What is the principle of an open cooling tower?

Cooling principle of open cooling towers. The cooling principle of the open cooling tower is to spray the circulating water onto the packing of the glass fiber by spraying, and then through the contact between the water and the air to achieve heat exchange, and then the fan drives the air flow in the tower to circulate and bring out the hot air flow after heat exchange with the water, so as to achieve the cooling effect. From the actual situation, we can find that the cooling method of the open cooling tower, even if the initial investment is relatively small, but the water and electricity consumption are relatively large, that is to say, the operating cost is very high.

The Atmospheric Cooling Tower does not have a duct, and the ventilation of the cooling tower depends on the natural wind, and the cooling tower is surrounded by a water filler. The cooling tower is a device that uses water as a circulating coolant to absorb heat from a system and discharge it into the atmosphere to reduce the water temperature. Its cooling is the use of water and air flow after contact with cold and heat exchange to produce steam, steam volatilization to take away heat to achieve evaporation heat dissipation, convection heat transfer and radiation heat transfer and other principles to dissipate the waste heat generated in industry or refrigeration and air conditioning to reduce the water temperature of the evaporation and heat dissipation device, in order to ensure the normal operation of the system, the device is generally barrel-shaped, so it is called cooling tower. The cooling tower is a comprehensive product integrating aerodynamics, thermodynamics, fluidics, chemistry, biochemistry, materials science, static and dynamic structural mechanics, processing technology and other disciplines.

Water quality is a function of multiple variables, and cooling is a multi-factor, multi-variable and multi-effect synthesis process. Purpose: Lowers the temperature of the water.

Disciplines involved. Thermodynamics, fluidics. Product principle; There must be a certain amount of surplus energy (20%-25%) in the circulating water system of the cooling tower, which is concentrated at a certain valve during operation, and this energy is lost in vain over time.

Externally mounted hydro turbines.

The key to how to achieve the efficiency of motor drive is: to understand the surplus energy in the design of the circulating water system of the cooling tower, and the impeller design of the turbine is also the key, and the composition of the surplus energy is mainly composed of the following six parts: the margin value that must be considered in the design of the circulating water system; utilization of potential energy of heat exchange equipment; the self-regulating capacity of the turbine; kinetic energy conversion efficiency of water-circulating systems; The energy consumed by the valve when the valve is not opened in place.

Low flow meets system requirements with a merge and re-triage approach. Energy-saving transformation of the old tower of the cooling tower, the cooling tower and the heat exchange equipment are driven by the water pump circulation, the external hydraulic turbine uses the return pressure energy to convert and drive the hydraulic turbine to drive the fan, generally according to the three cooling towers to do energy-saving transformation, the actual amount of the design flow is large and the actual consumption is about 60%, considering the change of production demand, the energy-saving transformation method is; The two towers are driven by the turbine, one tower is driven by the motor in the summer period, the new tower of the cooling tower is designed, and the work of the external turbine focuses on the return water pressure or return water flow to meet the functional force of the turbine to drive the fan as a functional force, and the law of conservation of energy.

How much return flow or pressure conversion = how much fan speed.

The speed of the external turbine increases or decreases according to the increase or decrease of the flow rate of the system, and the system has three external turbine cooling towers, and the three towers of the turbine outlet pipe are connected, and the flow rate is adjusted through the bypass valve and is easy to maintain. Schematic diagram of the operation of the three cooling towers. product structure; As the name suggests, the main equipment of the external hydraulic turbine cooling tower is the hydraulic turbine installed outside the cooling tower duct.

The main components of the external turbine are 304 stainless steel impeller, 316L stainless steel spindle, and the volute main engine is made of carbon steel. The guide impeller is an important component of energy conversion, and the circulating water generates swirl flow when passing through the guide impeller before entering the impeller, which further improves the energy conversion efficiency of the impeller. The foundation of the hydraulic turbine is 900*900, and the upper and lower two steel plates are adjustable with stud bolts (easy to maintain and repair).

Turbine weight.

Many riverside factories will use drinking water as cooling water, and then discharge it into the river after heat conduction, but some factories actually do not have this condition, they will use cooling towers, so how many people know how cooling towers work?

The cooling medium of the closed cooling tower is circulated in the closed circuit system, and there is no direct contact with the outside world, the cooling is realized by the way of heat exchange in the wall, the cooling medium of the open cooling tower is open, and it is in direct contact with the outside world, and the cooling is achieved by evaporating and absorbing heat through part of the circulating medium, and reducing the overall medium temperature. This is the essential difference.

An open cooling tower means that the medium is cooled directly. For example, your equipment needs to be cooled with water, and after the water flows through the equipment, it becomes hot water, and this hot water flows directly through the cooling tower to cool the tower.

Closed circuit cooling tower means, indirect cooling medium. For example, your equipment needs to be cooled with water, after the water flows through the equipment, it becomes hot water, and the hot water does not flow directly through the cooling tower, but flows through a closed equipment, which exists inside the cooling tower, and the cooling tower is connected to a water inlet pipe, which is cold water, and sprays it into the closed equipment with this cold water, and when the hot water flows through the closed equipment, it becomes cold water, and then recycles back to the equipment.

I hope it can help you, if you have anything else unclear, you can continue to consult me.

The open and closed type of the cooling tower refers to the way in which the cooling water is in direct contact with the air. Open cooling tower refers to a cooling tower in which the cooling water forms a water film or water droplets through packing, nozzles, etc., and is in direct contact with the air for heat exchange. Closed circuit cooling tower refers to a cooling tower in which the cooling water is isolated from the air for heat exchange by means such as shell-and-tube or plate heat exchanger.

In general, open cooling towers are more effective at cooling than closed cooling towers, but they are also more susceptible to water quality and environmental influences. Closed circuit cooling towers are less effective than open cooling towers, but they are also more able to ensure the safety of water quality and equipment.

The working principle of the open cooling tower is to use the heat exchange between water and air, so that a part of the water evaporates, taking away the heat in the water, thereby reducing the temperature of the water. Open cooling towers are characterized by:

The cooling effect is high because the contact area between water and air is large, the heat transfer coefficient is high, and the latent heat of evaporation is large.

Water loss is large because water evaporation, dispersion and sewage discharge consume water and require constant replenishment of new water.

Water quality can vary greatly because water concentration, pollution and biomass growth can affect water quality, requiring the continuous addition of chemicals and water treatment.

The environmental impact is large, because the contact between water and air will be affected by air temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and other factors, and the operating parameters need to be adjusted according to environmental changes.

The working principle of a closed cooling tower is to use the heat exchange between air and the heat exchanger, so that the water in the heat exchanger is isolated from the air, and the heat is transferred through the heat exchanger wall, thereby reducing the temperature of the water. Closed circuit cooling towers are characterized by:

The cooling effect is low because the contact area between the air and the heat exchanger is small, the heat transfer coefficient is low, and there is no latent heat of evaporation.

There is little water loss because the water is isolated from the air, there is no evaporation, drifting and sewage of the water, and there is no need to replenish new water.

The water quality changes little because the water is isolated from the air, there is no water concentration, pollution and biological growth, and there is no need to add chemicals and water treatment.

The environmental impact is small, because the contact between the air and the heat exchanger is not affected by air temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and other factors, and there is no need to adjust the operating parameters according to environmental changes.

The cooling principle of the open cooling tower is to spray the circulating water onto the packing of the glass fiber by spraying, and through the contact between the water and the air, the heat exchange is achieved, and then the fan drives the air flow in the tower to circulate and bring out the hot air flow after heat exchange with the water, so as to achieve cooling.

In this cooling method, the investment in the first phase is relatively small, but the operating cost is high (water consumption, electricity consumption).

2.The cooling principle of a closed circuit cooling tower is, in simple terms, two cycles: one internal and one external. There is no packing, and the main core part is a copper tube surface cooler.

Internal circulation: docking with the target equipment to form a closed circulation system (the circulating medium is soft water). Cooling is performed for the target equipment, and the heat from the target equipment is brought out to the chiller.

External circulation: In the cooling tower, the cooling tower itself is cooled. It is not in contact with the internal circulating water, but only through the copper tube surface cooler in the cooling tower for heat exchange and heat dissipation. In this cooling method, the operation of the motor is set according to the water temperature by automatic control.

Two cycles, in the case of high ambient temperatures in spring and summer, need to run both cycles at the same time. The ambient temperature in autumn and winter is not high, and in most cases only one internal cycle is required.

Hope it helps, hope.

How it works:

By spraying circulating water onto the fiberglass filler. The filler provides a larger contact surface for heat transfer through the contact between water and air. Then there is a fan to drive the air flow in the tower to circulate, and bring out the hot air flow after heat exchange with water, so as to achieve cooling.

The fill may consist of multiple, mainly vertical, wet-surface water propagation (fill) or lateral splash features creating many cascades of small water droplets with a large surface area (splash).

The air is drawn by circulating water cascade outside the heat pipes, providing an opening similar to evaporative cooling in a cooling tower. The heat flow in operation is heated from the internal fluid circuit, through the coil tube wall, through the outer circuit, and then by some evaporation of air and water, into the atmosphere.

The air in the counter-current cooling tower moves downward as it passes upwards through the fill or tube bundle. As the cross-flow cooling tower air moves horizontally through the fill, the water moves downward.

Extended Materials. Classification of cooling towers.

1. According to the ventilation mode, it is divided into: natural ventilation cooling tower; mechanically ventilated cooling towers; Hybrid Ventilation Cooling Towers.

2. According to the contact mode between water and air: wet cooling tower; dry cooling towers; Wet and dry cooling towers.

3. According to the flow direction of hot water and air: counter-flow cooling tower; cross-flow (direct AC) cooling towers; Mixed-flow cooling towers.

4. According to the application field: industrial cooling tower; Air-conditioned cooling towers.

5. According to the noise level: ordinary cooling tower; Low-noise cooling towers; Ultra-low noise cooling towers; Ultra-quiet cooling towers.

A cooling tower is a device that uses the principle of water evaporative heat absorption to dissipate waste heat generated in industry or refrigeration and air conditioning to ensure the operation of the system. It lowers the temperature of the cooling water, thereby improving the efficiency and longevity of the equipment. The basic working principle of a cooling tower is:

By spraying the circulating water onto the packing, through the contact between water and air, the heat exchange is achieved by returning to the buried, and then the air flow in the tower is driven by the fan to circulate and bring out the hot air flow after heat exchange with the water, so as to achieve cooling.

Cooling towers can be divided into open and closed according to the different ways of contact between water and air. The open cooling tower refers to the cooling tower in direct contact between the cooling water and the external air for heat exchange, which has the advantages of high cooling efficiency, simple structure and low cost, and the disadvantage is that the cooling water is easy to be polluted and needs frequent cleaning and maintenance. Closed cooling tower refers to the cooling tower in which the cooling water flows in the copper pipe or other metal pipes, and the external gas is in indirect contact for heat exchange.

Heat exchange with air.

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The principle is basically complete, and the principle is nothing more than that: through one or more other media and the medium that needs to be cooled, the heat is taken away from the medium that needs to be cooled, taking the water cooling tower as an example: the heat can be exchanged with the hot water through water or air at a lower temperature, and the heat can be taken away from the hot water.

The mechanism basically has: 1. Spray type strong air cooling, which is generally used for water cooling, that is, hot water (under pressure: hit to the nozzle through the water pump), (no pressure:

Use the natural drop of water) hot water to form a water mist or water belt, and then use a fan to press the air through the water mist belt to take away the heat of the hot water; 2. The oil cooler pressurizes the hot oil (generally a cooler is set on the oil circuit) through the serpentine tube, and the cooling water with pressure is added to the outside of the serpentine tube, and the cooling water takes away the heat in the hot oil.

In the process of operation, the cooling tower mainly uses water as its circulating coolant, which will absorb heat from a system and effectively discharge it into the atmosphere during operation, and the steam volatilization of the FRP cooling tower takes away the heat to reach the transpiration heat dissipation, and the whole equipment is convection heat transfer and radiation heat transfer and other principles to dissipate the industrial waste heat to reduce the water temperature of the transpiration heat dissipation equipment, so as to ensure the normal operation of the system.

Tengjia cooling tower structure:

How cooling towers work.

A cooling tower is a kind of equipment that uses the contact between water and air to dissipate waste heat generated in industry or refrigeration and air conditioning through evaporation. The basic principle of its operation is as follows: the dry (low enthalpy) air enters the cooling tower from the air inlet network after being pumped by the fan; The high-temperature water molecules with high partial pressure of saturated steam flow to the air with low pressure, and the moist heat (high enthalpy) water self-seeding system is sprinkled into the tower.

When the water droplets are in contact with the air, on the one hand, due to the direct heat transfer between the air and the water, on the other hand, due to the pressure difference between the water vapor surface and the air, the evaporation phenomenon occurs under the action of pressure, and the heat in the water is taken away, that is, the heat transfer is evaporated, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling.

Take the working process of a circular counterflow cooling tower as an example:

The hot water autonomous machine room presses the circulating water into the water sowing system of the cooling tower through the pipe, transverse throat, curved throat and central throat at a certain pressure through the water pump, and evenly spreads the water on the filler through the small hole in the water sowing pipe; The dry air with low Han value enters the tower from the bottom into the air network under the action of the fan, and the hot water flows through the surface of the packing to form a water film and air for heat exchange, and the hot air with high humidity and high Han value is pumped out from the top, and the cooling water drops into the bottom basin and flows into the main engine through the outlet pipe. Under normal circumstances, the air entering the tower is dry and low wet bulb temperature air, there is obviously a concentration difference and kinetic energy pressure difference between water and air, when the fan is running, under the action of static pressure in the tower, water molecules continue to evaporate into the air, becoming water vapor molecules, and the remaining water.