What about the electric field of a conductor in high school physical electrostatic equilibrium?

1.Is there an electric field inside the conductor itself? Originally, there was no electric field, but later the static electricity generated by the induction of an external electric field generated an additional electric field. In the third diagram in the textbook, the direction of the additional electric field is horizontally to the left. With e'Denote.

2. There must be an electric field for the directional movement of the charge inside the conductor, if the electric field is 0, the charge can no longer move directionally. It turns out that under the action of the external electric field e0, the positive charge should move to the right. As long as there is an electric field in the conductor to the right, the positive charge will keep moving to the right.

This gives rise to the additional electric field e mentioned above',r'and e0 are in the opposite direction. The result of the superposition is a weakening of the electric field inside the conductor. As long as the combined field strength is not 0, the charge will move directionally constantly.

e'It will continue to increase. When e'=e0, the combined field strength inside the conductor is 0, and the charge can no longer move directionally. This is electrostatic equilibrium.

3. If the external electric field is a uniform electric field e0 and the conductor rotates as shown in the figure, the additional electric field generated inside the conductor must be a uniform electric field e', and in the opposite direction to the added e0, wait for e'When increased to equal to e0, the two balance each other, so that the combined field strength of the conductor is 0When the final field strength is 0, there is no electric field, and there is no longer a uniform electric field.

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1. There is no electric field inside the conductor itself, because there is an external electric field, which causes an induced electric field inside the conductor.

2. Under electrostatic conditions, there is no electric field inside the conductor When the conductor is placed in an electric field, the charge in the conductor is redistributed, forming an electric field to cancel out the external electric field, resulting in a total electric field of 0 in the final conductor. However, as soon as the conductor is removed from the electric field, the charge in the conductor will revert to its distribution in the absence of an electric field. In short, the charge in the conductor is redistributed according to the electric field outside the conductor, resulting in no electric field inside the conductor at all times.

The induced electric field is in the opposite direction to the original electric field, and as the external field strength increases, the induced field strength also increases until the two are equal, that is, the internal electric field of the conductor is 0.

3. At that time, the internal conductor is already in a state of electrostatic equilibrium, the internal electric field is 0, and the external charge has been canceled out by the internal charge. It's a bit messy, can you understand it?

The so-called conductor means that if there is a potential difference at any two points at both ends of the conductor, then there will be a current, then the charge will always be redistributed, and the new electric field generated by this new distribution must weaken the original electric field (inside the conductor is free electrons as the carrier of current, if the direction of the original electric field is to the left, the free electrons will move to the right, and after moving to the right, the electric field strength generated by this electron in the original position is opposite to the original electric field, so the superposition of the two power plants will weaken the electric field inside the conductor, The electric field inside the conductor refers to the electric field after the superposition of the original electric field and the induced electric field (the electric field generated by the induced charge) is superimposed) Then as long as the electric field strength inside the conductor is not 0, there will always be a current, and the free electrons will always be redistributed, and the redistribution of the charge in each time microelement will weaken the original electric field, so unless the electric field strength inside the conductor is 0 everywhere, the electrostatic equilibrium cannot be established (because of the presence of current).

Before the establishment of the electrostatic equilibrium, there is no electric field strength inside the conductor, and before it is established, in the special case of your textbook, the electric field generated by the superposition of the original electric field and the induced charge (also a uniform electric field, which strictly proves that I used the differential form of Ohm's law, that is, the current density inside the conductor is equal at any position at any time, provided that the edge effect is ignored).

The meaning of 0 is that the original field strength and the induced electric field strength are canceled out by the internal strength of the conductor.

Before the rebalance is established, it is indeed uniform, and after the balance is established, it is 0.

By the way, a field strength of 0 inside a conductor means that if a tentative charge is moved arbitrarily inside the conductor, the electric field force will not do work on him, so any conductor is an equipotential body.

The conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium.

The phenomenon of zero internal field strength everywhere in the state is explained as follows: the conductor is in an external electric field, and under the action of the external electric field e, the free electrons in the conductor are present.

Subjected to the force of an electric field.

will move in the opposite direction of the electric field, resulting in an induced electric field E attached to the induced charge

0 is the opposite of the external electric field e, e

0 hinders the directional movement of free electrons in a conductor. As long as e>e0, the electrons will still move in orientation until e=e

0, the free charge in the conductor will stop moving directionally; At this time, e=e0, and the direction is opposite, that is, the combined field strength is zero, and there is no directional movement of charge, that is, the electrostatic equilibrium state is reached. However, it is worth noting that the electrostatic equilibrium only stops the directional movement on a macroscopic scale, and the charge inside the conductor is still doing irregular thermal motion, but the charge is only distributed on the surface of the conductor during the electrostatic equilibrium, and the surface is equipotential and the internal electric field strength.

is stable to zero.

In the electrostatic equilibrium state, the electric field strength will be zero throughout the conductor and on the surface, and the electric field strength in the area near the conductor surface will be e= not zero.

In electrostatic equilibrium, if it is an independent charged conductor, the reciprocal repulsion between the same kind of charges makes the charges move the farthest away from each other, of course, only the outer surface;

If it is a conductor placed in an electric field, the free electrons in the conductor move in the direction of the electric field force under the action of the electric field force to a place where they can no longer move, and the other end has an equal amount of dissimilar charge, which is also on the outer surface of the conductor.

The above is judged from the point of view of the force motion of the charge, and it can also be thought of like this:

If there is still a net charge inside the conductor, the internal field strength of the conductor is not zero everywhere, and the net charge is still subject to the electric field force to continue to move directionally, and the conductor has not yet reached the electrostatic equilibrium state, so the net charge of the conductor that has reached the electrostatic equilibrium state is only distributed on the outer surface.

The electrostatic equilibrium state of the conductor is called the electrostatic equilibrium state of the conductor when the strength of the electric field inside the conductor in the electrostatic field is zero and all charged particles stop moving directionally. Characteristics of the electric field, electric potential and charge distribution of a conductor when it is in electrostatic equilibrium:

1. There is no net charge inside the conductor, and the positive and negative net charges are only distributed on the outer surface of the conductor.

2. There is no field strength inside the conductor, and the surface field strength is perpendicular to the surface and satisfies e

3. On the surface of the conductor, the sharper the place, the greater the density of the charge (the amount of charge per unit area), and there is almost no charge in the concave position. This is called the tip discharge phenomenon.

When the conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium.

1. The electric field generated by the induced charge inside the conductor is in the opposite direction to the external electric field, and the combined electric field is 0

2. The conductor is an equipotential body, and the surface of the conductor is an equipotential surface.

3. The charge is distributed on the outer surface of the conductor, and there is no net charge inside the conductor.

The state of electrostatic equilibrium is the state in which the guide body is in the state without any electric charge making any macroscopic motion.

If the electric field strength inside the conductor is not 0, there will be a macroscopic movement of the charge by the electric field, and the electrostatic equilibrium condition will not be satisfied, so the electric field strength inside the conductor needs to be 0 everywhere

The electric field strength is equal to the negative value of the electric potential gradient, which simply reflects the spatial change of the electric potential, and the electric field strength inside the conductor is 0 everywhere, which means that the electric potential has not changed, that is, the conductor is an equipotential body.

Hope this explanation helps you :)

When conductor A is in electrostatic equilibrium in the electric field of charge q, at any point inside the conductor, the field strength of the additional electric field generated by the induced charge is equal to the field strength and magnitude generated by charge q, and the direction is opposite, and the internal field strength of the conductor is 0 a, b: in the electrostatic equilibrium state, the field strength of the additional electric field and the field strength generated by charge q are equal to the magnitude, and the direction is opposite, and the combined field strength is 0, so a is wrong, b is wrong; c: From the above analysis, it can be seen that the combined field strength of the additional electric field generated by the induced charge and the field strength generated by the charge q is 0, so c is correct; d：

At any point inside the conductor, the field strength of the additional electric field generated by the induced charge is equal to the magnitude of the field generated by the charge q, and the direction is opposite; It can also be said that the field strength generated by the charge q is small and equal to the field strength generated by the induced charge, and the direction is opposite

Electrostatic shielding, the combined field strength is zero.

A conductor in electrostatic equilibrium, the charges in it are in equilibrium and no longer move freely.

Now suppose there is an electric charge inside, as you said, a point charge, then it will generate an electric field, and this electric field will break the equilibrium state of the charge that is already in force equilibrium, and the free charge will move, contradicting the conditions of electrostatic equilibrium. Here is a detailed explanation in the textbook.

As you said, there is a premise for the superposition of three electric fields, that is, the conductor in electrostatic equilibrium, the other two electric fields (that is, excluding the point charge electric field) are in equilibrium, if you add another electric field, it will inevitably destroy this equilibrium, and the balance destruction is not electrostatic equilibrium. What is the result of this upset balance? It is to re-establish an equilibrium, at which point it is impossible for this charge to still exist inside the conductor, otherwise it is impossible to achieve equilibrium.

If it is free, then it has to run to the outside and then reach equilibrium under the action of an external electric field. The amount of electricity charged by each charge is the same, and the force on it depends on the magnitude of the electric field.

So as you said, the three-legged situation cannot occur. This is because you don't notice the prerequisite that the whole conductor is in equilibrium before this new electric field is added.

Hope it solves your problem.

Because when the conductor reaches electrostatic equilibrium, the charge is all distributed on the surface of the conductor, and the reason is that the same charge repels each other. So there is no charge inside the conductor, only on the surface of the conductor. The second question refers to the electric field of **.

The internal electric field of the conductor is not zero, and the external electric field is zero, which can be referred to Gauss's theorem. (The electric field on any surface is independent of the magnitude of the charge surrounding it, not the electric field outside it).

When the conductor reaches electrostatic equilibrium, the conductor's charge is all distributed on the surface of the conductor. What is the external electric field? Or is it an electric field in a conductor?

For the electric field inside the conductor to be zero, there must be no net charge inside the conductor.

If there is a net charge, there is an electric field in the local area, which is not a state of electrostatic equilibrium, and the charge "gathers" with the opposite charge along the conductor itself, and then it reaches equilibrium. Equilibrium is when there is no net charge inside.

Note that there is no charge, there is no net charge, and when the electrostatic equilibrium is reached, the positive and negative charges are mixed evenly everywhere, that is, there is no net charge. The net charge appears, that is, the positive and negative charges are mixed unevenly, and the homogeneous charge "gathers", and the accumulation will produce a local electric field.

Electrification. Conductor.

Eventually, electrostatic equilibrium is reached.

When it is electrified, the electrons will still move directionally to achieve the electrostatic balance!

A conductor in electrostatic equilibrium has the following characteristics (and conditions):

1. Internal field strength.

Zero everywhere. 2. At this time, the conductor is an equipotential body, and the surface of the conductor is an equipotential surface.

3. The direction of the field strength near the conductor surface is perpendicular to the conductor surface.

4. The conductor charge is distributed on the surface of the conductor, and it is related to the shape of the conductor surface, and the sharper the surface ruler, the greater the charge density.

The so-called charge density is the amount of charge per unit area.

5. There is no directional movement of electrons in the side transport.

First, a uniform electric field is given, and its electric field strength is given.

is e0Then we put in a conductor that is not charged with an electric Zen wheel.

Then because the electric potential at both ends of the conductor is not the same, it will cause the movement of its internal charge, positive charge.

Moving towards a low potential, the negative charge moves towards a high potential.

The original electrostatic balance.

When it is broken and a new equilibrium is reached, the charges at both ends of the conductor form an additional electric field e'.

After equilibrium, this e' = e0 and the direction is reversed.

If it is not equal, then it is equivalent to the existence of an external electric field, and the charge will still move, and it will not reach equilibrium, which contradicts the premise.

At this time, the electric field inside the whole conductor is formed by the superposition of the external electric field e0 and the additional electric field e', and its sum is 0

The electric potential of the surface is equal, but not 0

It is worth noting that due to the electrostatic depletion induction, the conductor is electrified, then its electric field is superimposed with the uniform electric field, and the electric field of the whole space is no longer uniform and needs to be recalculated.

The field strength outside the conductor near its surface is perpendicular to the surface at every turn.