What kind of book is Spring and Autumn ?

The author of "Spring and Autumn" is Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period.

Spring and Autumn is a literary work of ancient history in China. It is also known as "Spring and Autumn Classic", "Lin Jing" or "Lin History" and so on.

Later, many works that supplemented, explained, and elaborated on the history recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period appeared, which were called "biography". The representative works are called "Three Legends of the Spring and Autumn Period", "The Legend of the Left", "The Legend of the Ram" and "The Biography of Gu Liang".

The language used to record the Spring and Autumn Period is extremely concise, but almost every sentence implies praise and disapproval, and is called "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" and "Micro Words and Great Meaning" by later generations. It is one of the ancient Chinese Confucian classics "Six Classics", is the first chronicle of China, and is also the national history of the Lu State during the Zhou Dynasty, and the existing version is rumored to have been revised by Confucius.

The influence of "Spring and Autumn" on later generations:

1. No matter how you consider it, the pioneering work of "Spring and Autumn" is indisputable. Its chronological style is one of the three major styles of historiography, "the sun and the moon are secondary, and the time and years are continuous", setting an example for thousands of years, followed by many people, and "Zizhi Tongjian" is the most outstanding.

2. Its private nature has broken the official monopoly on historiography and has become the precursor of the contention of hundreds of schools of thought. In the "Twenty-six History", as many as one-third of the private cultivators are under their guidance.

3. Its Spring and Autumn brushwork, regardless of how many descendants have carved and chiseled places, but there is no doubt about the historiographical spirit it demonstrates, that is, it is brave and fearless, upright and selfless. The continuity of Chinese history is closely related to the tenacity that Confucius gave at the beginning.

Because"Spring and Autumn".It is a literary work of ancient history in China, and it also refers to the historical stage of the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China, known as the "Spring and Autumn Period".

It is said to be due to the state of Lu.

The historian recorded the major events of various countries at that time by year, season, month, and day, and recorded the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter in a year.

The Spring and Autumn period began in 770 BC (the first year of King Zhou Luping), when King Zhou Ping moved eastward.

The year of the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty ended in 476 BC (the first year of King Yuan of Zhou), on the eve of the Warring States Period, a total of 295 years. One said that it ended in 453 BC, Han, Zhao, and Wei destroyed the Zhi clan, and the other said that it stopped in 403 BC, and the three families were divided.

The origin of the name Spring and Autumn.

The Spring and Autumn Period records the period from the first year of Lu Yin (722 BC) to the Duke of Lu Ai.

Fourteen years (481 BC) for a total of 242 years of events. Because the beginning and end of the historical facts recorded in the early radical line are roughly equivalent to an objective period of historical development, historians of all dynasties have taken the title of the book "Spring and Autumn" as the name of this historical period.

For narrative convenience, the Spring and Autumn Period began in 770 BC (the first year of King Ping of Zhou) and ended in 476 BC (King Jing of Zhou.

Forty-four years) on the eve of the Warring States period, a total of 295 years.

Spring and Autumn is a chronicle work, a work of history. "Spring and Autumn" is a literary work of ancient history in China, also known as "Spring and Autumn Classic".

Lin Jing or Lin History

Wait. It is a history book of the Lu Kingdom, which records the history from the first year of Lu Yin (722 BC) to the fourteenth year of Lu Ai (481 BC).

Later, many works that supplemented, explained, and elaborated on the history recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period appeared, which were called "biography". The representative works are "Zuo Chuan" and "Ram Biography", which are called "Spring and Autumn Three Biography".

The Biography of Gu Liang. The language used to record the Spring and Autumn Period is extremely concise, but almost every sentence implies praise and disapproval, and is called "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" and "Micro Words and Great Meaning" by later generations. It is one of the "Six Classics" of ancient Chinese Confucian classics, and is the first chronicle of China, and the existing version is rumored to have been revised by Confucius.

In February 2019, it was reported that more than 5,200 slips were unearthed from the tomb of the Marquis of Haiding, and experts found Confucian classics including the Spring and Autumn Period and their teachings.

The old saying "Spring and Autumn" was written by Confucius. However, modern scholars have confirmed that it should be a collective catalogue of the hereditary succession of the historians of the Lu State. Because the Spring and Autumn Period was circulated long before Confucius was born, and there was already a set of traditional examples, that is, the so-called "calligraphy".

At that time, the Jin, Qi, Chu, Song and other countries all had such historical official establishments and similar historical books, and their genres and "calligraphy" were also roughly the same. The fact that "Spring and Autumn" can record the major events of various countries is the result of these historians informing each other. In addition, in the Spring and Autumn Period, there are twisted words that violate "calligraphy" and exonerate the position of power, there are also records that are contrary to Confucius's views, and there are some missing texts and errors, and even record the year of Confucius's birth and death.

All this shows that "Spring and Autumn" could not have been written by Confucius.

There should be more than one author of "Spring and Autumn", who were the historians of the Lu State, and was later compiled by Confucius. As for "Left Biography,"Biography"It is the meaning of the commentary, and as the name suggests, the author should be Zuo Qiu Ming.

"Wu Yue Chunqiu" is a historical essay written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, written by Zhao Ye. His book is now preserved in ten volumes, mainly.

Narrating the story of Wu Yue's struggle for hegemony, the first five volumes are dominated by Wu, and the last five volumes are dominated by Yue.

In history, the Spring and Autumn Period is one of the Five Classics of Confucianism, which was revised by Confucius according to the history book of the Lu State, Lu Chunqiu, to promote the idea of royal road by recording the major historical events of the vassal states. Therefore, the term Spring and Autumn is also used to refer to a period in the history of our country.

"Spring and Autumn" is the history of the Zhou Dynasty and the Lu State of China, and it is also the earliest historical book written in chronology in China, which not only has the same historiographical value as "Shangshu", but also has high literary research value. (1) The book "Spring and Autumn" records a history of 242 years from the first year of Lu Yin to the 14th year of Lu Ai (722-481 BC). After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, the vassals of Dafeng (divided into five princes, hou, uncle, son, male, etc.), including vassals (small states less than 50 li) about 1,800 countries.

In the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the princes and countries swallowed each other, and for hundreds of years, to the 49th year of King Ping of Zhou, it was the first year of Lu Yin. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were 124 countries in the "Sutra" and "Biography", of which 24 were mainly feudal. The state of Lu was the feudal state of Bo Yu, the eldest son of the Duke of Zhou.

"Spring and Autumn": that is, "Spring and Autumn Classic", also known as "Lin Jing" or "Lin History", is a historical book of the Lu State, which records the history from the first year of Lu Yin (722 BC) to the fourteenth year of Lu Ai (481 BC). One of the "Six Classics" of ancient Chinese Confucian classics.

The first collection of chronicles and historical essays of the Chinese nation. As a chronicle of the state of Lu, it is said to have been revised by Confucius.

It is the earliest surviving chronicle in China. The historical value of the book "Spring and Autumn" is very high, and the content recorded is basically credible, but it is incomplete. Wang Anshi said that "Spring and Autumn" is just a "broken and rotten newspaper".