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Learn three rules. The Book of Rites

The jade is not cut, and it is not made; People don't learn, they don't know. It is the king of the ancient times who founded the country and the people, and teaching (referring to education) is the first.

Although there are delicacies, the Buddha food does not know its purpose; Although there is a supreme way, Buddhism does not know its goodness. It is to learn and then know the insufficiency, and teach and then know the difficulty. know the insufficiency, and then be able to self-reflective; Know the difficulty, and then be able to improve yourself. Therefore, it is said that teaching and learning are also mutually beneficial.

The law of the university is forbidden to be said to be undeveloped, when it can be said, it is said that it is not a mausoleum, and it is said to be a grandson, and it is said to be good and good. These four are also the reason for teaching. If it is sent and then banned, it will be invincible; After time and then learn, it is hard and difficult to achieve; Miscellaneous but not grandchildren, then bad and chaotic but not repaired; If you learn alone and have no friends, you will be lonely and unheard; Yan Peng rebelled against his teacher; Yan discarded his learning.

These six are also abolished for the sake of teaching.

Scholars have four mistakes, and those who teach must know them. People's learning is also more, or if they are lost, they will be few, or if they are lost, they will be easy, or if they are lost, they will stop. These four are incompatible. Know their hearts, and then they can save their losses. Those who teach, those who are good and save their losses.

Translation: Jade cannot be a fine object without being carved. If a person does not learn, he cannot understand the Way. Therefore, the ancient emperors ruled the country and the people, and regarded education as their primary task.

Although there is delicious meat, do not eat it does not know its deliciousness. Although there is an excellent truth, do not learn not to know its benefits. Therefore, only after learning can I know my own shortcomings, and only after teaching others will I know my confusion.

know your own shortcomings, and then you can come back and be strict with yourself; Know your confusion before you can encourage yourself to study tirelessly. So teaching and learning are mutually reinforcing.

The method of university education is: to prevent problems before they occur, which is called prevention; Teaching at the right time is called the right time; Teaching without going beyond the limits of the student's receptivity is called conformity; Allowing students to observe and learn from each other is called learning. These four points are the reasons for the success of education.

If you prohibit it after it has happened, it will encounter resistance and it will not be easy to overcome; If you miss the opportunity to learn, you will be diligent but difficult to achieve; If you teach in a chaotic and disorderly manner, you will fall into a chaotic situation and it will be difficult to clean up. If you study alone and don't learn from your friends, you will be lonely. If you make friends with bad morals, you will disobey the teacher's teachings; Despised and deplorable words and deeds will ruin your studies. These six points are the reasons for the failure of education.

There are four shortcomings of a learner, and the teacher must know it. When people are studying, either the disadvantage is that they learn too much, or the disadvantage is that they learn too little, or the disadvantage is that they see learning too easily, or the disadvantage is that they stop moving forward when they encounter difficulties. These four shortcomings are due to the different psychology of the people who learn.

Knowing what they think, then we can (targetedly) remedy their mistakes. To be a teacher is to develop their strengths and remedy their faults.

Even though a delicacy exists, people eat it without knowing its essence. Even if there is the noblest virtue, people do not know what is most precious about it after learning it. Therefore, after studying, you know your mistakes, and after comparison, you know your shortcomings.

Knowing the mistakes, you can correct yourself later; Knowing your own shortcomings will enable you to make yourself better in the future. Therefore, teaching and learning complement each other.

The original text and translation of the Book of Rites and Learnings are as follows:

The original text of the Book of Rites:

Thinking about kindness and seeking kindness is enough to write words, not enough to move the public. The virtuous body is far away, enough to move the people, but not enough to turn the people. If a gentleman wants to turn the people into customs, he must learn from them.

The jade is not cut, and it is not made; People don't learn, they don't know. It is the king of the ancient world, who founded the country and the people, and teaching first. "Redeeming life" said: "Reading the end of the canon is learning", which is what it means!

Translation of the Book of Rites

Foresight and looking for good people can win some good reputation, but they can't stir up the people. If Corporal Lixian is close to people who are alienated from him, he can agitate the people, but he cannot influence and educate the people. If we want to influence and educate the people and develop good customs and habits, we must do so through school education.

Although jade is beautiful, it cannot be made into exquisite jade without carving; If a person is gifted but does not learn, he cannot understand the Way. Therefore, ancient kings built the country and ruled the people, and they all regarded education as their primary task. "Shangshu" "Redemption of Life" said:

People should always remember to be education-oriented", that's what it means!

Introduction to the Book of Rites:

Xueji is an education article in ancient China, one of the monographs on ancient Chinese rules and regulations "The Book of Rites" and "The Book of Xiao Dai Li", and it is the earliest treatise on education and teaching in China and the world.

The text is concise and vivid, systematically and comprehensively expounding the role, purpose and task of education, the system, principles and methods of education and teaching, the status and role of teachers, the relationship between teachers and students in the process of education, and the relationship between students.

To be honest in your thoughts means not to be deceived. To hate the smell of rancidity, to love good looks as much as you love good looks, that is to say, you are not sorry. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious about living alone.

The villain lives alone, does bad things, and has nothing that cannot be done; When he saw the gentleman, he hid and covered up the bad and showed the good. In fact, people look at him just like they see through his lungs and liver, so what good is it to hide and cover up? That is to say, what is real inside will inevitably behave on the outside.

So a gentleman must be very cautious when he lives alone.

The words of the Son are like the translation of the Master:

Youzi asked Zeng Zidao: "Did Mr. Xiang (Confucius) ask about the loss of his official position?" "(Zengzi) said

What I heard him say was: 'I hope that after losing office, I will be poor as soon as possible, and I hope that I will rot quickly after death'. "Youzi said:

This is not what a gentleman said. Zeng Tzu said, "I heard it from my husband (Confucius)."

Youzi said, "This is not what a gentleman said. "(Zengzi) said

I heard this with Ziyou. He said, "Indeed."

But there must be a reason why the gentleman said that. Zeng Zi told Ziyou this. Sub lobbied:

Youzi speaks like a gentleman! At that time, Mr. lived in the Song Kingdom, and saw Huan Sima making a stone coffin for himself, which had not been completed for three years. Mr. said:

It's better to die and rot as quickly as possible. 'I hope that (people) will rot as soon as they die, which is addressed to Huan Sima. Uncle Nangong Jing (who had lost his official position and left the state of Lu) returned to China and must bring treasures to the king.

The gentleman said, 'It is better to treat money (bribery) like this, and lose your official position (later) than to get poor as soon as possible.' 'I hope that I will be poor quickly after losing my official position, which is aimed at Uncle Jing.

Zengzi told Youzi what Ziyou said. Youzi said, "Yes."

Didn't I say what I said if I wasn't a gentleman? Zengzi said, "How do you know?"

Youzi said: "The etiquette formulated by Mr. for Zhongdu includes: the coffin (board) is four inches, and the coffin (board) is five inches.

Based on this, I know that (sir) does not want to decay quickly (after death). In the past, when Mr. lost his official position as the Sikou of the Lu State, he planned to go to the Chu State, so he first asked Zixia to go (to inquire), and then asked Ran You to declare (his own thoughts). Based on this, I know that (Mr.) does not want to be impoverished quickly (after losing his official position).

Zhan Yu Lang Translation:

Although the people are very hard to be forced to serve, and the burden is very heavy on them due to taxation, a gentleman cannot plan for the country, and a scholar cannot dedicate himself to the country. So he and the neighboring boy Wang went to the battlefield to fight, and both of them were killed. The people of Lu didn't want to use the child's funeral to hold a funeral for Wang, so they asked Confucius for advice.

Confucius said: "Isn't it reasonable that they can pick up the ** to defend the country and bury them without the funeral of their children?" ”

Harsh government is fiercer than a tiger.

Confucius passed by Mount Tai and saw a woman crying very sadly in front of the grave. Confucius stood up and leaned against the beam, and asked Zilu to go and ask the woman. Zilu asked

You're crying so sadly, as if something sad is there, right? The woman said, "Yes, my father-in-law was killed by a tiger, then my husband was killed by a tiger, and now my son is also killed by a tiger!"

There are no draconian and onerous taxes. Confucius said, "Students, remember that harsh and onerous taxes are more fierce and terrible than tigers!" ”

1. [Original text].

A good scholar is a good scholar who learns twice the effort, and thus becomes mediocre. is not a good scholar, the teacher is diligent and half-done, and then complains about it. Those who are good at asking questions are like tackling tough trees, the first to change, then their programs, and their long time, to explain each other.

Those who are not good at asking are the opposite. Treat the questioner as if hitting the bell, knock it to the small one, knock it to the big one, and knock it to the big one, to let it calm down, and then do its best. Those who are not good at answering questions check otherwise.

This is the way to go to school.

2. [Translation].

People who are good at learning have little effort on their part, but they have received great results on their own, thanks to the teacher's good teaching. People who are not good at learning have a reputation, and the teacher has a lot of effort, but his own gain is very small, and the students will complain about the teacher because of this. People who are good at asking questions are like working with hard wood, starting with the easy to deal with the places, and then the knots and textures are not smooth, and after a long time, the problem will be solved happily.

People who are not good at asking questions are the opposite. A teacher who is good at asking questions is like striking a bell, striking lightly will make the bell sound smaller, and striking hard will make the bell louder, and when the bell rings, let it sound to finish. Teachers who are not good at asking questions are the opposite.

These are all ways to advance learning.