Explain: What is Newton s Absolute Time and Absolute Space?

Einstein relied on the principle that the speed of light is invariant, which is that the speed of light is always the same for any observer who is moving, no matter how they move

This led to the theory of relativity--- whereas one must abandon the existence of a single absolute time on the contrary each observer has his own measurement of time recorded by the clock he carries: the clocks carried by different observers do not have to coincide. In this way, time becomes a much more personal concept relative to the observer who is taking the measurement, which is the relative of time.

As for relative space, Einstein proposed that gravity is a very special force that can be understood as merely the result of space-time distortion.

For example, the Earth revolves around the Sun, but in fact, the Earth moves in a straight line in four dimensions, except that space-time is twisted into a circle.

It's like an airplane flying in the air, and in three-dimensional space, the plane is moving in a straight line at a uniform speed, but its shadow falls on a rugged mountain (two-dimensional space) and it looks like it's moving irregularly.

In his Principia, Newton stated that "absolute, real, and mathematical time itself passes, and, by its nature, passes evenly, independently of any other external thing, and relative, apparent, and ordinary time is ......."In the case of motion, we usually use measures such as hours, months, years, etc., in place of real time." "Absolute space, by its very nature, is always the same and immovable regardless of anything in the outside world. Relative space is the movable part or measure of absolute space" (from Selected Works of Newton's Natural Philosophy, p. 27).

Ever since Newton established the concept of absolute space and absolute time, it seems to be very correct from common sense. From Newton's concept of absolute time and absolute space, the following conclusions can be drawn.

1. Absolute space and absolute time can exist independently without any relationship.

2. Absolute space and absolute time can exist independently of external things.

3. The movement of matter can be related only to time, or only to space. For example, the law of gravitation formula has nothing to do with time. or has nothing to do with space and time

Newton coincidentally believed that absolute space was controlled by God. （）

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct Answer: A

First, the nature is different.

1. The absolute view of space-time holds that the measurement of time and space has nothing to do with the state of motion of the inertial frame of reference, and that the kinematics (such as coordinates and velocity) observed by the same object in different inertial frames of reference can be related to each other through Galilean transformations.

2. Relative to time and space, time and space are linked, they are interrelated and mutually restricted, and the movement of matter has a certain impact on time and space.

Second, the person who proposed it is different.

1. Absolute view of time and space: Newton.

2. Relative view of time and space: Albert Einstein.

Third, the relationship between space and time is different.

1. Absolute view of time and space: It is believed that time and space are two independent concepts, which are not related to each other and have absolute nature.

2. Relative view of time and space: time and space are closely related, and the movement of time, space and matter is inseparable.

Newton's view of absolute space-time is that time and space are two independent concepts, which are not related to each other and have absolute nature. The absolute view of space-time holds that the measurement of time and space is independent of the state of motion of the inertial frame of reference, and that the kinematics observed by the same object in different inertial frames of reference can be related to each other through the Galilean transformation.

In addition, the classical view of space-time was first clearly put forward by Newton, who made a clear statement on absolute time and absolute space in his famous book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", so it is also called Newton's view of space, the so-called absolute, refers to time and space have nothing to do with the state of motion of the observer of the state mountain, in fact, the absolute view of space-time is a summary of people's experience in a low-speed state.

Newton. The absolute view of time and space is that time and space are two independent concepts, which are not related to each other and have absolute nature. The absolute view of space-time is a measure of time and space and an inertial frame of reference.

The kinematics observed by the same object in different inertial frames of reference can be related to each other by Galilean transformations.

In addition, the classical view of time and space was first proposed by Newton, who wrote in his famous work "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy".

In the book, the absolute time and absolute void answer to the burning room made a clear statement, so it is also called the Newtonian view of space, the so-called absolute, refers to the time and space have nothing to do with the observer's state of motion, in fact, the absolute void view of time and space is the summary of people's experience in the low-speed state.

Newton's explanation of time in classical mechanics is: "Time is like a long river that flows uniformly and continuously without a head and tail, and has nothing to do with the motion of matter."It is absolute and infinite. Absolute space is independent of absolute time, nor is it related to matter and the movement of matter.

In his principle of relativity and the principle of invariance of the speed of light, Einstein had a new understanding of time, and he believed that time and space are not isolated from each other, but are inseparably linked, and space and time penetrate and transform each other. Quite the opposite with Newton.

The Soviet scholar Weinik once put forward a brand-new hypothesis about time matter and time field, believing that everything in the universe belongs to time matter and has the continuity of time. Like radiation and waves, time matter constantly emits a kind of time particle, which can act as an information carrier.

Speaking of space, scientists have had various interpretations of space in the past: Newton's space and matter are independent and completely disconnected, they are only attached to each other without interaction, so Newton's space model is only applicable to a certain part of space and not to the macroscopic whole; Einstein's space is relative, his space is divided into a series of relatively isolated systems, and the space he considers is a singular space with a finite volume and no edges, roughly equivalent to all the properties of a regular curve; Modern mathematicians divide space into three categories, namely zero space, positive space, and negative space. What people call straight space is zero space.

Of course, Einstein also had a famous four-dimensional theory of space-time, in which he confirmed the four-dimensional unity of space-time.

All the thinking you do is based on classical mechanics, all within the scope of Newton's absolute view of space-time, and the development of the theory of relativity is a mathematical process.

The absolute view of time and space holds that time and space are two independent concepts, unrelated to each other, and each has absoluteness.

This is the wisdom of scientists, which is certainly incomprehensible to us as ordinary people.

Because Newton was a scientist, he probably studied "time" and "space."

Because Newton felt that the interaction between time and space was relatively small.

Because this statement is Newton's research finding, there will be such a theory.

The main thing is that his Newtonian theorem of motion can be proven, and there is also his hypothesis.

It may be that he was able to explain that the movement of objects in space is not controlled by time.

This is the result of his research, and it is also his vision and his idea.

We don't know about this, maybe he has his own ideas.

Newton's philosophical ideas are basically spontaneous materialist ideas. He acknowledges the objective existence of time and space, but sees them as detached from moving matter. Although the metaphysical view of absolute space-time proposed by him can be well applied to solve the laws of motion of objects moving at macroscopic low velocity, it is powerless when it leaves the condition of macroscopic low velocity.

Newton believed that time and space exist objectively, but at the same time, he also believed that time and space are separated from moving matter and have no necessary connection with each other, and then put forward the so-called concept of absolute time and absolute space. Newton was a long-time president of the Royal Society, and he also served as a member of the British Parliament, knighting him. He died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, a great honour.

Absolute space and absolute time.

A metaphysical materialist view of time and space.

Although it acknowledges the objectivity of space and time, it believes that space-time has nothing to do with the movement of matter, can exist independently of the movement of matter, and the specific characteristics of space-time are not affected by the movement of matter and are absolutely unchanging. The germ of a metaphysical view of absolute space-time appeared as early as ancient Greek philosophy. The ancient Greek philosopher Democritus believed that space is a "void" in which atoms move.

The concept of a "vacuum" without matter has also appeared in the history of science. These notions of space without matter also include the notion of time without matter, because "emptiness" and "vacuum" also experience the process of time passing. This view developed into the mid-16th century and was further theorized by Newton.

According to Newton, time is a pure continuity that passes absolutely uniformly, independent of the movement of matter; Space is the frame of absolute emptiness detached from matter, which can be filled with matter, but it itself is never changing.

Newton called his understanding of time and space "absolute time" and "absolute space". This metaphysical view of absolute time and space once dominated the history of human cognition until the beginning of the twentieth century. Modern natural science has proved that there is no absolute "void", and the "vacuum" in physics is not really empty, but there are special substances such as gravitational fields and electromagnetic fields.

In particular, the recognition of non-Euclidean geometry and the establishment of the theory of relativity profoundly revealed the dependence of the properties of time and space on the motion of matter, and the absolute view of time and space was denied as a mistake. Dialectical materialism holds that all material movements always have to go through time and occupy space, which is absolute and unchanging; However, the spatio-temporal characteristics of each concrete thing are relative and changeable, and it is determined and restricted by the characteristics of the movement of specific things. Insisting on the view that space-time and the movement of matter are inseparable not only overcomes the metaphysical view of space-time, but also enables materialism to carry out the problem of space-time to the end.

Resources.

Newton's and Einstein's view of time and space, one claims absolute and the other claims relative, who is right?

Einstein believed that because the simultaneity of time is relative to a certain frame of reference, it is all relative; And motion is closely linked to time, so motion is also relative, looking at the earth in isolation, its motion does not exist; Space and time are intimately linked, so there is no such thing as absolute space.

Absolute space-time corresponds to people's perception of space and time, and according to classical mechanics, the universe has a common time, which has nothing to do with the observer. For example, it is usually said that Beijing is 22 o'clock, London is 14 o'clock, and Washington is 9 o'clock, all of which refer to the same time (their different hours are caused by geographical time differences), that is, these three cities can be in the same time.

All events that occur at this moment in time are called simultaneous events, and this simultaneous event is absolute. It is precisely with this absoluteness that the whole world and even the universe will have a unified time. The same is true for space, for example, if a train runs from Shanghai to Beijing, there is a definite distance, whether it is an observer standing on the ground standing still, or an observer moving at high speed on a rocket, this distance is the same for them, and it is also absolute.

That is, time and space exist independently of objects and their movements.

Isaac Newton once said, "Absolutely true mathematical time, by its very nature, passes forever and evenly, independent of any external circumstance." Absolute space, by its very nature, is independent of anything external, it never moves, and it never changes. ”