Historical Records records thousands of years of history, is the content all true?

The Records of the Historian is the first of the 24 histories, and is the first general history in Chinese history, which records the period from the time of the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Period, a total of more than 3,000 years of history. and Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian".

It is also called the "double wall of historiography". There is no doubt about the achievements and influence of the "Records of the Historians". Is the "Chronicles" all true?

I can be sure that not all of the Chronicles are true. You may think that I want to go back to ancient times, such as Emperor Yan.

The Yellow Emperor and the like, then I'm just a bar for the sake of the bar. I'm going to talk about the official histories that have been recorded, such as Su Qin and Zhang Yi.

It is recorded in the "Historical Records" that Su Qin and Zhang Yi are from the same era, and the two are still brothersGuiguziDoor. However, according to the silk book of the Han tomb unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha in 1973, there is a "Warring States Zonghengjia Book".

is similar to "Warring States Policy", which records the story of the Zongheng family. Zhang Yi and Su Qin are the leaders of the Zongheng family, so naturally they will not be missing. It is clearly recorded in the "Warring States Zonghengjia Book" that Zhang Yi died in 310 BC and Su Qin died in 284 BC, with a gap of 26 years.

Some people may say that age doesn't mean anythingHowever, the "Historical Records" records that Su Qin was in power before, and thanks to Su Qin, Zhang Yi was able to become the phase of QinNot only that, but the order of the two deaths is reversed in "Historical Records", Su Qin died first, and it was Zhang Yi. And Zhang Yi's other political enemy, Gongsun Yan, is obviously a person of the same era as Zhang Yi, and in the "Historical Records", his biography is only attached to Zhang Yi's biography.

It may be that Gongsun Yan was able to search for too little information. Some people may also say that the "Su Qin Zhangyi" recorded in the "Historical Records" is a forgery, but not that the "Warring States Zonghengjia Book" is fabricated out of thin air. Because the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha is the cemetery of the king of Changsha in the early Western Han Dynasty, Li Cang, and his family.

Li Cang had already followed Liu Bang in his early years.

has fought the world, and the year must be better than Sima Qian.

It is relatively close to the Warring States period. In addition, "Historical Records" and "Warring States Policy" have omissions in some aspects about the Zonghengjia, but the missing history can be found in the "Warring States Zonghengjia Book", which is self-justifying.

Written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, the Historical Records describes all the historical events from the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was called "the swan song of the historians, the rhyme of the separation" by the great writer Lu Xun. However, all historians will make a mistake, that is, to praise the current dynasty and discredit the previous dynasty, and Sima Qian is of course no exception, he is a die-hard black fan of Qin Shi Huang.

In the "Records of the Historians", Sima Qian made many smear descriptions of Qin Shi Huang, portraying him as a mediocre, brutal, and suspicious tyrant, and at the same time, later generations had a considerable misunderstanding of Qin Shi Huang. The incident we are talking about today is also truly recorded in the "Historical Records", which is the "Bolangsha Assassination of Qin" incident.

According to the excavated data, there are more and more false and suspicious in the 24 histories, and the history is not only written by the victors, but also by literati and writers.

For major historical events, the description is more accurate. For the characters, especially the villains, most of them are splashed with dirty water.

False, false, and mythical accounts for more than half of the historical records.

It turns out that the problem is still in the book "Bamboo Book Chronicle", and its origin is somewhat disgraceful, because "Bamboo Book Chronicle" is not passed down from generation to generation.

It was dug out of the tomb by a tomb robber called the Forbidden Tomb in the Western Jin Dynasty, and the tomb that unearthed the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" was the mausoleum of King Xiang of Wei, so it is also called the "Ji Mound Chronicle" or "Guwen Chronicle".

Some people may say that age does not represent anything, but the "Historical Records" records that Su Qin was in power before, and thanks to Su Qin, Zhang Yi was able to become the phase of the Qin State.

Not only that, but the order of the two deaths is reversed in "Historical Records", Su Qin died first, and it was Zhang Yi.

The historical records were excavated in Changsha City from 1972 to 1974; The historical records record the era of the Yellow Emperor in the ancient legends, down to the Yuan Hunt period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a total of more than 3,000 years of history, is a general history of the chronicle.

The historical records have been well preserved, from the Western Han Dynasty to the present, and they are not "unearthed" in **.

The Records of the Historian is the first general history of China written by Sima Qian, and is the first of the 25th History. It records the history of more than 3,000 years from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The "Historical Records" originally did not have a title, or "Taishi Gongshu", "Taishi Gongchuan", and was also called "Taishi Gong".

"Historical Records" is a general name for ancient history books, and since the Three Kingdoms period, "Historical Records" has gradually evolved from a general name for historical books to a special name for "Taishi Gongshu". The "Records of the Historians", together with the "Book of Han" (Bangu), the "Book of the Later Han" (Fan Ye, Sima Biao), and the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" (Chen Shou), are collectively known as the "First Four History". Liu Xiang and others believe that this book is "good at order and reason, argument but not flashy, quality but not slang".

and the "Zizhi Tongjian" compiled by Sima Guang in the Song Dynasty is called "Historiography and Double".

"Historical Records" was not dug up from ** in which year, but was passed on by Sima Qian's grandson. Hanshu. Sima Qian's Biography said:

When Emperor Xuan, Yang Yunzu, the grandson of Pingtong, recounted his book, and then announced it. ”"Ancestral statement" is a common view in ancient times, that is, "learn from the ancestors of the law, and make resourceful decisions", which is actually the "announcement" that is often said later-the announcement of the "Historical Records". However, at that time, it was not called "Historical Records" but "Taishi Gongji", or "Taishi Gongshu".

When the "History of Sui" was included, it was changed to "Historical Records". Hanshu. Gongsun Liu Tian Wang Yang Cai Chen Zheng Biography contains:

Yang) Yun's mother, Sima Qian's daughter. Yun Shi read his grandfather's "Taishi Gongji", and even "Spring and Autumn". "Read "Taishi Gongji" like reading "Spring and Autumn".

Yang Yun "can be called by talent" and "famous in the court", because of the exposure of Huo Guang's rebellion, he was named Pingtong Marquis, and moved to the middle of the general. Later, he was impeached and demoted to a chief official, and he was greatly reduced by Emperor Xuan, which was tragic enough. Yang Yun's father, Yang Yi, is Sima Qian's aunt and the prime minister of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty.

Emperor Zhao collapsed, Yang Yi and the general Huo Guang and others "abolished the king of Changyi and established Emperor Xuan". "Historical Records" was written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, written in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, describing the historical time from the stage of Emperor Xuanyuan to the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and it took Sima Qian 14 years to write the historical records. Because Sima Qian was executed by Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty, he did not have a certain decoration for the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and the historical records are also mixed with Sima Qian's resentment against Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty.

Sima Qian's historical records are also divided into two, one is written by Sima Qian's work, and the other is a group book, but because at that time, Sima Qian's "Historical Records" part of the record of the secret history of the Han Dynasty's deep palace, so it was not circulated at the beginning. In any case, even from today's perspective, Sima Qian is still an outstanding historianThe cycle time of the "Records of the Historians" is very large, which is the most time period in the "Twenty-four History", and Sima Qian revised it with the strength of one person, and its difficulty is obvious.

As the first general history in the history of our country, I believe that everyone is familiar with historical records, and many of the classical Chinese learned when I was a child are historical records.

I don't know if you will have such questions, are the records in the historical records true, and will there be content that does not match the real history? The answer is yes, and the history recorded in the historical records cannot be completely true.

First of all, the time span recorded in the historical records is too large, and it is inevitable that there will be mistakes.

The history recorded in the historical records spans nearly 3,000 years from the period of the Yan and Huang Emperors to the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

With such a long period of time, there is always the possibility that some events that have been passed down from generation to generation can be mistransmitted.

Therefore, when Sima Qian recounted the historical records, the historical events he obtained had already been embellished, and there would definitely be differences between them and the real events.

Objectively, this problem is unavoidable.

Secondly, it is impossible for Sima Qian to completely put aside his personal emotions when writing historical records, so some records in historical records will have Sima Qian's personal subjective method.

Even if Sima Qian is such a rigorous person, it is impossible to look at a historical event from a completely objective standpoint, so the records in the historical records will more or less carry Sima Qian's personal thoughts.

In this way, the records in the historical records are not entirely credible.

Historical documents are not as good as cultural relics that can convey to us the objective truth, and the history it conveys to us will inevitably be different from the real history.

However, as a formal history, historical records still have great research value, and it has made great contributions to our study of past history, and not only that historical records also have extremely high literary value, so we should also look at historical records objectively, and carefully verify some doubtful places.

"Historical Records" was not dug up from ** in which year, it was passed down by Sima Qian's grandson. The author of "Historical Records" is Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, written in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, recording the history from the period of the Yellow Emperor to the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Sima Qian took 14 years to write the historical records.

Because Sima Qian was executed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he did not beautify the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and the historical records are also mixed with Sima Qian's resentment towards Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Sima Qian's historical records are also divided into two parts, one is written by Sima Qian's work, and there is a copy, but because the "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian at that time recorded a part of the secret history of the Han Dynasty's palace, it was not circulated at that time.

It was also because of Sima Qian's resentment towards Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that he passed on to his grandson Yang Yun, who published the "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian at that time, but not much, just some records of the previous dynasty, and did not announce the secrets of the Han Palace。Later, after Yang Yun's Han Xuan Emperor was killed as a joke, the publication of "Historical Records" stopped, and it should have been taken away by the emperor and not allowed to circulate. "Historical Records" did not circulate in the Han Dynasty because Sima Qian's confrontation with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty whitewashed Li Ling.

Anyway, some of the problems are the fault of the Han Dynasty royal family.

It is precisely because Sima Qian, as a historian of the Han Dynasty, can see that there are many records of the palace secrets of the Han Dynasty, but they have not been deleted, so when Ban Gu wants to take the "Historical Records" as a reference, there are ten fewer articles, and some palace secrets about the Han Dynasty cannot be circulated.

The "Historical Records" we see now are basically abridged versions, and later the Eastern Han Dynasty also let a part of the "Historical Records" be deleted, and then the historical records we see later are basically renewals.

Therefore, "Historical Records" has been circulating, but the original version is definitely gone, and it is already unrecognizable. Our understanding of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties is almost as vague as the history before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, although there are many legends in the history of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors recorded in the "Historical Records", and without the records of the "Historical Records", we can't even connect the legends!

Historical records have been handed down and preserved by dynasties and generations, and they are not excavated in any year. Its author is Sima Qian.

This book has always been very well preserved, not dug up. It was written by Sima Qian.

Most of what is recorded in the history books is true, but there are some false things. Although the historian wanted to write the history of the previous dynasty objectively and fairly, the rulers of the current dynasty would not agree, and it must be that the merits of the previous dynasty should be written as small as possible, and the mistakes should be infinitely magnified, so as to win the hearts and support of the people of the world.

Historical books refer to the books that record history in ancient books, and they are the history department in the four library classifications. The early historical books all existed in the form of chronicles, and the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" unearthed from the tomb during the Taikang period of the Jin Dynasty was also a chronicle. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xun Yue wrote the "Han Dynasty", creating a chronicle of the dynastic history.

Development of historical books: The vassal states of the Western Weekend Dynasty of China have been recorded in history, such as the "Cheng" of the Jin State, the "Zhi" of the Zheng State, the "Han Zhu" of the Chu State, the "Spring and Autumn" of the Lu State, etc., and the "Mozi" said that Mo Zhai had seen the "Spring and Autumn of the Hundred Kingdoms".

History books are a relatively large concept, here I borrow the classification method of the "history department" of the four library books: official history, chronicles, chronicles, other histories, miscellaneous histories, edicts, biographies, historical notes, records, seasons, geography, official positions, political documents, catalogs, historical commentaries and other fifteen categories.

The most rigorous: not all of them. History can be divided into two types: there is the history of the parties, such as the 08 Olympics, which are all true (from the perspective of the parties); There is no history of the parties, such as the cause of Zhao Kuangyin's death, and it is not clear what is true (except for the traverser).

Categories: Culture Art >> historical topics.

Problem description: It is said that the chronology in the "Historical Records" is not accurate, and I can't remember who said it, so I want to verify it.

Analysis: "Historical Records" is "the swan song of historians, no rhyme", not only has high historiographical value, but also is a very valuable literary wealth, so that the articles in it are more readable than very many birds, which has caused some people to misunderstand, saying that "Historical Records" is compiled by hidden oak. In fact, "Historical Records" is the opening work of China's formal history books (national compilation history books, non-wild history).