How can I prevent measles and what are the main measures to prevent measles?

The main prevention of measles is:

Strengthen physical exercise and improve disease resistance.

Isolate the patient. Measles is highly contagious, and during the epidemic, the medical and epidemic prevention department should organize medical staff to conduct regular home visits to patients, so that "patients do not go out, medicine is delivered to the door" until 5 days after the rash appears. Nursery schools and kindergartens should set up temporary isolation rooms to isolate patients.

Contacts should be quarantined for 2 to 3 weeks; If you are asymptomatic, you can return to work. The room where the measles patient has stayed should be ventilated by opening doors and windows for 20-30 minutes. Health care workers should remove their outer clothes and wash their hands after touching a sick person, or wait 20 minutes outdoors before approaching a susceptible person.

During measles epidemics, try to reduce the chance of infection and transmission by taking your child to public places (especially hospitals) as little as possible.

Pay attention to personal and environmental hygiene, do not be picky about food, and drink plenty of boiled water.

Autoimmunization: All people who have not had measles for more than 8 months should receive live attenuated measles vaccine. Immunity can be developed about 12 days after vaccination, and even if you get sick, the disease is mild.

Passive immunization: During measles epidemics, intramuscular gamma globulin or placental globulin may prevent or alleviate illness in young, frail and susceptible people who have not been vaccinated within 5 days of contact with a sick person.

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The best measure of action is to get the measles vaccine.

1) Immunization:

Passive immunization: gamma globulin and placental globulin can prevent measles in the short term, and early contact injection can prevent morbidity. Injections of gamma globulin in human blood within 5 days of exposure to a patient can prevent morbidity and reduce symptoms after 6 days.

Immunization is valid for 3-8 weeks. Due to the success of autoimmunization and the avoidance of the spread of blood-based diseases, the use of passive immunization has been greatly reduced.

Autoimmunization: The measles vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine. In China, the measles immunization strategy is set at the beginning of 8 months and the revaccination at 7 years old. Immunosuppressed and pregnant women are contraindications to the vaccine.

2) Management of patients and contacts: early detection, early diagnosis, early reporting, early isolation, and early ** of patients, and isolation until 5 days after the rash appears. Contacts should be vaccinated with live measles vaccine or C-ball in a timely manner, under medical observation, and isolated if necessary, with a quarantine period of 21 days.

1. Manage the source of infection.

2. Cut off the route of transmission.

3. Protect susceptible populations.

1.Management of infectious source sensitive burning: patients should be closely isolated, and contacts should be isolated and quarantined for 3 weeks; During the epidemic period, nursery schools, kindergartens and other children's institutions should suspend the pick-up and drop-off and admission of susceptible children.

2.Cut off the transmission route: pay attention to ventilation in the ward, and make full use of sunlight or ultraviolet radiation; Medical staff should wash their hands, change their outer clothes, or stay in a well-ventilated area for 20 minutes before coming into contact with susceptible people.

3.Protecting the susceptible population:

1 Active immunization: The use of live measles vaccine is the most effective and fundamental way to prevent measles. It can be injected subcutaneously in children over 8 months old or susceptible people who have not had measles 1 month before the epidemic, and antibodies can be produced after 12 days, reaching a peak in 1 month, and gradually declining in 2 6 months, but a certain level can be maintained, immunity can last for 4 6 years, and strong reactions can last for more than 10 years; Replanting is still needed in the future.

Because the incubation period after vaccination is shorter than that for natural infection (3 11 days, most 5 8 days), susceptible people can still prevent measles if they receive a live vaccine 2 days after exposure, but the prevention effect is reduced if they are given 2 days after exposure. However, it may reduce symptoms and complications. For those who have received blood transfusions, blood products or other passive immune preparations within 8 weeks, vaccination should be postponed because it affects the efficacy of the vaccine.

Patients with fever and infectious diseases should postpone vaccination. Vaccination should be contraindicated for pregnant women, allergic constitution, immunocompromised people, and active tuberculosis. Measles vaccination is now given as an initial dose at 8 months of age and a booster dose at 6 years of age.

In some provinces, the vaccine is re-vaccinated from 18 months to 24 months. The additional dose is:

2 Passive immunization: Frail, sick, and young susceptible infants with a history of close contact should be used for passive immunization. Intramuscular gamma globulin, placental globulin, injection within 5 days after exposure can prevent morbidity, injection within 6 to 9 days can reduce symptoms, immunization validity period of 3 weeks.

Prevention of measles should be started from the following aspects:

Measles vaccination is a key measure to prevent measles, so it is important to get vaccinated in a timely manner according to the immunization schedule. If a measles patient is found, the outbreak should be reported immediately and the measles patient should be isolated. Susceptible persons who come into contact with the patient should be quarantined for 3 weeks and given autoimmune or passive immunization as appropriate, and those who receive immunization preparations should be extended to 4 weeks.

During the measles epidemic, it should be vigorously publicized that patients should not go out, medicine should be delivered to the door, susceptible children should not visit the door, collective institutions should strengthen morning inspections, and suspicious people should be isolated for observation.

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