I would like to ask what is the relationship between the balance of payments and the domestic and in

The balance of payments refers to the fact that a country's net balance of payments, that is, the difference between net exports and net capital outflows, is zero, that is, the net balance of payments is equal to imports and exports minus net capital outflows. If the inflow of money is greater than the expenditure, the balance of payments is positive.

1. Maintaining a balance of payments means maintaining a balance in which a country's net exports equals net capital outflows. Balance of payments refers to the fact that a country's net balance of payments, i.e., the difference between net exports and net capital outflows, is zero. Namely:

Net balance of payments = net exports Net capital outflows; or bp=nx f.

2. Measure the payment of transactions from one country to all other countries over a specific period of time. If the inflow of its currency is greater than the outflow, the balance of payments is positive. These transactions arise under the current account, financial account or capital account.

The balance of payments is considered to be another economic indicator of a country's relevant value, including the balance, foreign investment and foreign investment.

A sustained and large balance of payments surplus can also have a negative impact on a country's economy, which is manifested in the following ways:

1. The sustained surplus will increase the foreign currency funds held by a country, or the situation of rushing to buy the national currency in the international financial market, which will inevitably lead to an increase in the demand for the national currency, due to the effect of the law of the market, the exchange rate of the national currency against the foreign currency will be the first to be unfavorable to the export of domestic commodities and have a negative impact on the growth of the domestic economy.

2. A persistent surplus will lead to increased inflationary pressure in a country. Because if there is a surplus in the international market, it means that a large number of domestic goods are used for export, which may lead to a shortage of goods in the domestic market and bring inflationary pressure.

3. In addition, the export company will exchange a large amount of foreign exchange for local currency to purchase export products, thereby increasing the amount of currency in the domestic market and bringing inflationary pressure. If there is a surplus in the capital account and a large amount of capital inflows, the country** will have to put its own currency to buy these foreign currencies, which will also increase the amount of money in circulation in the country and bring inflationary pressures.

4. A country's sustained surplus in the balance of payments is easy to cause international friction and is not conducive to the development of international economic relations, because a surplus in a country's balance of payments means that some other countries in the world have a deficit in the balance of payments because of their surpluses, thus affecting the economic development of these countries.

5. For example, the friction between Europe, the United States and Japan, which has intensified since the 80s of the 20th century, is due to the asymmetry in the balance of payments between the European Community countries, the United States and Japan.

Because the income and expenditure are not necessarily balanced.

The last item on the balance of payments is net errors and missing items. Within a reasonable range, if the digging delay is unevenly balanced, use this item to balance. Since the balance of payments is not perfectly balanced in most cases, there is a deficit when the total expenditure is greater than the income, and vice versa, there is a surplus.

Theoretically, the total value of all transactions should be exactly equal to the value of all payments. That is, the balance of payments is theoretically balanced, but in reality, there will be statistical errors. So the balance of payments will be unbalanced.

The balance of payments is a statement that represents the balance of payments according to the principle of specific account classification and double-entry bookkeeping, or a country that systematically records all foreign economic transactions and amounts for a certain period of time.

1. What is the balance of payments

Through the balance of payments, it can comprehensively reflect the balance of payments of a country, the structure of the balance of payments and the increase or decrease of reserve assets, provide a basis for formulating foreign economic policies, analyzing the basic economic factors affecting the balance of payments, and taking corresponding regulation and control measures, and provide basic information for the relevant foreign parts of other accounting tables.

2. How the balance of payments is booked

All items that give rise to foreign exchange earnings in the country are credited and denoted as "+" which can be omitted); Items that incur foreign exchange expenditures in the country are debited and denoted as "-".

** Exchanges, that is, the import and export of various material goods. Exports are listed as credit amounts and imports are listed as debit amounts.

Non-** transactions, mainly including labor income and expenditure, investment income, etc. Revenues are shown as credit amounts and expenses are listed as debit amounts.

Free Transfer. Transfers from foreign countries to home countries are listed as credit amounts, and transfers from home to foreign countries are listed as debit amounts.

Capital exchanges, divided into long-term and short-term grinding dies. Capital flowing into the home country from abroad is shown as a credit amount, and capital flowing from the home country to a foreign country is shown as a debit amount.

Reserve. This includes the allocation of special drawing rights (SDRs) to the country as a member of the International Monetary Organization, as well as the allocation of international reserves** and foreign exchange. The reserve itself is the stock, and its increase or decrease is the flow.

The increase in reserves for the current year is shown as a debit amount and the decrease is shown as a deferred amount, and the net increase or decrease in reserves is offset by the two.

3. Double-entry bookkeeping principles for the balance of payments

Any transaction requires both debit and credit records; All items of income or items of increased liabilities and decreased assets are credited; All items of expenditure or items of goods with an increase in assets and a decrease in liabilities are debited; The amount of the loan is equal to that of both parties.

If the transaction is a one-way transfer, and there is only one party to the billed items, which cannot be automatically matched into pairs, a special item must be used to meet the requirements of double-entry billing.

1.When there is a surplus in the balance of payments, an expansionary monetary policy is adopted to achieve a balance between international revenue and expenditure, because the functions of expansionary monetary policy are as follows:

On the one hand, domestic demand has expanded, import demand has increased, and the current account surplus has decreased.

On the other hand, interest rates are lowered, which increases capital outflows and decreases inflows, and the balance of capital and financial accounts decreases, thereby reducing the balance of payments (capital and financial account + current account).

2.In Mundell's policy collocation, he proposed to use "monetary policy" to adjust the balance of payments surplus (in fact, the deficit is also), because monetary policy has a greater impact on the external equilibrium, while fiscal policy has a greater impact on the internal equilibrium, which is the application of the optimal allocation principle.

3.The balance of payments surplus or balance of payments surplus refers to a country's income in the balance of payments is greater than the outflow, and the balance of payments is generally settled in US dollars, this settlement is carried out between banks, but the US dollars in other countries except the United States can not be directly circulated, China's central bank will have a surplus of US dollars in reserve, and issue about 3 times the reserves (China is like this) of the domestic chain of money, in order to maintain the balance of currency circulation. The more surpluses, the more foreign exchange reserves will grow.

3 What is the relationship between the items in the balance of payments?

A: The balance of payments statement consists of three major items, one is the current account, the second is the capital and financial account, and the third is the error and omission items. Current account refers to goods, services, income and current transfers; Capital and financial accounts refer to capital transfers, transactions of non-production, non-financial assets, and all other financial accounts that cause changes in an economy's external assets and liabilities; Errors and omissions are items that are artificially set to balance the debits and credits of the balance of payments.

First, according to the principle of double-entry bookkeeping, the debit and credit must eventually be equal, so that a deficit or surplus in either of the current account and the capital and financial account will inevitably be accompanied by a surplus or deficit in the other. Second, there is a financing relationship between the current account and the capital and the financial account, and the flow of actual resources in the current account and the flow of asset ownership in the capital and financial projects are two sides of the same coin, but with the development of international financial integration, this financing relationship is gradually weakening, and the capital and the current account are no longer passively subordinate to the current account, but have their own independent laws of movement. Errors and omissions are based on the imbalance between the current account and the capital in the financial account, and if the sum of the first two items is a debit difference, then it is credited with the same amount and vice versa.

Total balance of payments = current account balance + capital and financial account balance + net errors and omissions Total balance of payments + change in reserve assets = 0

Difference = credit figure for item minus debit figure.

There is one on the encyclopedia. I'm here to review knowledge.

(1) Balance of payments in the narrow sense. The balance of payments in the narrow sense refers to the sum of foreign exchange receipts and expenditures incurred by a country in economic, political and cultural exchanges with other countries within a certain period of time (usually one year).

The balance of payments in the narrow sense has two characteristics:

Clause. 1. It is the sum of foreign exchange receipts and expenditures in a certain period of time, which is based on cash transactions and does not include transactions without foreign exchange receipts and payments;

Secondly, it is the difference between the various payments due that must be settled immediately with other countries, and it includes only those portions of the various income and expenditure that must be settled and paid immediately, and excludes the part of international ** and international loans that are not yet due and do not need to be settled in cash.

2) Balance of payments in a broad sense. The balance of payments in a broad sense refers to the systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and other countries in a certain period of time, which includes not only the receipts and expenditures of goods, labor services and capital items, but also the receipts and expenditures of overseas military expenditures, war reparations, economic aid and military aid, and scientific, technological, cultural and educational transactions. Connotation of Balance of Payments in a Broad Sense:

The balance of payments reflects transactions between residents and non-residents; The balance of payments is a concept of flow; All economic exchanges between a country or region and other countries or regions, whether paid or gratuitous, whether adapted to domestic currency or foreign currency, and whether in physical form or monetary form, should be included in the scope of the balance of payments.

Balance of Payments: The balance of payments statement is a statistical report that systematically records the international economic transactions and their amounts that occur in a country in a certain period of time, which comprehensively reflects the specific composition and overall picture of a country's balance of payments. The balance of payments uses a double-entry method of accounting and includes:

Current account, capital account, balance account.