What is the birthplace of the Heaven and Earth Society???

Initially, it spread mainly in Fujian, eastern Guangdong and Taiwan, and later spread to the whole province of Guangdong and the provinces of Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Hunan. After the Opium War, it spread to Chongqing, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, becoming the largest secret society in southern China. Founded in Fujian, the Tiandihui advocated the anti-Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty, and the Tiandihui was Hongmen, which was originally only born from a civil secret society in Fujian.

Later, it developed to Taiwan, Liangguang, Jiangxi, Yunnan-Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces, and was brought overseas by Hongmen members among overseas Chinese. Hongmen Tiandi Club was founded in Gaoxi, Yunxiao, Fujian.

Don't forget to be grateful!

The country established by the Heaven and Earth Society was in the South Seas of Borneo (now known as Kalimantan).

Under the suppression of the Qing court, some of the Tiandihui rudder, under the influence of the foreign gold rush at that time, went overseas, and Luo Fangbo was one of them.

In fact, Luo Fangbo did not plan to establish a country at that time, but just wanted to lead his brothers to find another way out. When he came to Borneo, Luo Fangbo founded his own company with the talent of Guangzhou people in business, and made his power big from a small age.

As time went on, they amassed more and more wealth, and at that time, Borneo was entrenched in a complex array of powers, and their wealth was also watched by local pirates.

Luo Fangbo, who has been in the Heaven and Earth Society for many years, knows that he will definitely not be able to deal with pirates on his own. In 1771, he used his wealth to unite the local Han people, and after repelling pirates, he established his own state, the "Republic of Lanfang", in Borneo.

Perdition:

In the 19th century, with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, the Netherlands became a maritime power, it burned and plundered the land everywhere, and the two countries were attacked by Dutch artillery, although they resisted desperately, but they could not escape the fate of becoming colonies. At the same time, it announced the end of the Republic of Lanfang, which had ruled for more than 100 years.

In the process of continuous development for more than 100 years, the local people have already formed their own culture and language, and to this day, they still speak Chinese and Hakka.

In the land of Borneo, the Chinese civilization has long been deeply imprinted.

Heaven and Earth Society later became Hongmen, commonly known as the Hong Gang. "Heaven and Earth Society", presumably many friends born in the 60s to the 90s will not be unfamiliar, because everyone has been more or less exposed to the works of Mr. Jin Yong when they were children, and in the last work in his life "The Legend of Deer and Ding", the organization of the Heaven and Earth Society is an important clue that always runs through the protagonist's life.

There are several different theories about the time of the establishment of the Heaven and Earth Society, and the jury is still inconclusive. Most of its members were originally peasants or bankrupt peasants turned into small handicraftsmen, small traders, transport workers along land and water communications, and other wanderers with no fixed occupations. Since then, the composition has become more and more complex, but it is still dominated by the poor people of the lower classes.

Most of the original members of the Society were people from the lower strata of society, such as farmers, small craftsmen, small traders, transport workers, and wanderers. Later, with the continuous addition of anti-Qing righteous people, the membership structure of the Heaven and Earth Society became more and more complex. The organization of the Heaven and Earth Society is relatively scattered, and there is no core leader, and a variety of secret societies have slowly developed.

Jin Yong** A code sentence in "The Story of Deer and Ding". Jin Yong is based on the real code words of the Heaven and Earth Society.

Extension] Heaven and Earth Society was founded in Yunxiao Gaoxi, Fujian, which is also consistent with the record of Hongmen's secret tips. In the image part of the first volume of "Historical Materials of Modern Secret Societies", there is a "Suzhu tablet" painted with the inscription next to it: "The ancestor lived in Yunxiao Gaoxi, Fujian".

56] It can be known from the secret notes of Hongmen that the ancestor of Hongmen is Wan Yunlong, that is, Wan Tixi, and this historical material is consistent with official documents and archives. In the "edict" on the 17th day of the first month of the 54th year of Qianlong, it was written: "According to the righteous offering, my father mentioned that he was the second monk of Hong, and he was a monk in the Guanyin Pavilion.

Wu Lana also said, "The prisoner and others (according to: Xingyi and Chen Biao) confessed that in the 27th year of Qianlong, he preached the Heaven and Earth Society in the Gaoxi Guanyin Temple." [57] It can be seen that the "ancestor" who lived in Gaoxi, Yunxiao, Fujian Province mentioned in the Hongmen Secret Notes is the Honger monk Wan Tixi who was a monk in the Gaoxi Guanyin Temple recorded in the official documents and archives.

It is precisely because Yunxiao Gaoxi is the birthplace of the Heaven and Earth Society, so in the Hongmen Secret Book, whether it is Xilu legends, images, poems, or couplets, Gaoxi Temple is enshrined as a holy place. In the manuscript of Yao Da Lamb, there are no less than ten places where Gaoxi and Gaoxi Temple are mentioned. It is also mentioned that after Wan Tixi formed an alliance with the five monks, he was killed in battle with the Qing soldiers.

The corpse was buried at the foot of the three-story building of the Gaoxi Temple. Gaoxi Temple and three-storey buildings are all near Gaoxi Village in today's clouds. In the verses there is:

A bright lamp in front of the Buddha, the five ancestors opened the flag to worship the ancestors, the ancestral lamp was lit and could not be eaten, and the ancestors were left to go to Gaoxi. It shows that the ancestor of Hongmen is indeed in Gaoxi. In the Hongmen Secret Book Yang's Codex, it is also said that Wan Tixi lived in the "Gaoxi Temple on Ding Mountain".

In the "Documents of the Heaven and Earth Society Discovered by the Guixian Xiuzhi Bureau", it is mentioned that everyone worships Wan Yunlong as the eldest brother and rebels in "Gaoxi". In the image part of "Historical Materials of Modern Secret Society", there is a picture of Gaoxi Temple, and the couplet on the door: "A group of streams and mountains are beautiful through the ages, and the water of Sanhe Gorge flows for thousands of years."

In the poem, there is "the town of Gaogang, a faction of rivers and mountains through the ages, the door to the sea, the three rivers and the water of the ten thousand years river". The landscape depicted resembles the Gaoxi Guanyin Pavilion.

Sum up. When we combine the official documents, archives and Hongmen secrets to study, we can determine that the Tiandihui was founded by the monk Wan Tixi, that is, the second monk of Yunxiao Gaoxi, Fujian, and the birthplace of Tiandihui is Yunxiao Gaoxi, Fujian.

Among the theories about the origin of Hongmen, Wan Yunlong's first theory in the 26th year of Qianlong (1761) has the most documentary basis; Zheng Chenggong's founding theory is the most widely spread, but the deeds are legends and cannot be confirmed; Fang Yizhi founded and said, based on the fact that Fang Yizhi's use of the name "Mu Li" in his later years is consistent with a number of incisions (code words) such as "Mu Li Dou Shi knows the world" and "Mu Li Dou Shi knows the world" and "Mu Li Dou Shi for 60 years, and the prince 13 comes to tie up", but the code words cannot understand their meaning, so they are actually speculation; As for the rest of the theories, they are all based on absurd legends whose content is similar to myths, and their credibility is extremely low.

Note: Wan Yunlong, a monk in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a native of Zhangpu, Zhangzhou, Fujian (now Yunxiao County), is the leader of the Fuqing Tiandi Association in Putian, commonly known as Zheng Kai, called Yunlong, and his young name is Hong Er or Hong Yi. The legal name is Tixi, also known as Tuxi. The pseudonyms Wan Tixi, Wan Ti, Wan Yunlong, etc., commonly known as Wan Yunlong.

Fang Yizhi (1611 1671), the word Mizhi, the name Mangong, also known as Luqi, alias Longmian Fool, failed to oppose the Qing Dynasty, became a monk, changed his name to Dazhi, the word is nothing, alias Hongzhi, known as the monk of Yaodi. He was born in Tongcheng County, Nanzhili (now Tongcheng City, Anhui Province). Famous philosopher and scientist.

It is said that when he fought against the Qing Dynasty with Zhifu Shenjianghu, he promoted the development of the secret society Tiandihui at the bottom of society.