompetence and weakness of the Qing ** made the foreign powers invade a lot of China's territory, signed many unequal treaties, etc., China also became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and later there was a full-scale war of aggression against China by Japan, but it was this war that united the Chinese and defeated Japan and established New China. >>>More