What are the dangerous and harmful factors of confined space operations?

1. Hypoxic asphyxia: too low oxygen concentration in the air will cause hypoxia.

2. Poisoning: It is easy to accumulate high concentrations of harmful substances in limited space. Hazardous substances can be existing in a confined space or accumulate gradually during work.

3. Fire and fire: there are flammable and explosive substances in the air, and the concentration is too high to cause fire or combustion.

4. Any other environmental conditions that threaten life or health. Such as falling, drowning, object strikes.

electric shocks, etc. Confined Space Operations:

It refers to a closed or partially closed space, with narrow and limited entrances and exits, not designed as a fixed workplace, with poor natural ventilation, which is easy to cause the accumulation of toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive substances or insufficient oxygen content.

Confined spaces are divided into three categories:

1. Closed equipment: such as ship holds, storage tanks, vehicle-mounted tanks, reaction towers (kettles), refrigerators, pressure vessels, pipelines, flues, boilers, etc.;

2. Underground limited space: such as underground pipelines, basements, underground warehouses, underground projects, culverts, tunnels, culverts, pits, waste wells, cellars, sewage pools (wells), biogas tanks, septic tanks, sewers, etc.;

3. Limited space on the ground: such as storage room, distiller's lees pond, fermentation pond, garbage station, greenhouse, cold storage, granary, silo, etc.

1. Confined space operations are also known as confined space operations and confined space operations.

Regarding confined space, the national standard has a clear definition, which refers to a limited space that is relatively isolated from the outside world, with limited import and export, poor natural ventilation, and is sufficient to accommodate one person to enter and engage in unconventional and non-continuous operations, such as furnaces, towers, kettles, tanks, tankers, pipelines, flues, sewers, tunnels, ditches, pits, wells, pools, culverts, cabins, underground warehouses, storage rooms, cellars, barns, etc.

There are often a variety of dangerous and harmful factors in confined space or confined space, and in addition to the common dangerous and harmful factors, there are three main dangerous and harmful factors unique to confined space operations

1. There may be toxic and harmful media in the limited space, 2. There may be flammable gases in the limited space, and 3. The limited space may belong to the anoxic environment.

Obviously, if any of these types of dangerous and harmful factors are not controlled and prevented, it may lead to serious accidents.

In the face of safety accidents related to confined space operations, people often feel at a loss, so unexpected, because disasters happen in an instant, the victims cannot save themselves, and the people present are difficult to rescue. In fact, such instantaneous disasters are closely related to poor ventilation and restricted access to confined spaces. Confined spaces are likely to be hypoxic environments, and hypoxia can cause fatal injuries to workers

When the oxygen content is less than 12%, the person will lose consciousness without warning, so fast that the victim cannot save himself at all; When the oxygen content is between 12% and 14%, symptoms of shortness of breath and convulsions will occur, and at the same time, motor coordination, perception and judgment will be significantly reduced; When the oxygen content is between 15% and 19%, in addition to affecting motor coordination, it will also induce early coronary artery, circulatory and pulmonary problems. If there is a flammable gas in the confined space operating environment, there will be a fire hazard, and if there is a toxic and harmful gas, there will be a risk of poisoning, and the actual danger is self-evident.

2. Safety precautions for confined space operations.

Taking practical preventive measures is the most direct and effective way to reduce production safety accidents in confined space operations. The national standards and industry standards related to the safety of confined space operations mainly include: "Code for Protection against Occupational Hazards in Confined Space Operations" (GBZ T 205), "Safety Regulations for Hypoxic Hazardous Operations" (GB8958), "Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace - Chemical Hazardous Factors" (GBZ Safety Regulations for Confined Space Operations in Chemical Production Units) (AQ3028), "Safety Regulations for Gas Cabin Operations for Metal Welding and Cutting" (CB T 3969), etc. These standards clearly stipulate the responsibilities and specific measures for the safety management of confined space operations.

First, in order to ensure the safety of confined space operations, on the one hand, there must be a complete safety management system, with the necessary testing and inspection means and emergency equipment; On the other hand, it is necessary to carry out systematic safety education for relevant personnel, so that safety management personnel and production operators have sufficient safety production knowledge and skills, and have a strong sense of responsibility.

Safe operation in confined spaces.

Dangers and harmful factors in confined spaces.

1. The equipment and facilities are separated from each other, and between the inside and outside of the equipment and facilities, resulting in poor ventilation, poor lighting and poor communication in the working space;

2. The activity space is small and the working site is narrow, which is easy to lead to difficulties in the entry and exit of the staff, and it is inconvenient to contact each other, which is not conducive to work monitoring and rescue;

3. The humidity and heat are high, the energy consumption of the operators is large, and it is easy to fatigue;

4. There are acid, alkali, poison, dust, smoke and other dangerous media, which are easy to cause suffocation, poisoning, fire and other accidents;

5. There are dangerous and harmful factors such as hypoxia or oxygen-rich, flammable gas and steam, toxic gas and vapor, roofing, falling from height, object strike, various mechanical injuries, electric shock injuries, etc

6. Other dangerous and harmful factors.

1. Permits must be applied for to enter confined spaces, and corresponding work permits must be applied for when fire, temporary electricity, and high places are involved.

2. The license approver and guardian shall hold the certificate to work, and the safety supervision department shall be responsible for organizing business training and issuing qualification certificates.

4. The "three non-entry" should be implemented for confined space operations. That is, no entry without a confined space operation permit, no entry without the presence of a guardian, and no entry without the implementation of safety measures.

5. After an accident occurs in the confined space operation, the relevant personnel on the scene shall immediately call the police and prohibit blind rescue. When emergency personnel carry out rescue, they shall do a good job of self-protection and wear necessary breathing equipment and rescue equipment.

Confined space workplaces generally contain hydrogen sulfide.

Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.

Ammonia, methane. biogas) and hydrogen cyanide, among which the asphyxiating gases dominated by hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide are particularly prominent.

Common limited space operations include: cleaning slurry tanks, sedimentation tanks, brewing tanks, manure tanks, sewers, manure pits, cellars, etc.; construction site piles, shafts, mines, etc.; Reactor towers or kettles, tankers, storage tanks, cylinders and other containers, as well as pipelines, flues, tunnels, trenches, pits, wells, culverts, ship holds, underground warehouses, storage rooms, barns, etc.

Working in these confined spaces can lead to a decrease in oxygen levels due to poor ventilation and high concentrations of asphyxiating gases. When the oxygen content in the air drops below 16%, people can develop hypoxia symptoms; The oxygen content drops below 10%, and varying degrees of consciousness impairment may occur.

even death; Oxygen levels drop below 6%, and sudden death can occur.

Summary. Hello, dear, the risk control measures for confined space operations are: operators, guardians, on-site leaders, etc. can not work in the confined space for a long time, especially in the space with poor natural ventilation, easy to cause the accumulation of toxic and harmful, flammable and explosive substances or insufficient oxygen content, to strictly keep the entrance and exit unblocked, and set up obvious safety warning signs and warning instructions; Before the operation, the operators and tools should be counted, the operators should have reliable contact with the outside, and the guardians should not leave the operation site and keep in touch with the operators; If there is cross-operation on the job site, measures should be taken to avoid mutual injury.

Hello, dear, the risk control measures for confined space operations are: old poor operators, skin guardians, on-site leaders, etc. can not work in the limited space for a long time, especially in the space with poor natural ventilation, easy to cause the accumulation of toxic and harmful, flammable and explosive substances or insufficient oxygen content, the entrance and exit should be strictly kept unblocked, and obvious safety warning signs and warning instructions should be set up; Before the operation is done, the operators and tools should be counted, the operators should have reliable contact with the outside, and the guardians should not leave the operation site and keep in touch with the operators; If there is cross-operation on the job site, measures should be taken to avoid mutual injury.

For limited space operations, it is necessary to achieve "ventilation first, then testing, and then operation", and ventilation is strictly prohibited and unqualified operations must be detected.

There is a risk of accidents such as poisoning, suffocation, fire, falling, drowning, collapse, electric shock, mechanical injury, scalding and other accidents in confined space operations.

The dangerous characteristics of confined space operations are that the operating environment is complex. The limited space is small and the ventilation is not smooth, which is not conducive to gas diffusion, and toxic and harmful gases are easy to accumulate; Poor lighting and communication have caused difficulties to normal hail operations and emergency rescue. In addition, the infiltration or sudden influx of undercurrents around some confined spaces, the collapse of buildings or the flow of other fluidity solids (such as sediment, etc.), the leakage of electrical appliances used in operations, and the machinery used to sell slag materials in operations will bring potential dangers to personnel working in confined spaces.

Second, it is dangerous, and once an accident occurs, it often causes serious consequences. Worker poisoning and suffocation often occur instantaneously, and some toxic gas poisoning can cause death within minutes or even seconds. Third, it is easy to expand due to blind rescue.

According to statistics, 50% of the fatalities in confined space operation accidents are rescuers, because of improper rescue caused by the expansion of Chinese liquid.

The following 5 safety precautions should be taken for confined space operations:

It must be strictImplement the operation approval system, and it is strictly forbidden to enter the limited space without authorization.

It has to be done"Ventilation first, then testing, and then operation", it is strictly forbidden to ventilate and test unqualified operations.

Must be equippedPersonal protective equipment such as anti-poisoning and suffocation, set up safety warning signs, and strictly prohibit operation without protective and guardianship measures.

Must be on the operatorCarry out safety training, and it is strictly forbidden to work on unqualified jobs in education and training.

It must be formulatedEmergency measures, the site is equipped with emergency equipment, and blind rescue is strictly prohibited.

Hazards of confined space operations

Confined space workplaces generally contain gases such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane (biogas) and hydrogen cyanide, among which the asphyxiating gases dominated by hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide are particularly prominent. Common limited space operations include: cleaning slurry tanks, sedimentation tanks, brewing tanks, manure tanks, sewers, manure pits, cellars, etc.;

Working in these confined spaces can lead to a decrease in oxygen levels due to poor ventilation and high concentrations of asphyxiating gases. When the oxygen content in the air drops below 16%, people can produce hypoxia symptoms, the oxygen content drops below 10%, there can be varying degrees of consciousness impairment and even death, and sudden death can occur when the oxygen content drops below 6%.

The above content refers to the five provisions of Encyclopedia - Safe Operation of Confined Space.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Confined Space Operations.

Before entering the confined space operation, we must first ventilate it to ensure that the oxygen content of the space air is above and thoroughly clean the space, and continue to ventilate the confined space during the operation, and use a gas detector to monitor the gas in the confined space in real time. To prevent the lack of oxygen in the confined space or the increase in the concentration of toxic and harmful substances, if there is an abnormal situation, the staff should immediately stop working and evacuate the confined space.

In the process of work, if the conveying equipment should be hoisted by rope, it is strictly forbidden to throw it up and down. Wear safety gear before entering the workspace. Such as filtering gas masks, air respirators, long-tube respirators, chemical protective suits, etc.

When entering the space that cannot meet the requirements of cleaning and replacement, isolated respiratory protective equipment should be used, such as air respirators, oxygen respirators, and heavy chemical protective clothing. If we are in a flammable and explosive atmosphere, explosion-proof lamps and tools should be used.

Guardians should strictly perform their duties and must not leave the scene at will, and they also need to prepare corresponding first-aid supplies such as air respirators (oxygen respirators), fire-fighting equipment and clean water outside the confined space. If an accident occurs, it can be rescued as soon as possible.

Smart fire stewards have the following suggestions: (1) The principle of first detection and then monitoring before entering any limited space operation that may cause occupational hazards and personnel should be achieved. Detect and confirm the concentration of harmful substances in the confined space first, and 30 minutes before the operation, the concentration of harmful substances in the confined space should be sampled again, and the confined space can only be entered after the analysis is qualified.

2) When entering a limited space with poor natural ventilation effect, mechanical ventilation should be used, and the number of ventilation should not be less than 3 times per hour. For places where ventilation measures cannot be adopted or where adequate ventilation is not possible due to the restrictions of the working environment, workers must be equipped with and use isolated respiratory protection devices such as air respirators or hose masks. The use of filtering masks is strictly prohibited.

3) Personnel working in confined spaces should have a serious and responsible attitude towards their work, have no diseases and physiological defects that hinder them from engaging in the corresponding type of work, and meet the qualifications required by the corresponding type of work.

4) When acute poisoning and suffocation accidents occur during confined space operations, emergency rescue personnel should do a good job of personal protection and wear necessary emergency rescue equipment before rescue. Other operators must not rush to the rescue, so as not to cause unnecessary **.